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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

HidrogeoquÃmica do FÃsforo no EstuÃrio do Jaguaribe (CE) / HidrogeoquÃmica of phosphorus in the estuary Jaguaribe (CE)

Samara Aranha Eschrique 08 April 2007 (has links)
O sistema estuarino do Jaguaribe sofre modificaÃÃes nas suas caracterÃsticas hidroquÃmicas em funÃÃo das atividades antrÃpicas, tais como aÃudagem, carcinicultura e a crescente urbanizaÃÃo, que promovem alteraÃÃes na qualidade e quantidade de suas descargas para o oceano AtlÃntico. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a distribuiÃÃo espacial do fÃsforo presente na coluna dâÃgua e no sedimento de superfÃcie do estuÃrio do Jaguaribe e a sua dependÃncia das influÃncias antropogÃnicas e da variabilidade hidroquÃmica sazonal. As coletas de Ãgua e sedimento foram realizadas em 5 estaÃÃes ao longo do estuÃrio, durante 3 campanhas amostrais, abrangendo as estaÃÃes de seca (1 e 2 camp.) e chuva (3 camp.) da regiÃo. Os parÃmetros pH, OD, %OD, T e Sal foram medidos in situ com multisonda portÃtil. A extraÃÃo de fÃsforo total no sedimento seguiu a metodologia de Berner & Rao (1994). As fraÃÃes de fÃsforo na Ãgua e no sedimento foram determinadas por espectrofotometria na regiÃo do visÃvel, segundo Grasshoff et al. (1999). A clorofila a foi medida como sugerido por Jeffrey & Humphrey (1975) e a feofitina a segundo APHA (2001). A temperatura da Ãgua mostrou-se constante e com mÃdia de 29ÂCÂ0,5ÂC, que favorece a evaporaÃÃo. A salinidade variou entre as campanhas, respectivamente, de 29,5 a 35,1, 27,0 a 39,2 e 1,2 a 17,5, com os menores valores no estuÃrio superior, onde as Ãguas do rio diluem as Ãguas marinhas. A concentraÃÃo de OD revelou que as Ãguas estuarinas sÃo bem oxigenadas, com os teores mÃdios de 6,3 mg.l-1, 5,2 mg.l-1 e 7,0 mg.l-1 (%OD: 98,8%, 79,5% e 94,9%), podendo ser considerado como ambiente saturado a supersaturado, segundo a classificaÃÃo proposta por MacÃdo & Costa (1978). O pH foi alcalino, com mÃdias variando de 7,8 a 8,2 em todo o estuÃrio, refletindo a influÃncia do mar e o balanÃo hÃdrico negativo da regiÃo (evaporaÃÃo>precipitaÃÃo). A condutividade variou em mÃdia por campanha de 51,3 mS.cm-1, 55,0 mS.cm-1 e 12,6 mS.cm-1, que pode favorecer a floculaÃÃo de minerais argilosos em suspensÃo no estuÃrio. O MPS apresentou teores mÃdios de 13,6 mg.l-1, 17,7 mg.l-1 e 30,3 mg.l-1, indicando forte dependÃncia da sazonalidade climÃtica da regiÃo. As fraÃÃes de fÃsforo na Ãgua nas trÃs campanhas variaram, respectivamente, de 0,2 a 3,8 μM, 2,0 a 5,3 μM e 3,7 a 6,7 μM para T-PO4; de 0,0 a 2,7 μM, 1,2 a 3,4 μM e 1,2 a 2,5 μM para D-PO4; e de 0,0 a 1,2 μM, 0,8 a 3,4 μM e 1,3 a 4,5 μM para Part-PO4, com os maiores valores associados com as entradas de fontes antropogÃnicas e, no caso do D-PO4, devido a maior influÃncia fluvial. A Chl-a apresentou valores crescentes de 1,2-8,2 mg.m-3, 2,9-16,2 mg.m-3 e 9,5-17,4 mg.m-3, respectivamente, sendo a principal responsÃvel pela absorÃÃo de fosfato na zona eufÃtica e caracterizando o estuÃrio como eutrÃfico. A feofitina a variou entre a 2 e 3 campanha de 1,4 a 3,2 mg.m-3 e 2,0 a 10,5 mg.m-3, com os menores valores relacionados com a zona de mistura do estuÃrio. A matÃria orgÃnica presente nos sedimentos oscilou entre as campanhas de 0,0-0,1%, 0,0-1,0% e 0,0-0,4%, indicando uma Ãrea fonte no estuÃrio mÃdio. O P-Total no sedimento variou por campanha de 17,4-60,3 μgP.g-1, 18,0-202,0 μgP.g-1 e 14,3-134,3 μgP.g-1, com as maiores concentraÃÃes associadas a presenÃa de sedimentos mais finos, caracterÃsticos de zonas de mangue, e com as fontes pontuais de fÃsforo, como confirmam os dados da coluna dâÃgua. / The estuarine system of Jaguaribe changes its characteristics depending on the hydrochemistry human activities, such as aÃudagem, shrimp and increasing urbanization, which promote changes in the quality and quantity of their discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of phosphorus in the water column and sediment surface Jaguaribe of the estuary and its dependence on anthropogenic influences and seasonal variability hydrochemistry. The samples of water and sediment were taken at 5 stations along the estuary, sampling for 3 years, covering the seasons of drought (1st and 2nd camp.) And rain (3rd camp.) In the region. The parameters pH, DO,% DO, T and salt were measured in situ with portable multisonda. The extraction of total phosphorus in the sediment followed the methodology of Berner & Rao (1994). The fractions of phosphorus in water and sediment were determined by spectrophotometry in the visible, according to Grasshoff et al. (1999). The chlorophyll a was measured as suggested by Jeffrey & Humphrey (1975) and the second feofitina APHA (2001). The water temperature was shown to be constant, with an average of 29  C  0.5  C, which promotes evaporation. The salinity ranged between campaigns, respectively, from 29.5 to 35.1, from 27.0 to 39.2 and from 1.2 to 17.5, with lower values in the upper estuary, where the waters of the river water diluted marine. The concentration of OD showed that the estuarine waters are well oxygenated, with average levels of 6.3 mg.l-1, 5.2 mg.l-1 and 7.0 mg.l-1 (% OD: 98, 8%, 79.5% and 94.9%), can be considered as a supersaturated saturated environment, according to the classification proposed by MacÃdo & Costa (1978). The pH was alkaline, with averages ranging from 7.8 to 8.2 throughout the estuary, reflecting the influence of the sea and the water balance of the negative region (evaporation> precipitation). The conductivity ranged on average per year from 51.3 mS.cm-1, 55.0 mS.cm-1 and 12.6 mS.cm-1, which can promote the flocculation of clay minerals in suspension in the estuary. The MPS showed average levels of 13.6 mg.l-1, 17.7 mg.l-1 and 30.3 mg.l-1, indicating strong dependence of the seasonal climate of the region. The fractions of phosphorus in water in the three years ranged respectively from 0.2 to 3.8 mM, 2.0 to 5.3 mM and 3.7 to 6.7 mM for T-PO4; from 0.0 to 2.7 mM, 1.2 to 3.4 mM and 1.2 to 2.5 mM for D-PO4, and 0.0 to 1.2 mM, 0.8 to 3.4 mM and 1.3 to 4.5 mM for Part-PO4 with higher values associated with the contributions of anthropogenic sources and, in the case of D-PO4, due to greater influence river. The Chl-a showed increasing values of 1,2-8,2 mg.m-3, 2,9-16,2 mg.m-3 and 9,5-17,4 mg.m-3, respectively, and the main responsible for the absorption of phosphate in the euphotic zone and the estuary characterized as eutrophic. The feofitina varied between the 2nd and 3rd year from 1.4 to 3.2 mg.m-3 and 2.0 to 10.5 mg.m-3, with lower values associated with the mixing zone of the estuary. The organic matter in sediments ranged from the campaigns of 0,0-0,1%, 0,0-1,0% and 0,0-0,4%, indicating a source area in the middle estuary. The Total-P in the sediment varied by year 17,4-60,3 μgP.g-1, 18,0-202,0 μgP.g-1 and 14,3-134,3 μgP.g-1, with the highest concentrations associated with the presence of more fine sediment, characteristic of areas of mangrove, and the point sources of phosphorus, and confirm data from the water column. > alterar

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