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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Growth Characterization and Optimization of Cyanobacterial Isolates from the Arabian Gulf

Siller Rodriguez, Luis F. 12 1900 (has links)
Photoautotrophic organisms have been highlighted as carbon capture and conversion platforms for sustainable production of agricultural and chemicals in KSA. Previously two cyanobacterial strains, Geitlerinema spp. CT7801 and CT7802, were isolated from an industrial brine outfall site in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Initial characterization of their growth characteristics showed growth at high temperature (38 ºC) and high salinity ( > 60 PSU), making them potentially good candidates for industrial applications. In this study, quantitative growth assays were performed using standardized methods developed for the analysis of Red Sea photosynthetic microorganisms supported by microscopic observations, optimal growth media preference assays, CO2 concentration effect, photoperiod effect, mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth tests. Data was recorded for absorbance (600 and 750 nm wave lenght), dry cell weight (DCW), colorimetric observations, and chlorophyll a content. Both CT7801 and CT7802 exhibited a clear preference for Walne's Red Sea medium. An analysis on media composition highlights B and Fe as growth enhancers, as well as a base requirement of seawater. Tests on the effect of supplied concentration of CO2 showed that air enhanced with 1 % v/v CO2 allows approximately 2-fold increase in DCW for Geitlerinema spp. CT7802. Photoperiod tests showed that continuous light is disadvantageous for phototrophic growth of Geitlerinema spp. CT7801 and CT7802. Results for mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth of Geitlerinema spp. CT7801 and CT7802 revealed their ability to metabolize glycerol. Analysis on the complete genome of CT7802 identified three key enzymes, glycerol kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and triosephosphate isomerase, which may catalyze the glycerol metabolic pathway in the strain. Utilization of glycerol, a residue of the biodiesel industry, might provide a sustainable alternative for growth of Geitlerinema sp. CT7802.
2

Filogenia molecular de cianobactérias baseada em sequências do 16S-23S-ITS rDNA e PC-IGS: investigação de transferência lateral do PC

Santos, Viviane Piccin dos [UNESP] 17 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:28:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vp_me_rcla.pdf: 692384 bytes, checksum: 87577700198a680d7662c5fe0990efe7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As cianobactérias apresentam uma ampla variabilidade fenotípica e ecológica. Porém, esta variabilidade, muitas vezes, não corresponde à sua diversidade genética. Assim, o uso de marcadores moleculares é fundamental para os estudos de filogenia neste grupo. Entretanto, a filogenia molecular enfrenta um desafio na seleção dos marcadores devido à ocorrência relativamente frequente da transferência de genes de forma lateral entre os procariotos. Em cianobactérias os marcadores dos espaçadores dos genes ribossomais (16S-23S-ITS rDNA) e do operon da ficocianina (PC-IGS) estão entre os mais utilizados nestes estudos. Contudo, alguns trabalhos sugerem que o PC-IGS possa ter sito transferido lateralmente em sua história evolutiva. A identificação de morfoespécies dos gêneros Microcystis e Geitlerinema é baseada em caracteres morfológicos que em geral não correspondem à sua variabilidade genética. Com o objetivo de investigar a transferência lateral do operon da ficocianina em Geitlerinema e Microcystis, foram obtidas e comparadas árvores filogenéticas de ambas espécies baseadas nos marcadores PC-IGS e 16S-23S-ITS rDNA. As topologias das árvores obtidas para ambos os marcadores foram muito semelhantes e indicaram que o PC-IGS é estável e indicado para os estudos de taxonomia e filogenia de linhagens de Geitlerinema e Microcystis. Assim, hipótese inicial de transferência lateral foi refutada. Algumas linhagens tiveram seu posicionamento divergente entre um marcador e outro, o que ressalta a importância do uso de mais de um marcador em estudos de filogenia. O marcador PC-IGS apresentou melhor desempenho que 16S-23S-ITS rDNA. As árvores filogenéticas de Geitlerinema baseadas em ambos os marcadores indicaram a ocorrência de espécies crípticas dentre as linhagens estudadas e corroboraram que G. amphibium e G. unigranulatum devem ser consideradas sinonímias... / Cyanobacteria show a wide phenotypic and ecological variability, but frequently this variability does not correspond to their genetic variation. Therefore, the use of molecular markes is critical for phylogenetic studies in this group. At the same time, the selection of molecular markers represents a challenge for the molecular phylogeny due to the horizontal gene transfer, witch is a relatively common process among the prokaryotes. In cyanobacteria, makers for the ribosomal genes spacer (16S-23S-ITS rDNA) and for the phycocyanin operon spacer (PC-IGS) are among of the most used for phylogeny. However, some studies suggest that the PC-IGS marker may have been horizontally transferred during its evolutionary history. The identification of the morphospecies from the genus Microcystis and Geitlerinema is based in their morphological characters, but they generally do not correspond to genetic variability. In order to investigate the possibility of horizontal transfer of the phycocyanin operon in Microcystis and Geitlerinema, phylogenetic trees based on the PC-IGS and 16S- 23S-ITS rDNA were generated and compared. The topologies obtained for both markers were very similar, indicating that the PC-IGS marker is stable and suitable for taxonomical and phylogenetic studies in Microcystis and Geitlerinema. Therefore, the initial hypothesis of horizontal transfer was rejected. Some strains were found to have divergent positions between the trees based on the two molecular markes, witch highlights the importance of using more than one marker in phylogenetic studies. The PC-IGS marker performed better than 16S-23SITS rDNA. The Geitlerinema phylogenetic trees based on both markers indicated the occurrence of cryptic species among the strains and corroborated that G. amphibium and G. unigranulatum should be treated as synonyms. The phylogenetic tree based on PC-IGS formed a monophyletic clade... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
3

Efeito da razão carbono:nitrogênio no cultivo heterotrófico de cianobactérias unicelulares e filamentosas em vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar

Fonte, Jéssica Cristina 31 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T13:02:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCF.pdf: 2193556 bytes, checksum: 67658416b8d80c61ed4a7d39c48b586a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:47:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCF.pdf: 2193556 bytes, checksum: 67658416b8d80c61ed4a7d39c48b586a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-26T20:47:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCF.pdf: 2193556 bytes, checksum: 67658416b8d80c61ed4a7d39c48b586a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:48:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCF.pdf: 2193556 bytes, checksum: 67658416b8d80c61ed4a7d39c48b586a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Several researches suggests heterotrophic metabolism in some strains of cyanobacteria, allowing its application in the development and consumption of organic molecules and nutrients in wastewater. Vinasse is the main wastewater from sugarcane processing, both in terms of composition and volume, and this presents a considerable variation in chemical composition, directly affecting their relationship carbon:nitrogen (C/N). Aphanocapsa holsatica is a unicellular cyanobacterium with proven foto-heterotrophic growth. Geitlerinema sp it is a filamentous cyanobacterium that has the ability to form aggregates, sedimenting in culture medium. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the cultivation of cyanobacteria in sugarcane vinasse adjusted with different initial C/N ratio. The experiments were firstly set up in shake flasks for screening of the C/N ratio that allowed the largest biomass production and/or carbon and nitrogen uptakes. In the C/N ratio selected, experiments were set up in a bench bioreactor, with aeration and mixing, in addition to online monitoring of pH and gases. Results showed growth of both microorganisms to the C/N ratio range tested, with high productivities in 5 and 40 and larger carbon and nitrogen removal by Geitlerinema. In the bench bioreactor, Aphanocapsa presents low oxygen demand, carbon and nitrogen removal about 25 and 18%, respectively, and a maximum specific growth rate about five times higher (0.5 h-1) obtained in the shake flasks. For Geitlerinema sp, in C/N ratio 5 presents carbon consumer first-order kinetics, enabled high removals around 85%. Experimental data indicate the feasibility of growing in both cyanobacteria vinasse in the C N ratio range from 5 to 40, with high conversion of biomass to unicellular cyanobacterium and high carbon removal for filamentous cyanobacterium. / Diversas pesquisas indicam metabolismo heterotrófico em algumas linhagens de cianobactérias, possibilitando sua aplicação na incorporação e consumo de moléculas orgânicas e nutrientes em águas residuárias. A vinhaça constitui a principal água residuária do setor sucroenergético, tanto em termos de composição quanto de geração, sendo que esta apresenta uma considerável variação em termos de composição química, afetando diretamente a sua relação carbono:nitrogênio. Aphanocapsa holsatica é uma cianobactéria unicelular com comprovado crescimento fotoheterotrófico. Geitlerinema sp é uma cianobactéria filamentosa que apresenta a capacidade de formar agregados, sedimentando naturalmente em meios de cultivo. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o cultivo das cianobactérias em vinhaça de cana-de-açúcar ajustada com diferentes razões C/N iniciais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos primeiramente em sistema de frascos agitados para seleção da razão C/N que possibilitava a maior produção de biomassa e/ou consumo de carbono e nitrogênio do meio. Na razão C/N selecionada, foram conduzidos ensaios em biorreator de bancada, com ajuste de aeração e agitação, além do monitoramento em linha de pH e gases. Os resultados indicaram crescimento de ambos micro-organismos para a faixa de razão C/N testada, com elevadas produtividades na razão C/N 5 e 40 e maiores remoções de carbono e nitrogênio para Geitlerinema. O ensaio em biorreator de bancada com Aphanocapsa indicou baixa demanda de oxigênio, remoções de carbono e nitrogênio em biorreator da ordem de 25 e 18%, respectivamente, além de uma velocidade específica de crescimento máximo cerca de cinco vezes superior (0,5 h-1) ao obtido em frascos agitados. Para Geitlerinema sp. na razão C/N 5, cinética de consumo de carbono de primeira ordem possibilitou elevadas remoções em torno 85% em biorreator de bancada. Os dados experimentais indicam a viabilidade do cultivo de ambas cianobactérias em vinhaça na faixa de razão C/N de 5 a 40, com elevada conversão em biomassa para a cianobactéria unicelular e elevada remoção de carbono para a cianobactéria filamentosa.

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