Z. Kučera: Principy a problémy geografického studia krajiny 6 Abstrakt Principy a problémy geografického studia krajiny Krajina je jedním z klíčových geografických konceptů. Nicméně její definici nelze považovat za zcela ujasněnou a stává se proto předmětem diskuze. Současný geografický výzkum krajiny je výrazněji rozdělený mezi humánní a fyzickou geografii, resp. přesněji kulturní geografii a krajinnou ekologii. Obě tyto disciplíny se dnes v geografii rozvíjejí, byť třeba v odlišných geografických a oborových kontextech. V otázce definice krajiny však spolu velmi málo komunikují. V posledních desetiletích se krajina navíc stala vedle geografie součástí výzkumného zaměření mnoha dalších vědeckých oborů. Což je vývoj, který k vyjasněnosti její definice příliš nepřispívá. V práci je diskutována role geografie ve výzkumu krajiny, jsou srovnávána různá pojetí krajiny v geografii a učiněn pokus o formulaci souhrnné definice krajiny. Nakolik se diskutované přístupy doplňují či rozcházejí? Jsou neslučitelné, nebo je možné vymezit jednu geografickou disciplínu zvanou "geografie krajiny"? Abstract Principles and problems of the geographic study of landscape Landscape is one of the core geographic concepts. However, its definition can not be regarded as absolutely clear. Thus it is the subject of discussions....

The term rural is well known and understood by the general public, but generally usable definition does not exist. The precise definition of rural areas is indispensable for the central state administration, a number of experts, or the public administration, as well as for the European Union institutions. Unfortunately, results are not always consistent and are not always clear and homogeneous. Approaches to rural delineation are mostly based on a quantitative or qualitative indicator, or a combination of multiple indicators (population, population density, or various socio-economic indicators) to define rural and urban settlements or areas. However, rural differentiation is increasingly the result of soft factors and subjective definitions, which can differ considerably. Nonetheless, some common indicators can be identified, with common approaches shared. This is the aim of the dissertation – to use data from the census 2011 and try to create a methodology by which the Moravian countryside could be typified. Work is primarily looking for a solution to a research problem: What is the current Moravian countryside? Moravia was defined by maps, which record the historical border and territorial division of the Czech Republic and professional publications, which were synthases. The countryside was categorized by the statistical data obtained from the census 2011, which was categorized into 3 types according to the greatest similarity in the surveyed variables. According to the most significant differences in the variables between groups and the linking of the variables to the development of the area, the rural area categories were identified as progressive, deficit and suburban areas. The empirical research was carried for a more detailed description of the Moravian country typology. The subjective techniques (questionnaire survey) and soft indicators (photo documentation in the field, non-attended observation) were applied. This part of the research was carried out in selected case model areas. This more detailed analysis of the territory was also aimed at the validation of the specified typology.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is to create a tool for an efficiency improvement of teaching Geography at a grammar school, which is based on several criteria. The tool is then tested in practice and its impact on students' geographical knowledge is evaluated. The work is conceptually divided into two main parts. The first of them introduces fieldwork as is generally known and construed, because the tool is based on some of the fieldwork principles and is realized outside the school building. An analysis of Czech curricular documents is not omitted in the text. The second, more voluminous part deals with practical issues. The main part presents a concept of a particular field teaching and a description of its following implementation. Subsequently, a tool, which was used to measure the effectiveness of the realized fieldwork, is described in the text. The results of the survey and the overall assessment are concluded at the end of this thesis. Key words: tool - geography - Geography field teaching - effectiveness - testing

Územní diferenciace elementárního vzdělávání v Česku v 2. polovině 20. století (Vliv na lokální a regionální rozvoj) Od druhé poloviny 20. století jsme v mnoha hospodářsky vyspělých zemích, Česko nevyjímaje, svědky procesu výrazné polarizace prostoru v souvislosti se změnami v rozmístění elementárních škol. Masové uzavírání škol, zejména na venkově, a koncentrace vzdělávací funkce do center regionů vychází z obecných procesů, jakými jsou změny geografické organizace společnosti, stejně jako ze specifických historických podmínek v každé zemi. V této práci se na příkladu Česka pokusíme představit pomocí metod, jež jsou geografům vlastní, změny, které proběhly v síti elementárních škol. Dále budeme specifikovat vybrané důsledky tohoto procesu na stabilitu a fungování lokálních komunit a jeho vliv na marginalizaci obcí. ABSTRACT Territorial Differentiation of Elementary Education in Czechia during the Second Half of the Twentieth Century (Its Influence on Local and Regional Development) We are all witnesses to a process of extensive spatial polarization in the distribution of elementary schools in many economically developed countries, including Czechia, during the second half of the 20th and in the 21st century. Processes of mass school closures, especially in rural areas, and the concentration of...

Genius Loci and its Role in Tourism Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to explain the issue of genius loci, both generally and in the context of tourism. The methodology lies in the study of available literature. The interest in this theme is an appropriate response to current trends in the focus of the geography of tourism. Other objectives were defined in order to determine the position of genius loci in geographical research and its role in tourism. The diploma thesis is theoretically framed by humanistic geography (the concept of place introduction) and by the geography of tourism (the concept of sustainable development, psychological and sociological aspects of tourism). The case study demonstrates how genius loci is screened in three different types of tourism destinations - in Deštné v Orlických horách, in Litomyšl and in Potštejn - and how is perceived by local residents. Key words: genius loci, tourism, humanistic geography, place, geography of tourism

This diploma thesis is devoted to documentary movies about contemporary Prague that were recorded between years 2006 to 2015. The aim of thesis was to use visual analysis to discover what images of contemporary Prague selected movies show and for what reasons these images differ. This analysis is then compared with the themes of human geography researches that focus on the topic of Prague. The thesis also represents the film geography as a relevant discipline that enables a deeper understanding of the geographic reality in its polysemy. Keywords: documentary movies, visual analysis, Prague, film geography, cultural geography, urban geography

Using of modern technologies has been increasing in the sectors of economic and by people. If educational system shall prepare students for the future, it should learn them to work with that technologies, for example computers or tablets. Modern technologies have been entering to schools increasingly but very slowly. Effects of their usage in the educational process have not been examined sufficiently. This thesis applies to advantages and disadvantages of teaching population and settlement geography with a tablet, particularly using the Nearpod application. The influence of teaching with tablet on students' test results is analyzed on the basis of taught lessons and didactic tests. Then, advantages and disadvantages of tablet using at school are established for students and teachers according to interviews and observation during the lessons. This study shows that tablet using does not have to mean higher students' scores in the tests. Students are more motivated, lessons are more entertaining for them in comparison to traditional lessons. Tablets also provide priceless feedback to them. From the teacher's perspective, lessons with tablets are more time-consuming than traditional lessons, but they provide possibilities to observe all students' work during the lesson and more possibilities to...

Title: Integrated education of geography and physical education - theoretical solutions and the current situation at the grammars schools Objective: Summary of current knowledge of the geography and physical education integration. Outline of other possible overlap points. Findings of the current degree of integration in Czech secondary schools. Methods: Czech and foreign literature review, questionnaire Results: There was identified and analyzed existing knowledge of geography and physical education integration. Secondary school teacher survey provided current status and opinions on integration in real practice. Keywords: geography, physical education, integration

Population development of Kazakhstan: geographic, economic and geopolitical aspects Abstract Present research based on analysis of the main trends in demographic development of Kazakhstan at the national and regional level. Demographic changes are quite important factor affecting the problems of territorial, economic and geopolitical development of the country. Relatively small population quite clearly reflects the changes of economic and geopolitical conditions. The result of it is the changes in population size, structure, and geographical pattern. Over the past decade in Kazakhstan observed population growth and change of ethnic structure. Against this background, distribution of the population within the country becomes one of the key problems in Kazakhstan. The main reason is growing disproportions in economic development of regions. Quite significant role here plays the ethnic heterogeneity of the regions, which also determines the nature of population development. Under such conditions, the demographic development acquires strategic importance.

This thesis deals with the preparatory education of Geography teachers at the Faculty of Science of Charles University and looks at it from many perspectives.The basis is the content analysis of study plans which are also evaluated through interviews with former graduates, now teachers of Geography. Furthermore, representatives of academic community were interviewed in order to present the current state and vison of preparatory education of Geography teachers at the Faculty of Science of Charles University. The aim of the thesis is to make a comprehensive study of open dialogue between students, graduates and academic staff, in order to characterize the current education of Geography teachers and to evaluate the outcome.