published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

三十多年來，基於自身家屬的經驗，我一直以為傷殘家庭面對的問題是源於傷殘。之後我從文獻中發現，那更是植根健全和性別的一個社會建構。我把它們結合為「傷殘／性別」問題──既是傷殘中加入性別觀點，也是在性別裡看傷殘，更是兩者彼此並存的狀態。我將「傷殘」放置在「／」之前，是因香港較缺乏直接顛覆傷殘概念的探討。而性別交錯傷殘後，意義越見複雜。 / 2002年，結合女性主義與傷殘理論的女殘理論批評，主宰性別權力關係的父權體系，勾結宰制傷殘的「健全／傷殘」系統，把傷殘陰性化，造成雙重歧視。主流文化再現是歧視的來源之一，同時傷殘者又可自行建立「新的象徵文化」。此理論主張：「只要活得夠長命，我們終有一天會變成傷殘。」2004年，連結傷殘與酷兒理論的打殘理論則主攻健全標準：「健全操演性所要揭穿的是：健全身體的常態是本質地不存在，亦不可能具現，那麼，實際上我們都是傷殘！」理論核心「健全惑亂」企圖說穿健全概念本身才是傷殘麻煩所在。健全沒有原型，而是重覆建構的標準，交錯異性戀健全家庭霸權，形成傷殘歧視，也排斥傷殘同志。為抵抗它，我們要開拓「酷兒／殘廢新論述」。 / 兩個理論重新建立我們與傷殘的關係：傷殘不再屬於少數人的事，我們甚至要推倒健全的概念。我以它們為香港性別研究設定新位置：結合女殘和打殘，搭建「傷殘女性主義」，由傷殘及健全同時著手處理日常矛盾，直指傷殘中的父權和異性戀霸權，重申傷殘去性化的問題和傷殘酷兒家庭的新想像。我更從三個文本中反思行動的可能：分析香港主流媒體的傷殘形象，說明傷殘商品化和傷殘治理的問題；追溯香港民間傷殘團體的發展，勾勒其傷殘／性別文化歷史；探討研究員拍攝的紀錄片《金猛》，展現傷殘家庭介入的可能。 / 本研究遊走理論、運動和自身傷殘家庭經驗，屢遇挫敗。但我仍深信，傷殘／性別作為回應當下香港語境的一種「方法」──一種學術方法、一個運動策略或一項家庭改革，均具積極的社會意義。 / For more than 30 years, I used to think the problems that families with disabled members, including mine, are facing, are derived from the disabilities. But then I discovered from the literature, the construction of ability and gender is another important root of the trouble. I combine and name it as the trouble of "disability/gender". It is not only about adding gender to the disability issue, but also considering gender under the perspective of disability, with the purpose to study their coexistence. In Hong Kong, there is lack of discussion on the subversion of the concept of disability, so that "disability" is placed in front of gender. And the meaning of gender become more complicated when it intersect with "disability". / In 2002, merging Feminism into Disabilty, Feminist Disability Theory criticizes the interection of patriarchy and "ability/disability system". They feminize disability and construct the problem of double discrimation. Cultural representation is one of the sources of the discrimination. Meanwhile, people with disabilities can initiate "cutlural resymbolization'. It emphasises disability is the most human experience. If we live long enough, it touches us all. In 2004, linking the relationship between disability and Queer theory, Crip theory saids, 'the ability performativity tries to reveal: [able-bodiedness] offers normative, positions that are intrinsically impossible to embody. In fact, we are all disabled.' "Ability trouble" is the real problem of disability. There is no origin of ability. When we construct the standard of ability repeatedly under the hegemony of heterosexual abled family form, disability discrimination develop subtly. It also exile the crip-queer. In order to resist it, we should build up more 'new Queer/Cipple discourse'. / Both theories establish a new relationship of disability with us. Disability does not only belong to the minority. The concept of ability should be pulled down. In this thesis, I set up a new position for Hong Kong gender studies by integrating them, namely "Disabled Feminism". It means that we need to deal with different daily conflicts involving disability and ability, as well as to build up a new relationship. It addresses the problem of patriarchy and heterosexual hegemony, reemphasises the problem of asexualization of disability and reimages the new "crip-queer family". Then, I use three main texts to illustrate the possiblity of local action. First, by analysing the image of the disabled amongst the local media, we can see the problem of disabilization and the govermentality of disability. Secondly, by tracing the development of the organization of disability from civil society, we can map out the history of "disability/gender" in Hong Kong. Thirdly, by looking into the documentry produced by the researcher, we can explore the possibilities of intervention by the disabled family. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 黃彩鳳. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-283). / Abstracts also in English. / Huang Caifeng.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

This is a pioneering study on the construction of fatherhood in the socio-cultural context of Hong Kong. Fatherhood is constructed socially and culturally, reflected in the thinking and practice of fathers. It is defined by, and simultaneously reproduces masculinity. In this study, fatherhood is critically examined using practice theory and the concept of gender performativity. The fieldwork, carried out from 2004 to 2006, consisted primarily of participant observation in men's groups, and interviews, in particular, in-depth interviews with 30 heterosexual biological fathers from different walks of life. This study finds that fatherhood in Hong Kong is constructed within the patriarchal ideology and structure across the societal, organizational, and individual levels. Patriarchy is rooted in the history of Hong Kong and continues to exist in contemporary society. In both the colonial and post-colonial periods, notions of masculinity and fatherhood in Hong Kong are seen to be extremely conservative and they highlight the role of the state in the adoption and reproduction of patriarchal ideology. While changes towards gender equality have occurred slowly after long-term struggle, a coherent gender policy has been lacking. This has contributed to a socio-cultural environment that encourages the naturalization and normalization of the patriarchal structure and practices in the family. The recent development of the "new good men" notion (in which men were redefined to be loving husbands, and caring fathers who shared housework and were involved with children) was found to be a front and was utilized as a means to resurrect men's power and status in the family. Three main paternal responsibilities were identified, namely economic provision, education, as well as establishing and maintaining a child-oriented family through marriage. In carrying out these responsibilities, men enjoyed the privileges and hegemony legitimized in the social structure. Failure in fulfilling the structural requirements resulted in the disruption of paternal power and masculinity but not subversion to the hegemonic structure. / Liong, Chan Ching Mario. / Adviser: Siumi Maria Tam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 346-375). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Literary and Cultural Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Tang Wai Man. / Thesis submitted in: June 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-196). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Introduction / Background / Literature Review / Methodology / The Contribution of this Thesis / The Structure of the Thesis / Personal Statement / Chapter 2 --- The Formation of the Gay Christian Identity (I) --- p.46 / Acquiring a Christian Identity vs. Acquiring a Gay Identity in Hong Kong ´ؤ A Comparison of the Processes / Case Studies - Facing the Gay Identity in the Hong Kong Context / Reasons for Entering the Liminal Stage / Chapter 3 --- The Formation of the Gay Christian Identity (II) --- p.74 / Separation / Transition / Reincorporation / Conclusion / Chapter 4 --- The Individual Expression of the Gay Christian Identity --- p.104 / Changing Attitudes towards God and their Subsequent Expression / Changing Attitudes towards Sexuality and their Subsequent Expression / Conclusion / Chapter 5 --- The Group Dynamics of the BMCF (I) --- p.132 / Maintaining the Differences with Outsiders / Chapter 6 --- The Group Dynamics of the BMCF (II) --- p.155 / Maintaining Unity in the BMCF / A Conflict between the Conservative and the Liberal in BMCF / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.182 / Conclusion / Hong Kong Gay Christians and Modernity / Future Prospects of Hong Kong Gay Christians / Bibliography --- p.194

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

by Chen Siu-ling Eve. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-90). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Chen Siu-ling Eve. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Gender Research in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Gender Role Orientation, Adjustment and Psychological Well-being" --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Objectives and Significance --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions and Terminology / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Defining Sex and Gender --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Defining Gender Role Orientation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Defining Gender Type --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Defining Gender Stereotypes --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Defining Depressive Symptoms and School Misbehaviors --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Conceptualization / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Adolescent Development and Psychological Adjustment --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gender Type and Adjustment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Gender Stereotypes and Adjustment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Gender Typing and Adjustment --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Gender Typing and Emotion Expression Socialization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Gender Role and Adjustment --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- Chinese Culture and Adjustment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3 --- Gender Role Orientation Differences in Psychological Well-being --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Masculinity, Femininity and Psychological Well-being" --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5 --- Research Questions --- p.40 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESEARCH METHOD --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1 --- Subjects --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Procedures --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- Instruments / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Gender Role Orientation --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Depressive Symptoms --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- School Misbehaviors --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Analyses of the Categorical Variables / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Gender Role Orientation Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Gender Type Differences in Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2 --- Analyses of the Continuous Variables / Chapter 4.2.1 --- "Relations among Masculinity, Femininity, Depressive Symptoms and Misbehaviors" --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- DISCUSSION --- p.64 / Chapter 5.1 --- Answers to the Research Questions / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Which Gender Role Orientation Adjusts Better Generally? --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Which Gender Type Adjusts Better Specifically? --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Which Adjustment Theory is Best Applied to Adolescentsin the Chinese Society of Hong Kong? --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Do Depressive Symptoms and School Misbehaviors Predict Each Other? --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Does Masculinity or Femininity Act as a Predictor of Adjustment? --- p.69 / Chapter 5.2 --- Educational Implications of Research Findings / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Gender Education Programmes --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Single Sex Schooling --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- Contributions --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5 --- Directions for Future Research --- p.77 / REFERENCES --- p.79 / APPENDIX --- p.91

Kam Yip Lo Lucetta. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-207). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION: THE GENDERS THAT HAVE NO NAMES --- p.1 / After the Title: Some Linguistic Troubles --- p.2 / Who are masculine women? --- p.4 / Research Areas --- p.5 / Methodology --- p.6 / Informants --- p.11 / Relations: Informants and the Researcher --- p.18 / Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.21 / Overview --- p.22 / Ethnographic Studies --- p.27 / Queer Studies --- p.30 / Chinese Gender Studies --- p.36 / Living Genders in Contexts --- p.39 / Chapter THREE --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.41 / The Sex/Gender Framework --- p.43 / The Destabilization of Sex --- p.47 / The Gender Which is Performative --- p.51 / The Identity Forever in Motion --- p.56 / After the Earthquake: Birth at the Rupture --- p.62 / Chapter FOUR --- GENDER DISCOURSES IN HONG KONG --- p.65 / The Cultural Superiority of Masculinity --- p.71 / Tomboy as a Phase Before Mature Femininity --- p.74 / The Degenderization of Ageing Women --- p.75 / Masculine women are lesbians --- p.78 / Defeminization as a Protective Strategy Against Male Sexual Assault --- p.80 / Women with a plain and practical dressing style are the capable work type --- p.83 / Masculine women are easy-going and can be buddies to both sexes --- p.85 / Failed Adulthood --- p.86 / Failed Womanhood --- p.86 / Women dress and behave like men are pathological beings --- p.88 / Women dress and behave like men want to be men and be a rival to men --- p.89 / Negotiations in the Media --- p.90 / Chapter FIVE --- TACKLING LABELS： PUBLIC NAMES AND SELF RECOGNITIONS --- p.99 / The Public Labels --- p.100 / Self Recognitions --- p.108 / Chapter SIX --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES： NEGOTIATIONS IN FAMILY AND THE PUBLIC --- p.119 / Family --- p.120 / Public Mis-recognition --- p.148 / Chapter SEVEN --- ACCOMMODATING MASCULINITIES: NEGOTIATIONS IN LOVE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS --- p.162 / Courting Relationship --- p.162 / Social Networks --- p.169 / Chapter EIGHT --- RECOGNITIONS THROUGH MIS-RECONGTION --- p.191 / The Engendering Process --- p.192 / Theory and Living Practices --- p.194 / The Mere Facts of Mis-recognition --- p.197 / New Significations of Masculinity --- p.198 / Bibliography --- p.201 / Appendix 1: Profile of the Researcher --- p.208 / Appendix 2: Negotiating Gender: An On-going Dialogue Between Selves --- p.211