On the eve of 1920, the U.S. recording industry had been through a number of near-fatal economic downturns since its precarious emergence in the 1890s, and yet stood on the verge of its most influential decade to date. Already in its short history, the recording industry had nearly ceased to exist in the 1890s, saved itself by transforming the phonograph from office machine to nickel-in-the-slot novelty, survived the first of many format wars to come, and reinvented itself by introducing the phonograph into American homes. During the 1920s and 1930s, the recording industry participated in creating genre categories and identifying audiences for music that had previously gone unrecorded. By concentrating on both industry giants (Victor, Columbia) and smaller labels that were key to industry trends (Gennett, Paramount, Okeh), this dissertation's working hypothesis is that a new mode of production in the recording industry between the world wars -- based both on previous business strategies and new market conditions -- allowed a few large corporations to develop into a highly organized industry. This relationship between genre (understood as a configuration of social, cultural, ideological, and aesthetic beliefs) and mode of production (in its most concrete sense, how a given company operates) has continued to be an important one to the record industry, because with each new genre and sub-genre the industry has the potential to connect with underserved or unrecognized audiences. By combining industrial history with cultural analysis, this dissertation analyzes institutional cultures at various record companies and the contributions of musicians and various cultural intermediaries who helped shape U. S. popular music beginning in the early twentieth century. The central questions to which I continually return are: How did the consolidation of the recording industry into distinct company cultures shape the records that were made? What role did these cultures play in the shaping of genres, in terms of both creative control and technological formats? And finally, how do these various aspects interrelate in the context of the recording industry -- both as an industry involved in manufacturing culture and reflecting its own participation as a cultural institution? / text

Este trabalho busca investigar o processo de formação do romance enquanto gênero literário na Inglaterra do século XVIII, a partir do paradigma estabelecido por Henry Fielding (1707-1754) em TOM JONES (1749), bem como suas reverberações no processo de formação do romance brasileiro em meados do século XIX, através do exame de MEMÓRIAS DE UM SARGENTO DE MILÍCIAS(1854), de Manuel Antônio de Almeida (1831-1861). Propomos que TOM JONES incorpora em sua composição uma tensão entre as chamadas esferas da essência e da aparência, ou entre o âmbito interior, privado e individual frente àquele do exterior, público e inerente ao mundo das convenções sociais, o que remete não apenas ao momento de formação do gênero em questão, mas também às condições históricas do meio onde o romance é produzido a partir da configuração da noção de indivíduo burguês. Tal embate não se articula nas MEMÓRIAS com a mesma complexidade e desenvoltura: novamente isso traz à discussão não somente o momento de formação do romance em solo nacional, mas também a peculiaridade das condições históricas brasileiras, pouco propícias à configuração da noção de indivíduo à época da publicação do livro. / This thesis aims at investigating the formation of the novel as a literary genre in eighteenth-century England, from the perspective of the paradigm established by Henry Fielding (1707-1754) in TOM JONES (1749), as well as its reverberations in the formation of the Brazilian novel in mid-nineteenth century, through the examination of MEMÓRIAS DE UM SARGENTO DE MILÍCIAS (1854), by Manuel Antônio de Almeida (1831-1861). We argue that TOM JONES incorporates in its composition the tension between the so-called spheres of the essence and the appearance, or between the scope of the internal, private and individual as opposed to what is external, public and inherent in the world of social conventions. Such a struggle leads us not only to the moment of genre formation, but also to the historical conditions in which the novel is produced, from the perspective of the rise of the bourgeois individual. Such a tension is not articulated in the MEMÓRIAS with the same level of complexity and effectiveness: once more, that brings us not only to the moment of genre formation on Brazilian soil, but also to the peculiarity of the Brazilian historical conditions, not much favourable to the configuration of the notion of the individual at the time the book was published.

Este trabalho busca investigar o processo de formação do romance enquanto gênero literário na Inglaterra do século XVIII, a partir do paradigma estabelecido por Henry Fielding (1707-1754) em TOM JONES (1749), bem como suas reverberações no processo de formação do romance brasileiro em meados do século XIX, através do exame de MEMÓRIAS DE UM SARGENTO DE MILÍCIAS(1854), de Manuel Antônio de Almeida (1831-1861). Propomos que TOM JONES incorpora em sua composição uma tensão entre as chamadas esferas da essência e da aparência, ou entre o âmbito interior, privado e individual frente àquele do exterior, público e inerente ao mundo das convenções sociais, o que remete não apenas ao momento de formação do gênero em questão, mas também às condições históricas do meio onde o romance é produzido a partir da configuração da noção de indivíduo burguês. Tal embate não se articula nas MEMÓRIAS com a mesma complexidade e desenvoltura: novamente isso traz à discussão não somente o momento de formação do romance em solo nacional, mas também a peculiaridade das condições históricas brasileiras, pouco propícias à configuração da noção de indivíduo à época da publicação do livro. / This thesis aims at investigating the formation of the novel as a literary genre in eighteenth-century England, from the perspective of the paradigm established by Henry Fielding (1707-1754) in TOM JONES (1749), as well as its reverberations in the formation of the Brazilian novel in mid-nineteenth century, through the examination of MEMÓRIAS DE UM SARGENTO DE MILÍCIAS (1854), by Manuel Antônio de Almeida (1831-1861). We argue that TOM JONES incorporates in its composition the tension between the so-called spheres of the essence and the appearance, or between the scope of the internal, private and individual as opposed to what is external, public and inherent in the world of social conventions. Such a struggle leads us not only to the moment of genre formation, but also to the historical conditions in which the novel is produced, from the perspective of the rise of the bourgeois individual. Such a tension is not articulated in the MEMÓRIAS with the same level of complexity and effectiveness: once more, that brings us not only to the moment of genre formation on Brazilian soil, but also to the peculiarity of the Brazilian historical conditions, not much favourable to the configuration of the notion of the individual at the time the book was published.

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