No description available.

Kirchtürme und Zunfthäuser, Marktplätze und enge – oft verdreckte – Gassen zeichnen unser modernes Bild der mittelalterlichen Stadt. Dieser „Ort“ war Forum und Zentrum des mittelalterlichen Lebens, dessen Vielfalt und Komplexität sich für uns wie durch ein Brennglas beobachten lässt. Dieser Band in der Reihe „Perspektiven historischen Denkens“ thematisiert die „städtische Freiheit“ unter geschichtsdidaktischen Aspekten. Junge Autorinnen und Autoren stellen hierin schülerzentrierte und narrative Lernarrangements vor, die mit quellengestützten Arbeitsmaterialien multiperspektivische Zugänge zur Thematik „Freiheit am Beispiel der mittelalterlichen Stadt“ (RLP Berlin-Brandenburg) ermöglichen. Vorweg gestellte Informationstexte gestatten den Lehrerinnen und Lehrern einen leichtverständlich und fachlich fundierten Einblick in die Thematik und lohten das methodisch-didaktische Potential der Lernarrangements aus. Im sich anschließenden Materialteil können Sie als Lehrkraft aus dem breiten Text- und Bildfundus eine für ihren individuellen Unterricht angepasste Auswahl treffen und ihre Schüler für einen kurzweiligen und handlungsorientierten Unterricht begeistern.

Im Mittelpunkt des fünften Bandes der Reihe Perspektiven historischen Denkens und Lernens steht eine Epoche des Umbruchs und des Überganges, die Frühe Neuzeit. Traditionelle historische Begriffe werden auf den Prüfstand neuerer Forschungsansätze gestellt. Der französischen Revolution werden neue Aspekte beigefügt, wie die Mentalitätsgeschichte. Auch die Amerikanische Revolution nimmt einen gebührenden Platz ein. Ganz neue Facetten der Geschichte enthält das abschließende Kapitel zur Kulturgeschichte. / In the centre of the fifth volume of the book series “Perspectives of Historical Thinking and Learning” we find an era of changes and upheaval, the early modern age. Traditional historic concepts are being analysed and based on current approaches of this field of research. New aspects are being added to the French Revolution, like the history of mentality. Also the American Revolution claims her due position. The final chapter presents us with some fully new facings of history.

<p> Historic Preservation is a continuous movement. Preservationists are responsible for the expansion of the National Register of Historic Places, as well as the care of historic buildings already listed on the National Register. This thesis explores historic preservation in Lafayette, Louisiana. The thesis is a two-part process. First, the individually listed properties on the National Register were re-evaluated to ensure that their condition is current in the nomination. Secondly, historic preservation involves discovering potential new historic properties. This process involved surveying a historic neighborhood or property. For this thesis, the survey included the historic neighborhood known locally as Freetown. The process of re-evaluation led to the discovery that certain historic buildings were altered or moved, and others are endangered. The surveys revealed an intact historic neighborhood with a sense of community that could one day be a National Historic District.</p>

<p> This Public History thesis examines the role that historic cemeteries play in preservation in urban southeast Louisiana by looking at their place on the National Register of Historic Places, analyzing three case studies of past preservation efforts, and narrating the history of a historic African American cemetery and nominating it for the National Register of Historic Places. In Chapters One and Two, I focus on the 1960s and 1970s National Register and specific preservation efforts for historic cemeteries. In Chapter Three I argue that historic cemeteries are important to local history, specifically the importance of Sweet Olive to the African American history of Baton Rouge, and I submitted a nomination for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. I collected newspapers, land records, and preservationist's papers to present a history of cemetery preservation in southeast Louisiana and prepared the nomination to be involved in its future.</p>

CONTENTS -- PREFACE Xlll -- CHAPTER ONE -- From Wealth to a Pauper's Grave -- 1. The Family and Youth of Claude Francis Poullart des Places -- (pg. 1) -- 2. A Twenty-Four Year Old Founder of a Seminary and Congregation -- (pg. 7) -- A Humble Beginning, p. 7; Poullart des Places and St Louis de Montfort, p. 11; Ordination to Priesthood and Death, p. 11 -- 3. A Mystique of Poverty and Evangelical Availability -- (pg. 13) -- CHAPTER TWO -- The "Golden Age" of Father Louis Bouic, 1710-1763. -- PART one: Survival and Growth -- 1. Confidence in the Young -- (pg. 20) -- 2. Continuing Relations with St Louis de Montfort -- (pg. 21) -- 3. The Struggle for Legal Recognition: on the Edge of Suppression -- (pg. 23) -- 4. Early Growth of the Society -- (pg. 28) -- 5. A Furious Battle with the Jansenists -- (pg. 30) -- 6. Opening the Gateway to Foreign Missions -- (pg. 32) -- 7. Missions in the Quebec Region -- (pg. 36) -- The Seminary of Quebec, p. 36; Parishes in the Quebec Region, p. 39. -- CHAPTER THREE -- The "Golden Age" of Father Louis Bouic. -- PART two: Acadian and Indian Missions, 1735- 1763. -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 41) -- 2. Father Maillard, the Apostle of the Micmacs -- (pg. 44) -- His Linguistic Achievements, p. 44; Conflict with the Recollects, p. 46; Chaplain of Braves on the Warpath, p. 47. -- 3. John Le Loutre, the Father of the Acadians -- (pg. 49) -- First Labors, p. 49; Warfare and Capture, p. 49; The Murder of Captain How, p. 54; New Hopes, p. 57; Betrayal, p. 58; The Fall of Beaséjour, p. 60. -- 4. The "Grand Dérangement" -- (pg. 61) -- The Capture and Deportation of Priests from Nova Scotia, p. 61; The Chaplain of Hunted Men: Father Le Guerne, p. 63; Surrender of Father Maillard, p. 67; Father Manach Falls into a Trap, p. 71; The Treacherous Capture and Deportation of Father Cocquart, p. 72. -- 5. After the Deportation -- (pg. 73) -- Maillard, the Sole Priest in Nova Scotia, p. 73; The Deathbed "Conversion" of Father Maillard to the Anglican Church, p. 74; Disappearance of Father Cocquart, p. 76; Father Le Loutre and the Acadian Refugees, p. 77; Scoundrels or Heroes?, p. 79. -- CHAPTER FOUR -- From the Suppression of the Jesuits to the French Revolution, 1793-1801 -- 1. Father Becquet as Superior General -- (pg. 86) -- 2. The Revolution in France -- (pg. 94) -- 3. Acadian and Indian Missions -- (pg. 96) -- The Miquelon Islands: Settled, Wrecked; Resettled and Wrecked Again, p. 96; On the Mainland and Adjacent Islands: Indian Threats and Their Results, p. 100; Two Little Deportees, p. 101; "In Journeyings Often," p. 102; Father Bourg Averts Indian Revolt, p. 103; Emancipation of Catholics in Halifax, p. 104; Cape Breton and the Magdalen Islands, p. 105. -- 4. Stranded on the Wrong Continent: First Mission in Africa -- (pg. 106) -- The Senegal Mission, p. 109. -- 5. The Guiana Mission -- (pg. 111) -- Negroes and Indians, p. 112; The Revolution in Guiana, p. 114. -- 6. Concluding Remarks: How Many Spiritan Missionaries? -- (pg. 119) -- CHAPTER FIVE -- Years of Crisis, 1802-1848 -- 1. Imperial Intrigue: First Restoration -- (pg. 121) -- 2. Imperial Suppression and Royal Restoration -- (pg. 124) -- A Furious Emperor, p. 124; The King Acts, p. 126; Student Demonstrations, p. 127; Approval by Holy See, p. 128. -- 3. New Dangers and Trials -- (pg. 129) -- Episcopal Raiders, p. 129; Political Turmoil, p. 131; On the Verge of Extinction Again, p. 132. -- 4. "I Have Not Yet Begun to Fight" -- (pg. 134) -- The Army Moves Out, p. 135; Reinforced Staff, p. 136; Battle for Subsidies, p. 137. -- 5. A Crisis of Authority — "The Ghost of Napoleon” -- (pg. 138) -- 6. Premature Funeral Discourses -- (pg. 142) -- Trouble with the "Libermannists," p. 143; Re-organization, p. 145; Roman Sensitivities and Suspicions, p. 147; Further Reforms, p. 149. -- 7. Revolution and A New Threat of Suppression -- (pg. 150) -- 8. A Savior from the Indian Ocean -- (pg. 151) -- 9. An Inferior and Corrupt Clergy? -- (pg. 154) -- CHAPTER SIX -- One Jew and Two Creoles: Francis Libermann and His Congregation of the Holy Heart of Mary -- 1. His Early Life -- (pg. 166) -- 2. The Foundation of the Congregation of the Holy Heart of Mary -- (pg. 167) -- First Origins, p. 167; Voyage to Rome, p. 170; Encouragement by propaganda, p. 171; Ordained a Priest, p. 172; Opening of the Novitiate, p. 173. -- 3. The Resumption of the African Missions -- (pg. 174) -- The Old African Missions, p. 175; American Efforts, p. 180; Libermann and the New Mission, p. 182; Departure of the Expedition, p. 184; Disaster Strikes, p. 185; "We Will Never Abandon Those Poor People," p. 189; Reinforcements Sent, p. 190; Expansion at Home, p. 192; On the Brink of a New Disaster, p. 193. -- 4. The Australian Venture -- (pg. 195) -- CHAPTER SEVEN -- "Under New Management": Father Libermann as Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Ghost -- 1. The Merger -- (pg. 200) -- 2. Re-organization -- (pg. 206) -- Irate Confreres, p. 207; An Angry Archbishop, p. 209; A Snake in the Grass, p. 211; Breaking the Bureaucratic Stranglehold, p. 213. -- 3. Expanding Horizons -- (pg. 216) -- Educational Work, p. 216; Social Works, p. 209; A Solid Home Base, p. 221; Respecting Each One's Personal Vocation, p. 222. -- 4. "A Light to the Nations" -- (pg. 223) -- 5. Some Fellow Workers of the First Hour -- (pg. 226) -- a. The Man Who Did Everything Wrong: Blessed James Laval, 1803-1864, p. 226. -- b. The Extremist: Frederick Le Vavasseur, 1811-1882, p. 233. -- c. An Inexperienced Diplomat in a Chaotic Situation: Eugene Tisserant, 1814-1845, p. 238. -- d. The Savage: Stanislaus Arragon, 1819-1855, p. 242. -- CHAPTER EIGHT -- The Driving Force of the Congregation: Libermann's Spiritual and Apostolic Doctrine -- 1. Libermann's Spiritual Doctrine – (pg. 247) -- 2. Libermann's Principles of Evangelization -- (pg. 251) -- Preconditions of All Apostolate: Freedom of Conscience and Openness to the World, p. 252; The Church as Mission, p. 253; Purpose of Missions: Local Churches and Native Leadership, p. 254; Evangelization and Civilization, p. 257; Means of Evangelization, p. 260; Relations with Civil Authorities, p. 262. -- CHAPTER NINE -- "Like a Young Tree Planted Near Running Waters": 1852-1895 -- A. The Schwindenhammer Era: 1852-1881 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 265) -- 2. "The Two Guineas" -- (pg. 267) -- Conflict with Bishop Kobes, p. 267; Welcome Aid, p. 269; First Efforts South of the Equator, p. 270. -- 3. The Opening Phase of the Evangelization of East Africa -- (pg. 271) -- 4. Juvenile Dehnquents and Orphans -- (pg. 274) -- 5. Educational Works -- (pg. 276) -- 6. Internationalization -- (pg. 278) -- Ireland: First Contacts and First Foundations, p. 278; The Scottish Lawsuit, p. 279; Development of Blackrock College, p. 281. Germany: About Ships and Emigrants, p. 282; Of Wayward Youths and "Diaspora" Catholics, p. 283; An Old Abbey and Pig-headed Politicians, p. 285; Jesuitical Spawn, p. 287; Postmortem, p. 290. Portugal, p. 291. The United States: Earliest Contacts, p. 292; First Foundations, p. 293; The "Duke of Arkansas," p. 295. -- 7. The End of the Schism in Haiti -- (pg. 296) -- 8. France: Thunder in the Distance and the Thunder of Guns -- (pg. 299) -- Thunder in the Distance, p. 299; The Thunder of Guns, p. 302. -- 9. Internal Rumblings – (pg. 304) -- Authoritarianism, p. 304; Uniformity, p. 305; A "Palace Revolt" That Failed, p. 307; Appeal to Rome, p. 310; Subduing the General Chapter, p. 311. -- B. The Emonet Period: 1882-1895 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 314) -- 2. The Restoration of the German Province -- (pg. 315) -- Failed Efforts, p. 315; Daniel in the Lion's Den, p. 316. -- 3. The Drive to the Interior of Africa -- (pg. 319) -- From Senegal to Timbuktu, p. 320; To "the Heart of Africa Below the Equator," p. 322; Blocked in the East, p. 326; The Race in the Congo, p. 328; Conflict with Cardinal Lavigerie, p. 332; From the Atlantic to the Borders of Sudan, p. 335. -- 4. A Humble Start in Nigeria -- (pg. 336) -- 5. Departures, Voluntary and Forced -- (pg. 339 -- Withdrawal from French India, p. 339; Expulsion from Guiana, p. 340; Exit from the Miquelon Islands, p. 341. -- 6. "The Power of Taxation is the Power of Extermination" -- (pg. 342 -- CHAPTER TEN -- On Course Despite Storms and Tempests: The Generalate Of Archbishop Le Roy, 1896-1926 -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 344) -- A Bewildered Man Under Fire, p. 344; Election of a Strong Personality, p. 345; A Program, p. 347. -- 2. France -- (pg. 349) -- On the Brink of Disaster, p. 349; Combes' Persecution, p. 352; Partial Exile, p. 353. -- 3. The 1910 Revolution in Portugal -- (pg. 354) -- The Gathering Storm, p. 354; The Revolution, p. 355. -- 4. The Start of New Provinces -- (pg. 357) -- Belgium, p. 357; The Netherlands, p. 358; Great Britain, p. 360; Canada, p. 361; Switzerland, p. 363; Poland, p. 364. -- 5. Germany, Ireland and the United States -- (pg. 365) -- Germany: The Reign of the Thundering Abbot, p. 365; Ireland: Free at Last, p. 370; The United States: Duquesne University, a Struggle for Subsidies, p. 370; Working Among Involuntary Immigrants, p. 372. -- 6. Disasters, Natural and Man-made -- (pg. 373) -- The Eruption of Mont-Pele, p. 373; World War I, p. 376; The Shipwreck of the "Afrique," p. 377 -- 7. "A Battle Lost and a Battle Won" -- (pg. 378) -- The Old French Colonies, p. 378; Haiti and Trinidad, p. 380; The Russian College, p. 381. -- 8. Latin America: From Academe to the Green Hall -- (pg. 381) -- 9. Africa -- (pg. 385) -- Return to the Belgian Congo, p. 385; Repercussions of the Portuguese Revolution in Angola, p. 386; Return to the Cameroons, p. 387; A Conflict in Kenya, p. 388; Withdrawal from Spanish Guinea, p. 389; Return to the South Africa, p. 390; Effects of French Religious Persecution, p. 391; Return to Madagascar, p. 391. -- 10. Sisters and Brothers -- (pg. 392) -- CHAPTER ELEVEN -- Agonies and Ecstacies: From the Mid-Twenties To Vatican Council Two (1926-1962) -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 395) -- 2. The Affair of the "Action Frangaise" -- (pg. 396) -- 3. "The Father of Orphans": Daniel Brottier -- (pg. 401) -- 4. Nazi Persecution in Germany -- (pg. 404) -- 5. World War Two: 1939- 1945 -- (pg. 409) -- 6. The End of the Beginning -- (pg. 410) -- 7. Africa -- (pg. 412) -- The Forward Surge in South- Eastern Nigeria, p. 412; A Change of Heart Among the Aduma (Gabon), p. 414; High Tide in Cameroons, p. 415; Congo Messianism, p. 418; The Kongolo Massacre, p. 421. -- 8. America: North, South and in Between -- (pg. 425) -- Canada and U.S. A. p. 425; The West Indies, p. 427; Latin America, 428. -- 9. Spain -- (pg. 431) -- CHAPTER TWELVE -- The Spiritan Apostolate in Africa, 1842-1962. A Retrospect -- 1. Introduction -- (pg. 432) -- 2. Economic Activity -- (pg. 433) -- Plantations and Agriculture, p. 434; Technical and Schools and Workshops, p. 436. -- 3. Educational and Scientific Endeavors -- (pg. 437) -- Bush Schools and Standard Grade Schools, p. 437; Secondary Schools and Colleges, p. 438; Negative Aspects, p. 439; Scientific Work, p. 440. -- 4. Works of Christian Charity -- (pg. 444) -- Care of the Sick, p. 444; Liberation of Slaves, p. 445; An Obstacle to Christianization?, p. 445. -- 5. Catholic Press and Youth Organizations -- (pg. 446) -- 6. Effective Evangelical Presence -- (pg. 448) -- Preaching the Gospel and Baptizing, p. 449; Building a Christian Commuity, p. 451. -- 7. Active Role of Africans in the Growth of Their Churches -- (pg. 457) -- Material Support of the Church, p. 457; The Lay Apostolate, p. 459; Religious Men and Women, p. 461 (Brothers, p. 461; Married Brothers, p. 462; Sisters, p. 463); African Clergy, p. 464 (Bishops, p. 466). -- 8. Mission and Colonialism -- (pg. 466) -- Precolonial Period, p. 466; The Scramble for Colonies, p. 467; The Colonial Era, p. 471. -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN -- The Challenge of a New World-in-the-making, 1962-1980 -- 1. Transition -- (pg. 475) -- A General Crisis, p. 475; Chapters and Orientations, p. 476. -- 2. Intermezzo. "Full Speed Astern": The Lefebvre Affair -- (pg. 478) -- 3. New Directions Diminishing Membership, p. 481; Third World Contributions, p. 489 (Sharing the Missionary Charism in Africa, p. 489; In Latin America and the West Indies, p. 491; Lay Volunteers and New Forms of Membership, p. 492; Changing Configuration, p. 494). -- 4. "A New Era in the History of Africa's Evangelization," -- (pg. 495) -- "Blacks Issue Orders," p. 496; "Missionaries Are Still Needed," p. 497; "Its Own Church Discipline in Certain Respects," p. 498; "African Theology, Philosophy and Liturgy," p. 500. -- 5. Civil War in Nigeria, 1967- 1970 -- (pg. 501) -- Role of the Irish Spiritans During the War, p. 503. (Concern of the Churches, p. 504; Airlift and Starvation, p. 505); After the Defeat, p. 507. -- 6. Angola -- (pg. 510) -- From Colony to Marxist Republic, p. 510; The Church Toward the End of the Colonial Era, p. 511; An African Church in Independent Angola, p. 515. -- 7. Guinea -- (pg. 518) -- 8. The Turbulent World of Latin America -- (pg. 519) -- Brazil, p. 520; Paraguay, p. 520; Peru and Mexico, p. 521; Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique, p. 521; Puerto Rico, p. 521; Haiti: Expulsion and Withdrawal, p. 521 -- INDEX CHAPTER -- (pg. 523) -- BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ABBREVIATIONS -- (pg. 546)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Lehigh University, 2006. / Adviser: Jean R. Soderlund.

Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Zentrum für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im ersten Band dieser Reihe zeichnet Brigitte Heidenhain die Geschichte der Juden in Wriezen nach, welche 1677 einsetzte und 1940 mit ihrer Vertreibung und Ermordung endete. Zahlreiche, zumeist bislang unbeachtete Quellen des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts aus brandenburgischen und Berliner Archiven lassen die Auswirkungen der preußischen Judenpolitik im Leben des Einzelnen und der Gemeinde lebendig vor uns erstehen. Im 18. Jahrhundert war die Existenz der Wriezener Juden vom Kampf um die Aufenthaltserlaubnis und gegen drohende Verarmung geprägt. Die im 19. Jahrhundert neu gewonnene Niederlassungsfreiheit brachte eine Vergrößerung der jüdischen Gemeinde mit sich und gegen Ende des Jahrhunderts eine leichte Verbesserung der wirtschaftlichen Lage. Über das schnelle und vollständige Ende jüdischen Lebens in Wriezen nach 1938 gibt es kaum schriftliche Informationen. Die wichtigste Quelle ist die Datenbank der Gedächtnisstätte JadwaSchem in Jerusalem. In ihr wird die Erinnerung an 56 namentlich bekannte ermordete Wriezener Juden aufbewahrt. Der Band wird mit der Beschreibung des seit 1730 existierenden jüdischen Friedhofes und der Erfassung der hebräischen Grabinschriften abgeschlossen. / The history of jews in Wriezen begins in 1677, shortly after Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm allowed jews to settle in Brandenburg again through his edict of 1671. However, during the whole of the 18th century Prussian policy toward jews was extremely restrictive . The results of this policy are clearly visible in the life of the jews of Wriezen: they always remained a small congregation since this was the will of the king for small towns. Life was dominated by the struggle for the right of residence. Status as "Schutzjude" (i.e. "Protected Jew") was restricted to few individuals, leading to the separation of families as younger siblings were forced to leave. State regulated economic policy strongly restricted the freedom of trade, the main source of income for the jews, leading to the impoverishment of most jewish families in Wriezen. In the 18th century, there was no organized congregational activity. This only developed in the course of the 19th century. The jews of Wriezen built their first synagogue in 1820, replacing it with a new and larger one in 1886. The emancipation edict of 1812 improved the general situation of individuals and the new freedom of movement led to an influx of jews to Wriezen. But full legal equality with other citizens was not achieved until the German Empire was founded in 1871. In the first half of the 19th century, the economic situation of the jews of Wriezen was still quite modest, only improving toward the end of the century. There were numerous fluctuations in the membership of the jewish community in the last decades of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. But the number of jewish inhabitants of Wriezen remained relatively constant at 100 -120 individuals. There is hardly any written information on the sudden and complete end of jewish life in Wriezen after 1938. At least 59 jewish citizens of Wriezen were deported and murdered between 1940 and 1945. The victims are commemorated in the public database of the Yad-VaShem Memorial in Jerusalem. There has been a jewish cemetery in Wriezen since 1730, in which 131 gravestones still survive today. The oldest dates back to 1773, the last is from 1940.

Pri ha-Pardes (Früchte des Obstgartens) ist eine Reihe der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V., welche in Verbindung mit dem Institut für Jüdische Studien der Universität Potsdam publiziert wird. Pri ha-Pardes möchte kleineren wissenschaftlichen Studien, Forschungen am Rande der großen Disziplinen und exzellenten Masterarbeiten eine Publikationsplattform bieten. Im dritten Band der Reihe Pri ha-Pardes beleuchtet Christoph Kühn das Leben jüdischer Delinquenten im frühneuzeitlichen Deutschland. Jüdische Delinquenten lebten – in unterschiedlichem Maße – am Rande sowohl der christlichen als auch der jüdischen Gesellschaft. Diese doppelte Marginalisierung wird in dem vorliegenden Band untersucht. Die Frühe Neuzeit ist eine Epoche, in der sich das jüdische Leben meist außerhalb urbaner Zentren abspielte, die Epoche des Landjudentums. Ein Resultat ökonomischer und sozialer Restriktionen waren umherziehende Gruppen von Betteljuden, aus denen sich wiederum Teile der jüdischen Delinquenten rekrutierten. Jüdische Sozialeinrichtungen waren für die oft überregional agierenden delinquenten Juden eine lebensnotwenige Infrastruktur. Jedoch nicht alle Delinquenten gehörten zu den Nichtsesshaften. Die Verbundenheit zur jüdischen Gemeinschaft blieb meist bestehen, auch wenn das „Gaunerleben“ nicht immer von großer Frömmigkeit geprägt war. Für jüdische Gemeinden war es nicht einfach, zwischen ehrbaren und delinquenten Juden zu unterscheiden. Im Falle einer Missetat reichten die Reaktionen von öffentlicher Rüge bis zum großen Bann. Seitens der christlichen Obrigkeit wurden gegen Juden keine spezifischen Strafen verhängt, obgleich negative Vorstellungen von einer „typisch jüdischen“ Delinquenz virulent waren.

Aus dem Inhalt: Ende der siebziger Jahre kam aus Krakau eine sensationelle Nachricht: Der lange verlorengeglaubte Nachlaß von August Varnhagen von Ense, in dem sich auch die Briefe seiner Frau Rahel, geborene Levin, befinden, wurde in der Jagiellonen-Bibliothek wiedergefunden. Dadurch ergab sich für alle Interessierten - Germanisten, Judaisten, Historiker - erneut die Möglichkeit, in authentische Zeugnisse der deutsch-jüdischen Kultur des 19. Jahrhunderts Einblick zu nehmen. Sowohl die Varnhagen-Forschung als auch das damit zusammenhängende Interesse an den jüdischen Frauen der deutschen Romantik hat dadurch neue Impulse erhalten. Dies ist ein erfreuliches Beispiel fruchtbarer kultureller Wechselbeziehungen im Dreieck zwischen Deutschen, Polen und Juden. Aber es gibt auch anderes: Wenn man heute durch Polen fährt, kann man auf den Mauern die in deutscher Sprache (!) gepinselten Parolen »Juden raus!« lesen. Damit wären wir in medias res, denn die Geschichte der drei so eng miteinander verbundenen Völker ist gekennzeichnet durch wechselvolle, meist konfliktreiche Koexistenz, die aber trotzdem für alle Beteiligten kulturell sehr bereichernd sein kann.