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Alcanivorax species are gram negative bacteria that usually require aliphatic hydrocarbon as the sole carbon source for growth. The ability to use petroleum in polluted environments as energy source makes Alcanivorax species biotechnologically relevant in bioremediation. Universal stress proteins confer ability to respond to unfavourable environments, thus the present study was done to analyse the genomic context of genes for universal stress proteins in Alcanivorax genomes. A combination of bioinformatics and visual analytics approaches were used to analyze genome-enabled data including sequences and gene expression datasets. On the basis of transcription unit and adjacent genes, two types of Alcanivorax USP genes observed were (i) adjacent to cyclic nucleotide-binding and oxygen sensing functions; and (ii) adjacent to sulfate transporter function. Both types of genes encode two universal stress protein domains (pfam00582) also referred to as tandem-type universal stress proteins. The sequence and structural characteristics of each of the four USP domains in Alcanivorax needs to be further investigated. This dissertation research evaluated data from Alcanivorax borkumensis cells (grown on either pyruvate or hexadecane as carbon source) that were stressed with 1-octanol and data collected at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min and 90 min after 1-octanol addition. The two genes for Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 universal stress proteins, ABO_1340 and ABO_1511, had the same direction of expression for adjacent genes. A limitation of this research was that findings based on bioinformatics and visual analytics methods may need confirmation by molecular methods. The differences observed may also reflect the quality of the annotations provided for genes. The sequence and structural characteristics of each of the four USP domains in Alcanivorax needs to be further investigated. Further research is needed on the relationship between number, length and order of genes in operons that include genes for universal stress proteins. Additionally, in vitro studies to confirm the functional prediction made from the genomic context of the universal stress protein in Alcanivorax genome. The knowledge discovered from this genome context analytics research could contribute to improving the performance of Alcanivorax species in bioremediation of environments polluted with petroleum / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

Os fatores genéticos e o meio ambiente são pontos relevantes no que tange a capacidade física do ser humano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o genótipo dos genes, ACTN3 e da ACE I/D, em lutadores de alto rendimento na modalidade de percussão. Neste estudo fizeram parte do conjunto amostral 15 atletas de alto rendimento da esportes de combate e arte marcial, sendo sendo 6 lutadores de Karatê, 4 lutadores de Taekwondo, 4 lutadores de Muay Thai e 1 lutador de Boxe, todos do sexo masculino com idade média de 25,06 anos, com experiência nacional e internacional em suas respectivas modalidades e categorias de peso. A genotipagem dos polimorfismos do ACTN3 e ACE I/D foi realizada por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) a partir do DNA genômico. As frequências genotípicas e alélicas foram comparadas com populações controle e de atletas pelos testes do Qui-Quadrado, e exato de Fisher, para todas as análises foi adotado p˂0,05. Os resultados obtidos para as frequências genotípicas e alélicas do ACTN3 (RR=35,71%,RX=57,14% e XX=7,14%; R=64,28% e X=33,71%) e do ACE I/D (DD=30,76%, ID=50,84% e II=15,36%; D=65,2% e I=34,8%) não diferiram significativamente da população controle e com estudos relacionados a força. Em conclusão os dados da presente pesquisa seguem os padrões esperados para população no que tange a frequência genotípicas e em sua distribuição alélica nos genes da ACTN3 e da ACE I/D com lutadores de percussão. / Genetic factors and the environment are relevant points regarding the physical capacity of the human being. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotype of genes, ACTN3 and ACE I / D with fighters in high yield in the form of percussion. In this study were part of the sample set of 15 high-level athletes in combat sports and martial arts, 6 fighters from Karate, 4 fighters Taekwondo, 4 fighters Muay Thai and 1 boxing. All fighters being present, all males with average age of 25.06 years with national and international experience in their respective weight classes and methods. Genotyping of polymorphisms of ACTN3 and ACE I / D was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chain from the genomic DNA. The genotypic and allelic frequencies were compared with control populations and athletes by Qui-Quadrado and Fisher exact tests for all analyzes was adopted P=0.05. The results obtained for genotypic and allelic frequencies of ACTN3 (RR = 35.71%, 57.14% and RX = XX = 7.14%; R = X = 64.28% and 33.71%) and ACE I / D (DD = 30.76%, 50.84% and ID = II = 15.36%; D = I = 65.2% and 34.8%) did not differ significantly from the control population e power sports In conclusion the data of this study follow the expected population in relation to genotypic and allelic frequency distribution in the ACTN3 gene and ACE I / D fighters of percussion.