Texte remanié de: Diss.--Theologische Fakultät--Basel, 1971. / Bibliogr. des œuvres de T.G. Masaryk p. 229-249. Bibliogr. p. 251-268.

Diss.--Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät--Zürich--Universität, 1999. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 253-263. Index.

The Diploma thesis "Thomas G. Masaryk's journalistic activity" aims to analyze Masaryk as a journalist. The thesis describes the process of Masaryk's evolution from childhood and school years through his university studies in Vienna and Leipzig till his move to Prague, where he worked at the local university. It emphasizes all the major aspects that formed his personali-ty. It focuses mainly on his position in the magazines Athenaeum, Čas and Naše doba, which then influenced many events. The issue is settled in the historical and cultural social context of the second half of the 19th century.

Das vom Institut für Slavistik der TU Dresden und der Brücke/Most-Stiftung im Rahmen der 16. Tschechisch-Deutschen Kulturtage am 7. November 2014 veranstaltete 8. Bohemicum Dresdense war der Persönlichkeit, dem Denken und den Wirkungen Tomáš Garrigue Masaryks gewidmet. Äußerer Anlass zur Wahl des Themas war die Erinnerung an den Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkriegs, in dessen Folge die Erste Tschechoslowakische Republik mit Masaryk als ihrem ersten Präsidenten entstand. Dass das Jahr 1914 für Masaryk auch persönlich eine Zäsur darstellte, daran erinnerte der Generalkonsul der Tschechischen Republik, Dr. Jiří Kuděla, in seinem Grußwort. Im November 1914 habe Masaryk buchstäblich die Koffer gepackt und seine akademische Karriere hinter sich gelassen, um sich seiner politischen Vision zu widmen. Bis heute sei Masaryk eine politische Leitfigur in der Tschechischen Republik und die bekannte Abkürzung TGM für viele Tschechen fast so etwas wie eine magische Formel. Gleichwohl sollte Masaryk auf der Tagung nicht nur als politischer Visionär und Staatsmann, sondern auch – und vor allem – als Philosoph, Literat und religiöser Denker zur Geltung kommen, was Holger Kuße vom Institut für Slavistik in seiner Begrüßung der TagungsteilnehmerInnen hervorhob.

Dans le contexte des changements globaux, la biodiversité en Méditerranée est menacée, notamment par une sécheresse plus intense, avec des modifications probables du fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Cette thèse étudie l’effet de la sécheresse accrue sur la végétation et la modulation des effets par la diversité végétale, par une expérimentation d’exclusion de pluie dans une garrigue au nord de Marseille avec un gradient naturel de diversité. Les performances des 4 arbustes dominants, la diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle, les relations interspécifiques et la relation diversité-productivité de la garrigue ont été étudiés sous deux niveaux de pluieAprès 2,5 années, les effets de la sécheresse accrue sur la performance des 4 arbustes dépendent de l’espèce et du paramètre évalués et peuvent être modulés par la diversité des co-dominantes. Q.coccifera parait plus résistante et résiliente, suivie de R.officinalis et finalement de C.albidus et U.parviflorus. Ceci s’explique en partie par leurs différentes stratégies d’acquisition, utilisation et conservation du carbone et de l’eau. Les traits foliaires et la diversité fonctionnelle et spécifique ne sont pas affectés significativement par la réduction des pluies, mais dépendent du nombre, l’identité et le recouvrement des dominantes. Au vu de l’effet différentiel de la sécheresse accrue sur les espèces dominantes, on peut s’attendre à un effet négatif indirect de la sécheresse sur la biodiversité et donc sur le fonctionnement de la garrigue. On confirme l’importance d’intégrer les facteurs biotiques dans les modèles visant à prévoir le fonctionnement et les services des écosystèmes dans le cadre du changement climatique. / In the global change context, the biodiversity in the Mediterranean is under threat, mainly due to the more intense drought, which could lead to modification of ecosystem functioning. This thesis focuses on the effects of higher drought on the aboveground vegetation and the modulation of these effects by plant diversity thanks to a precipitation exclusion experiment in a shrubland in the south of France whith a natural diversity gradient. The 4 dominant shrub species performances, the specific and functional diversity, the interspecific interaction, and the biodiversity-productivity relationship were studied under 2 rain levelsAfter 2,5 years the effects of increased drought on the 4 dominant shrub performances was species- and parameter-dependant and can be modulated by the diversity of the co-dominant species. Q. coccifera seems the most resistant and resilient, followed by R. officinalis and finally by C. albidus and U. parviflorus. This is partly explained by the different strategies of acquisition, utilization and conservation of carbon and water of the four species. The leaf traits, the functional and specific diversity are not significantly affected by the precipitation decrease, but they depend on the number, the identity and the cover of the dominant shrubs. Given the differential effect of higher drought on the dominant species performances, we could expect an indirect negative effect of drought on the shrubland diversity and so on ecosystem functioning. We confirm the importance of taking into account the biotic factors in models aiming to predict the ecosystem functioning and environmental risks and services under future in the climate change context

99 Summary Buberův kulturní sionismus a Masarykův humanismus - komparativní studie Buber's Cultural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study Marie Venclová This thesis deals with various aspects of understanding the term nation, its roots and dimensions in the works of Martin Buber and Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. The comparative study is based on analysis of Buber's Three Addresses on Judaism and Masaryk's Problem of a Small Nation. In these texts the philosophers present their attitudes and ideas about the meaning, origin and content of the existence of a nation. The results of the comparison show, that their points of view are similar in more than a few aspects and what most importantly bonds their ideas is the moral, spiritual and cultural understanding of the meaning of a nation. Furthermore, they both stress the responsibility of each and every individual part of the society for implementing such ideas into practice. Buber's cultural Zionism as well as Masaryk's humanism are also concepts based on critical self-reflection and need of education, which serves to broaden horizons and identify positive values in one's own nation. Motivation for this thesis resided in unique legal position of the Jewish minority in Czechoslovakia after the First World War. Based on the results of the comparison we...

The present study explores the relationship between language and architecture as symbolic systems against the background of the creation of independent Czechoslovakia at the end of World War I. It takes as its focus the Prague Castle, and the intent of the first President of Czechoslovakia, philosopher Thomas Garrigue Masaryk (1850--1937), to "democratize" the vast complex of historic structures that formed it, with the help of the Slovenian architect Joze Plecnik (1872--1957). To effect change in the charged, historically circumscribed spaces of the Castle can be viewed as a language analogy mainly in the terms of creating new relationships . Polysemy is a characteristic, sometimes dominant, feature of the transformation process. / In the hierarchy of public spaces, the Castle was meant to constitute the ultimate symbolic space not just for Prague, but for the entire nation. Memory as recollection, but also as imagination and ingegno, impelled symbolic action both verbally and architecturally. Plecnik's own "grammar of creation" sought constitutive forms in the traditions of Antiquity and ancient Egypt, in Masaryk's ideas of democratic governance as well as in the collective memory of the city. These were the informing principles that created a more layered referential field. / The invention of the tradition and symbolic identity of the Castle in the new context of republican Czechoslovakia was a complex process accompanied by competing narratives. Masaryk wished the Castle to become "a symbol of our [Czech and Slovak] national democratic ideals," and spoke of a need to "embody" the new parliament in search for an ethical existence rooted in faith and self-education, imbued with both scientific rigour and poetic making, and implemented through the everyday work by all citizens. / A unique example of another type of narrative is a body of correspondence addressed to Plecnik between 1920 and 1956 by the President's daughter, Alice Garrigue Masaryk (1879--1966), who represented her father in his role as patron and served as a conduit between him, the Castle Building Administration and Plecnik himself. A close reading of these letters explores to interrogate the role of language in both the transmission of tradition and in the actual process of architectural making and constitutes an original contribution to scholarship.

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The aim of this diploma thesis is to expound the reality of the first Czechoslovak Republic through the foreign point of view, more precisely through the Vatican daily newspaper L´Osservatore Romano. Since the reality is immensely complex, individual chapters deal with topics of overall political development´s reflection, the personality of the first Czechoslovak president Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and the situation of Catholic Church in the country from the perspective of Vatican press. Due to the influence of reporters´ Catholic orientation, the author used other journals and documents to achieve higher levels of the opinion plurality in the particular questions. For this purpose, he worked in his thesis with other Czech and Italian newspapers, pastoral letters which were written by Czechoslovak bishops, memories of contemporary events´ actors or different interviews and speeches of important political figures at the time. In the analysis, there is an attempt to answer the question of how the Holy See´s official periodical informed of the events in interwar Czechoslovakia.

This master thesis presents an analysis of two personalities Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Karel Kramář before the First World War. The main theme of this paper is to description their complicated relationship. Next part of this paper describes their political and social activities, their opinions and life attitudes at this time. This thesis is based on examination of their mutual correspondence. The purpose of this paper is to present comparison, analysis and interpretation of the relationship of T. G. Masaryk and K. Kramář in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.