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Landscape function analysis and ecological management of an agricultural landscapeDonald, Ann Jean 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / In the past, development was allowed in agricultural areas which would not be acceptable
under current planning policy. There is a growing need to develop and maintain highly
productive and ecologically stable agricultural systems. One approach to encourage better
land management and utilisation is the international certification of a farm’s production
practices.
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An infrastructure management support system for Western Cape Nature Conservation BoardVan Zyl, Nicolaas Milne 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates the use of GIS (Geographical Information Systems) to
develop an infrastructure management support system for the Western Cape Nature
Conservation Board (WCNCB). The primary goal was to design a system to help the
managers with their task of managing the infrastructure of a reserve. It involved the
development and description, of a system in ArcView with the programming language
Avenue in conjunction with an Access application developed in Visual Basic for
Applications. The end result was a system that can create maps of all the different
infrastructure features with ArcView and use an open-ended Access application to
input data. The data are stored in an Access database. The thesis describes the user
functionality of the system. Basic reporting facilities are provided and the data and
system have the potential to provide essential reporting in future development. The
conclusion of this thesis is that GIS could fulfil the role of an Infrastructure
Management Support System for WCNCB. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis ondersoek die gebruik van GIS (Geografiese Inligting Stelsels) in die
ontwikkeling van 'n infrastruktuur bestuurshulpmiddel VIT Wes-Kaap
Natuurbewaringsraad. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie is om 'n sisteem te
ontwikkel wat die bestuurders van die verskillende natuurreservate kan bystaan in die
bestuur van hul reservate. Die tesis beskryf die ontwikkeling van 'n infrastruktuur
bestuurshulpmiddel met ArcView se programmeringstaal Avenue. Tesame hiermee is
'n Access applikasie wat in Visual Basic for Applications ontwikkel is geïntegreer.
Die eind-resultaat is 'n sisteem wat kaarte met ArcView vanaf gestoorde data in 'n
Access databasis kan produseer en ook datainvordering kan hanteer. Die tesis beskryf
die ontwikkeling en funksionaliteit van die sisteem. Daar word voorsiening gemaak
vir basiese verslaglewerende funksies en vir toekomstige meer gevorderde analises in
die data samestelling. Die gevolgtrekking wat in die tesis gemaak word is dat GIS die
rol van 'n infrastruktuur bestuurshulpmiddel kan vervul VIT Wes-Kaap
Natuurbewaringsraad.
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A spatial decision support system for groundwater abstraction impact assessment and licensingBasson, F. C. (Frederick Christoffel) January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Water resources in South Africa are limited and groundwater plays an important role in
supporting basic human needs, sustaining ecosystems and enabling industrial and agricultural
development. Sound management practices are necessary to ensure sustainable development
of water resources. All groundwater usage must be licensed in compliance with the National
Water Act of 1998. A Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) can be used to assist in the
groundwater usage licensing process of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry
(DWAF).
The main aim of this study was to develop a SDSS, named Groundwater Abstraction &
Licence Evaluation Tool (GALET), that could assist in the process of allocating water use
licences and determining the local impact of abstraction, based on existing theory and data.
The development was done within ArcView 3.2 using the scripting language Avenue. The
Sandveld, an arid stretch of land along the west coast of South Africa that is heavily impacted
by groundwater abstraction, was the chosen study area. The data collected for this study
included existing borehole, recharge, rainfall and geological information.
GALET proved to be capable of calculating essential information needed to evaluate
groundwater abstraction, which included drawdown in the water table, zone of influence and
the possible effects on features such as rivers and wetlands. Targeted potential users regarded
GALET as a useful tool in the process of licensing and groundwater abstraction impact
assessment and plans are under way to implement GALET or a derivative thereof at the
DWAF regional offices. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Waterhulpbronne in Suid-Afrika is beperk en grondwater speel 'n belangrike rol in die
ondersteuning van basiese menslike behoeftes, volhouding van ekosisteme asook industriële
en landbou-ontwikkeling. Betroubare bestuurspraktyke is noodsaaklik om die volhoubare
ontwikkeling van waterhulpbronne te verseker. Alle grondwatergebruik moet volgens die
Nasionale Waterwet van 1998 gelisensieer word. 'n Ruimtelike Besluitnemings
Ondersteuning Stelsel (RBOS) kan as 'n hulpmiddel gebruik word in die lisensiëringsproses
van die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou.
Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om 'n RBOS, genoem Groundwater Abstraction &
Licence Evaluation Tool (GALET), te ontwikkel wat as hulpmiddel gebruik kan word in die
allokeringsproses van watergebruiklisensies en die bepaling van die impak van
grondwateronttrekking op die omgewing, gebaseer op bestaande teorie en data. Die
ontwikkeling is in ArcView 3.2 met die programmeringstaal Avenue gedoen. Die Sandveld,
'n ariede streek aan die weskus van Suid-Afrika wat onderhewig is aan grootskaalse
grondwateronttrekking, is gekies as die studie area. Die data wat vir hierdie studie ingesamel
is sluit bestaande boorgat, grondwateraanvulling, reënval en geologiese inligting in.
GALET was in staat om belangrike inligting aangaande die evaluering van
grondwateronttrekking te bereken, o.a. die daling van die grondwatervlak, die impaksone en
die moontlike effekte op landvorms soos riviere en vleilande. Die teikengroep potensiële
gebruikers het GALET as 'n nuttige hulpmiddel in die proses van lisensiëring en
grondwateronttrekking impakbepaling beskou en planne is onderweg om dit of 'n aangepaste
program by die streekskantore van die Departement van Waterwese en Bosbou te
implementeer.
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Remote sensing for assessing wetland-groundwater interaction in the Kogelberg Biosphere ReserveEngelbrecht, Jeanine 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Table Mountain Group (TMG) Aquifer System is a regional fractured aquifer system
with a large potential as a source of future water supplies in the Western and Eastern Cape.
This system is currently under consideration for large-scale water abstraction. Many terrestrial
ecosystems, however, are dependent on these groundwater resources for survival.
Exploitation of ground water resources at a rate exceeding the rate of natural recharge would
result in a lowering of the water table and the drying up of seeps.
The main objective of this study was to determine if satellite remote sensing data can be used
for the detection of groundwater-dependent wetlands, and secondly, to use multi-temporal
imagery for estimating seasonal changes experienced in wetland communities in relation to
surrounding vegetation. The Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, situated approximately 30km to
the east of Cape Point in the Western Cape, South Africa, was selected for investigation. To
accomplish the objectives, three Landsat 7 ETM+ images (path/row: 175/84) captured on 22
September 2001, 18 May 2002 and 23 September 2002 were acquired. Image fusion of the
multispectral bands (30m resolution) with the panchromatic band (15m resolution) provided
15m multispectral images for analysis purposes. Geometric correction, radiometric
normalisation and atmospheric corrections was performed in order to ensure pixel-level
comparability between images. Once comparability between images was guaranteed,
vegetation indices and tasselled cap components were derived to provide threshold values of
moisture stress indicators and productivity estimations of wetland communities in relation to
surrounding non-wetland communities. Additionally, change vector analysis on these
transformations provided the ability to detect and assess the seasonal changes experienced by
these communities during an annual cycle. The results of these transformations were
combined in a rule-based image classifier in order to assist in estimating the seasonal
dependency of observed wetland communities.
The ability to use Landsat 7 images and the abovementioned image processing procedures to
identify wetland communities with a high probability of groundwater interaction was
demonstrated with a high degree of accuracy (78%). It is recommended that future studies
concentrate on increasing classification accuracies, while focusing on incorporating these
techniques into a remote monitoring system for assessing the impacts of groundwater
extraction on the groundwater-dependent wetland communities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Tafelberg Groep (TBG) Akwifer is 'n regionale verskuiwingsakwifer sisteem met groot
potensiaal as toekomstige waterbron vir die Wes- en Oos-Kaap. Grootskaalse grondwateronttrekking
uit hierdie sisteem word tans ondersoek. Baie terrestriële ekosisteme is egter vir
oorlewing van grondwaterbronne afhanklik. Grondwaterontginning teen 'n tempo hoër as die
natuurlike aanvultempo sal die watertafel laat daal en syfersones laat opdroog.
Die hoofdoel van die studie was om te bepaal of satellietbeelde gebruik kan word om
grondwater-afhanklike vleilande waar te neem, en om 'n tydsreeks van beelde te gebruik om
die seisoenale verandering in vleilandgemeenskappe relatief tot omliggende plantegroei te
raam. Die Kogelberg Biosfeer Reservaat, ongeveer 30km oos van Kaappunt, is as
studiegebied geïdentifiseer. Drie Landsat 7 beelde (baan/ry: 175/84) van 22 September 2001,
18 Mei 2002 en 23 September 2002 is ontleed. Die Landsat 7 multispektrale bande (30m
resolusie) is met behulp van beeld-fusietegnieke met die panchromatiese band (15m resolusie)
gekombineer om multispektrale beelde te lewer met 15m grondresolusie. Geometriese
korreksie, radiometriese normalisering en atmosferiese korreksie is op elk van die beelde
toegepas om beeld-selvlak vergelykings tussen beelde 'n moontlikheid te maak. Met
beeldvergelykbaarheid verseker, is plantegroei-indekse en 'tassled cap' transformasies
gebruik om afsnywaardes vir vleiland-identifikasie te bereken. Verder is veranderingsvektoranalises
op die transformasies bereken om die seisoenale veranderinge oor die jaarsiklus in
vleilande te bepaal. Die resultate hiervan is vervat in 'n reël-gebaseerde beeldklassifiseerder
waarmee vleilande se seisoenale grondwater afhanklikheid geraam is.
Die vermoë om vleilande met 'n hol! waarskynlikheid van grondwater interaksie uit Landsat 7
beelde te identifiseer is met 'n hol! vlak van totale akkuraatheid (78%) gedemonstreer. Die
aanbeveling is dat toekomstige studies moet fokus op die verhoging van hierdie klassifikasie
akkuraathede. Die tegnieke moet toegespits word op die ontwikkeling van 'n
afstandswaarnemingstelsel om die
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Die identifisering van ontwikkelingsensitiewe areas teen berghellings : Stellenbosch- en HottentotshollandbergeJames, Arthur Jeffree 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Agricultural and forestry development as well as the erection of buildings and other structures
against steep mountain slopes is currently a substantial problem in the Boland. Such
developments can be detrimental because of aesthetic considerations and the environmental
damage that can arise therefrom. In this regard, environmental damage specifically includes
the destruction of fynbos and soil erosion, the latter also having a negative impact on
agriculture.
This study has attempted to identify areas sensitive to development, and from the resulting
findings to develop a set of guidelines for possible future development along the mountain
slopes of the Boland. The study area includes only a part of the Boland mountains, namely the
Stellenbosch and Hottentotsholland mountains, but can serve as a pilot area for other regions
in the Boland possibly plagued by the same problems.
Analyses were primarily undertaken by means of GIS software such as inter alia Unix Arc/Info
and ArcView 3.1. Various remote sensing techniques were also used to interpret and analyse
Landsat TM satellite imagery. For these analyses the image processing program Idrisi for
Windows was mainly used.
Because the study concentrates on agricultural development, certain criteria such as the
erodibility of soil types and the gradient had to be taken into account in the identification of
sensitive areas. With regard to gradient data, the use of a "Digital elevation model" (OEM) was
of cardinal importance. Other types of development (buildings and structures, as well as
forestry) were also analysed to establish firstly where these developments occur; and secondly
whether they occur in sensitive areas as far as the height and gradient of slopes are concerned.
Because of the subjectivity that exists with regard to the visual impact of these developments, it
is difficult to determine what developments on high mountain slopes are aesthetically
acceptable and what are not.
According to the Act on Agriculture no. 9238 of 1984, slopes with a greater than 20% gradient
may not be ploughed without special permission. Against this background the most important
result of the analyses undertaken in this study, was the identification of agricultural areas
sensitive to erosion. Finally, guidelines are suggested that can be applied to possible future
developments on the mountain slopes of the Boland. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Landbou- en bosbou-ontwikkeling sowel as die oprigting van geboue en ander strukture teen
steil berghellings is tans 'n wesenlike probleem in die Boland. Sulke ontwikkelings kan nadelig
wees weens estetiese oorwegings en omgewingskade wat hieruit kan voortspruit. In hierdie
verband verwys omgewingskade spesifiek na fynbosvernietiging en gronderosie. Gronderosie
het natuurlik ook 'n negatiewe impak op die landbou.
Daar is in hierdie studie gepoog om ontwikkelingsensitiewe areas te identifiseer, en vanuit
bevindinge 'n stel riglyne te ontwikkel vir moontlike toekomstige ontwikkeling teen die
berghellings in die Boland. Die studiegebied sluit slegs 'n gedeelte van die Bolandse berge in,
naamlik die Stellenbosch- en Hottentotshollandberge, maar kan dien as loodsgebied vir ander
streke in die Boland wat moontlik dieselfde probleme ondervind.
Analises is hoofsaaklik gedoen deur middel van geografiese inligtingstelsels- (GIS-)
programmatuur soos onder andere Unix Arc/Info en ArcView 3.1.
Afstandswaarnemingstegnieke is ook aangewend om Landsat TM- satellietbeelde te
interpreteer en te analiseer. Vir hierdie analises is hoofsaaklik van die
beeldverwerkingsprogram Idrisi for Windows gebruik gemaak.
Omdat die studie op landbou-ontwikkeling konsentreer, moes sekere kriteria soos die
erodeerbaarheid van grondtipes en gradiënt in ag geneem word in die identifisering van
sensitiewe areas. Wat gradiëntdata betref, was die gebruik van 'n "Digital elevation model"
(OEM) van kardinale belang. Ander tipes ontwikkelings (geboue en strukture, asook bosbou) is
ook ontleed om eerstens te bepaal waar hierdie ontwikkelings voorkom; en tweedens of hierdie
ontwikkelings in sensitiewe areas wat hoogte en gradiënt betref, voorkom. Weens die
subjektiwiteit wat rondom die visuele impak van hierdie ontwikkelings bestaan, is dit moeilik om
te bepaal watter ontwikkelings teen hoë berghellings esteties aanvaarbaar is en watter nie.
Volgens die Wet op Landbou no. 9238 van 1984 mag hellings met 'n gradiënt steiler as 20%
nie sonder spesiale toestemming geploeg word nie. Teen die agtergrond hiervan is die
belangrikste resultaat van analises in hierdie studie, die identifisering van erosiesensitiewe
landbou-areas. Riglyne wat toegepas kan word op moontlike toekomstige ontwikkelings teen
die berghellings in die Boland, word laastens voorgestel.
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Die Saldanhabaai Watergehalte Forum Trust : 'n instrument vir beplande, geintegreerde monitering en bestuur van watergehalteVan Wyk, Frederick C. (Frederick Christoffel) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Saldanha-Langebaan coastal zone is an important natural resource and serves as
habitat for several endangered bird and fish species. Development in this coastal zone
holds a constant threat for the natural environment and has a negative impact on the
water quality of the bay. It is therefore essential to manage the water quality to ensure
fitness for use for all the beneficial users in this coastal zone.
This study focuses on the utilization and management of the Saldanha-Langebaan
coastal zone. The beneficial users have different water quality requirements. It is
therefore important to identify all the different water uses and to determine the
occurrence of pollution and the dispersion thereof in the bay.
The biophysical characteristics of the natural resource are described as part of the
objective determining phase of the integrated water quality management process. The
thesis also focuses on the inauguration and functioning of an integrated water quality
management organization and the development and implementation of a long term
monitoring program, with special emphasis on the sediment en health monitoring
results.
The result of this research study is a functional management instrument for integrated
water quality monitoring and management in the Saldanha-Langebaan coastal zone. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Saldanha-Langebaan kussone is 'n belangrike natuurlike hulpbron en dien as
habitat vir verskeie bedreigde voel- en visspesies. Hierdie kussone is egter ook onder
konstante ontwikkelingsdruk wat 'n negatiewe impak op die watergehalte van die baai
het. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat die watergehalte so bestuur word dat dit geskik bly vir
al die gemeenskaplike watergebruikers in hierdie kussone.
In hierdie studie is die benutting en bestuur van die Saldanha-Langebaan kussone
ondersoek. Verskillende watergebruikers het uiteenlopende watergehaltebehoeftes en
dit is noodsaaklik om die verskillende watergebruikers, sowel as die voorkoms en
verspreiding van besoedeling in hierdie gebied te identifiseer.
Die biofisiese eienskappe van die natuurlike kusopvanggebied is beskryf as deel van
die aanvanklike doelwitbepalingsfase van geïntegreerde watergehaltebestuur. Die
tesis fokus ook op die stigting en werkswyse van 'n geïntegreerde
watergehaltebestuursliggaam, asook die ontwerp en implementering van 'n
langtermyn moniteringsprogram. Daar is veral gelet op die resultate van die
. sediment- en bakteriologiese moniteringsprogram.
Die resultaat van die navorsingsproses is die totstandkoming van 'n funksionele
bestuursliggaam wat as instrument dien vir geïntegreerde monitering en bestuur van
die watergehalte in die Saldanha-Langebaan kussone.
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Alternative land uses to forestry in the Western Cape : a case study of La Motte plantationFernandes Ruiz, Ricardo 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African government started the restructuring process of the state’s forest assets in 1998. The
privatisation process includes all the assets of the South African Forestry Company (SAFCOL) and half of the
former homelands’ 150 000 hectares of forest. In August 2000 SAFCOL released their “Operational Plan for
Implementing Exit from Forestry in the Southem-Cape Portion of the Western Cape Region”. This plan
identified only major land uses (agriculture, forestry, and conservation). A more detailed and intensive land
evaluation study was required to specify land utilisation types that are tailor-made to each land unit of the study
area.
The main intention of this research study is to develop a more detailed evaluation process that elaborates on the
land uses proposed by SAFCOL, which is site-specific in terms of the type of agricultural system to be used on
specific areas, or the type of indigenous vegetation to be restored in conservation areas. La Motte plantation was
taken as the case study and the SAFCOL digital database for the study area was used as the input data.
The Automated Land Evaluation System (ALES) was the computer software package used to build the expert
system to evaluate land according to the method presented in the FAO 1976 report. The ALES model built in
this research study had 15 decision trees (one per land utilisation type) resulting in a total of 1678 branches,
which relate land characteristics to severity levels of land qualities. During the computation of an evaluation
ALES attempts to place each map unit into one of the four severity levels of land qualities within each landutilisation
type. Physical suitability of each land unit for each land utilisation type was determined by the
maximum limitation method. ALES is not a GIS and does not by itself display maps. The evaluation result
matrix was exported into ArcMap for further optimisation and geographical analysis to enable the spatial
representation of the results. After completion, taking into account the theoretical background, optimal terrain
units were identified for the different land uses considered and the results are presented as tables and maps.
Fynbos is the most suitable alternative land use for the study area followed by Pears, Sauvignon Blanc and
Chardonnay vines. Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc vines were least suitable as
alternatives. The study found that the SAFCOL’s database is not sufficient to meet the requirements of a detailed
site-specific land evaluation process. The polygon attribute table of the soil coverage only provided a subset of
the land characteristics necessary to build and run the model. Data fields like soil form, depth, drainage,
wetness, terrain type, aspect and climatic information had to be created because most of the data provided were
in a non-digital form. The database was not complete and more precise data are needed to improve the system. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het in 1998 met die herstruktureringsproses van die bosboubates
van die Staat begin. Die privatiseringsproses het al die bates van die Suid-Afrikaanse
Bosboumaatskappy (SAFCOL) en die helfte van die vorige tuislande se 150 000 hektaar
ingesluit. In Augustus 2000 het SAFCOL sy Operasionale Plan vrygestel vir die
implementering van sy onttrekkingsprogram van bosbou uit die Suid-Kaap gedeelte van die
Weskaap-streek. Hierdie plan het slegs die hoof landgebruike geidentifiseer, bv. landbou,
bosbou en natuurbewaring. ‘n Meer gedetaileerde en intensiewe grondgebruikstudie was
nodig om geskikte gebruikstipes te identifiseer wat optimale altematiewe gebruike
spesifiseer vir elke landeenheid in die studie-area.
Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsingstudie is om ‘n meer gedetaileerde proses te ontwikkel
ter uitbreiding van die altematiewe landgebruike wat deur SAFCOL voorgestel was.
Hierdie voorstel moet meer ligging-spesifiek wees in terme van die tipe landbougewas of
die tipe inheemse plantegroei wat in natuurbewaringsgebiede gevestig moet word. Die La
Motte-plantasie is as voorbeeld gebruik om hierdie gevalle-studie te doen en die inligting is
vanaf die SAFCOL digitale databasis verkry.
Die rekenaar sagteware-pakket wat gebruik is om die land-evalueringstelsel te bou, is die
“Automated Land Evaluation System” (ALES). Dit berus op die metode wat in die verslag
van die FAO in 1976 voorgestel is. Die ALES model wat in hierdie navorsingstudie benut
is, het 15 beslissingsbome (“decision-trees”) (een per landgebruikstipe) wat ‘n totaal van
1678 vertakkings lewer. Landeienskappe word hierdeur in verband gebring met
verskillende geskiktheidsvlakke vir verskillende gewasse. Gedurende die berekening van
hierdie evaluasie, het ALES elke gebiedseenheid in een van die vier geskiktheidsvlakke per
grondgebruikstipe geplaas. Fisiese geskiktheid van elke landeenheid vir elke
grondgebruikstipe is bepaal deur die maksimum beperkingsmetode. ALES is nie ‘n GIS nie
en op sy eie vertoon dit nie kaarte nie. Die uitslag van die geskiktheidsmatriks is na
ArcMap uitgevoer vir verdere optimisering en geografiese analises ten einde die resultate
ruimtelik voor te stel. Na afhandeling, met inagneming van die teoretiese agtergrond, is optimale terrein-eenhede gei'dentifiseer met inagneming van die verskillende landgebruike
en is die resultate in tabel en kaartvorm aangebied.
Fynbos is die mees geskikte altematiewe landgebruik vir die studiegebied gevolg deur Pere,
Sauvignon Blanc en Chardonnay wingerde. Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon en
Cabernet Franc wingerde is minder geskikte altematiewe. Die studie het bevind dat die
SAFCOL databasis nie voldoende was om aan die vereistes van ‘n gedetaileerde
liggingspesifieke landevalueringsproses te voldoen nie. Die poligoon-attribuuttabel van die
grondoorleg het net ‘n subversameling van die landeienskappe verskaf wat benodig was om
die model te bou en uit te voer. Datavelde soos grondvorm, diepte, dreinering, vogtigheid,
terreintipe, hellingrigting en klimaatinligting moes geskep word, omdat meeste van die data
wat verskaf is nie in ‘n digitale vorm beskikbaar was nie. Die databasis was nie volledig nie
en meer presiese data word benodig om die stelsel verder te verbeter.
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GIS mapping and analysis of aircraft noise at Cape Town International AirportVon Holdt, Diana (Diana Sheila) 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The noise produced by aircraft during operations around airports represents a senous social,
technical, economic and environmental problem which is only going to get worse as air traffic
volumes increase. Rapid urbanisation, development encroachment and poor planning in the past
have resulted in noisy airport runways being situated too close to residents' living space. Rapid
industrial growth and lack of funding exacerbate noise problems in developing countries. Moreover,
developing countries and especially South Africa tend to have moderate climates and open-window
living, which makes insulation an ineffective solution to the noise problem.
This study aims at employing GIS to establish the potential noise exposure of various sensitive land
use categories and population groups in the noise-controlled area at Cape Town International
Airport. Firstly, options for the demarcation of a noise-controlled area were evaluated. Thereafter,
incompatible land uses and priority areas for land use compatibility projects were identified and
recommendations made for urban renewal projects for these areas. Lastly, the noise-exposed
population were profiled according to vulnerability characteristics and vulnerable groups identified
and located.
A recommendation was made that Cape Town International Airport set up an interactive map-based
website to disseminate information to the public about noise and any other important issues
concerning the airport. An Internet GIS application would empower citizens by providing them with
a dynamic and interactive tool for improved public participation and a better understanding of the
potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the airport. Noise complaints could also be
investigated through the website and prompt feedback given to the communities complaining about
aircraft noise.
At the local community level where people are being annoyed every day and night resulting in
negative health effects, the problem of aircraft noise demands urgent attention, and measures should
be put in place to reduce vulnerability to noise and improve the overall quality of life of noiseweary
residents.
Keywords: aircraft noise, noise mapping, noise-controlled area, noise contours, land use
compatibility, noise exposure / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geraas veroorsaak deur vliegtuie by lughawens bied ernstige sosiale, tegniese, ekonomiese en
omgewingsprobleme, wat net erger gaan raak namate vlugverkeer toeneem. Snelle verstedeliking,
ontwikkelings-oorskryding en swak beplanning in die verlede het veroorsaak dat raserige
aanloopbane te nabyaan mense se leefruimte gebou is. Vinnige industriële groei en 'n tekort aan
befondsing vererger geraasprobleme in ontwikkelende lande. Bowendien het ontwikkelende lande,
en veral Suid Afrika, 'n matige klimaat en oop-venster-leefwyse wat isolering 'n oneffektiewe
oplossing maak vir die geraasprobleem.
Hierdie studie het ten doelom GIS te gebruik om die potensiële geraas blootstelling van sensitiewe
grondgebruike en bevolkingsgroepe in die geraas-kontrole area by Kaapstad Internasionale
Lughawe vas te stel. Eerstens is opsies vir die afbakening van die geraas-kontrole area geëvalueer.
Daaropvolgend IS onversoenbare grondgebruike en prioriteitsareas VIr grondgebruikversoeningsprojekte
geïdentifiseer en aanbevelings gemaak vir stedelike vernuwingsprojekte vir
hierdie areas. Laastens is 'n profiel daargestel van die geraas-blootgestelde bevolkings volgens
kwesbaarheidskenmerke en kwesbare groepe is geïdentifiseer en hulligging aangedui.
'n Voorstel is gemaak dat Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe 'n interaktiewe kaart-gebaseerde
webwerf in werking moet stelom inligting oor geraas- en ander belangrike probleme in verband
met die lughawe beskikbaar te stel vir die publiek en ander belanghebbendes. 'n Internet-GIS
toepassing sal mense bemagtig deur hulle te voorsien van 'n dinamiese en interaktiewe meganisme
wat sal lei tot beter gemeenskapsdeelname en ook 'n beter begrip van die potensiële omgewings- en
sosio-ekonomiese uitwerking van die lughawe. Klagte oor geraas kan ook deur die webwerf hanteer
en ondersoek word, en verder hulp verleen word deur vinnige terugvoering aan die gemeenskap wat
die klagtes gelê het.
Op plaaslike gemeenskapsvlak, waar mense elke dag en nag geïrriteerd raak en waar dit dan kan lei
tot negatiewe gesondheidsinvloed, sal die probleem van vliegtuiggeraas dringend aangespreek moet
word, en stappe geneem word ten einde kwesbaarheid van inwoners teenoor vliegtuiggeraas te
verminder. Dit sal dan lei tot die algehele verbetering van die lewensgehalte van geraas-moeë
Inwoners.
Sleutelwoorde: vliegtuiggeraas, geraaskartering. geraas-kontrole area, geraaskontoere,
grondgebruik versoenbaarheid, geraas blootstelling
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Mapping the potential of veld fire occurrence in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, using GISAkinnusi, Olamigoke Adekunle 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape are an annual occurrence.
These veld fires occur as a result of human, natural and unknown causes. The
Mediteranean weather conditions of the South Western Cape and its typical vegetation are
conducive to these fires. Within the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, the use
of fire can be advantageous for conservation and forest managers as a tool for fire
management e.g. preparation of fire belts, reduction of veld fire occurrence by burning
fuel load, rejuvenation of indigenous vegetation and enhancing the water yield of
surrounding areas within their management area. Abnormally high incidences and run
away veld fires within the management area of conservation and forest managers leads to.
the loss of biodiversity, destruction of properties and loss of human lives, and extensive
soil erosion. This study aimed at identifying factors contributing towards the occurrence
of veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape, and using GIS to analyse
spatially the contributing variables, and to generate seasonal veld fire hazard maps.
Potential veld fire occurrence on a seasonal basis was mapped using spatial analyses of
variables that are significant to the distribution of veld fires within the study area.
Variables used to assess potential veld fire occurrences were: vegetation, slope,
population density (human influence), proximity to roads, mean monthly maximum
temperatures and mean monthly rainfall. The veld fire hazard maps generated indicated
that potential for veld fire occurrence is high in the summer and autumn months,
decreasing to a low in the winter and spring seasons. The exception is the Southern Cape
sub-region where the possibility of veld fires can be quite high in winter as a result of
Fohn-like berg winds. These winds are characterized by sudden increases in temperature
and decreases in humidity that may pose severe fire hazards.
Reducing and containing veld fires in the mountain regions of the South Western Cape
depends on the effective use of the seasonal veld fire hazard maps. The maps can be used
to delineate critical zones of veld fire occurrence which can be used for evaluating costeffective
control measures and can be implemented to reduce the level of veld fire danger
within the management areas of conservation and forest managers. There is a need for a
Catchment Management System (CMS) (Richardson, Van Wilgen, Le Maitre, Higgins &
Forsyth, 1994) that can be used to generate daily probabilities of veld fire occurrence and
to link these to fire-spread models for predicting or simulating expected fire directions and
severities or intensities, and educating people about fires and the damage it can do. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Elke jaar kom daar veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap voor. Die
oorsake van hierdie veldbrande is van menslike, natuurlike of onbekende oorsprong. Die
Mediterreense weersomstandighede en die tipiese plantegroei van die Suidwes-Kaap is
ook bevorderlik vir die ontstaan van veldbrande. In die berggebiede van hierdie streek kan
die gebruik van vuur egter ook tot voordeel van natuurbewaring en bosbou aangewend
word deurdat dit gebruik kan word as 'n metode om die brande te bestuur, soos in die
voorbereiding van brandpaaie, in die vermindering van die voorkoms van veldbrande deur
vooraf van die brandbare materiale af te brand, in die vernuwing van die inheemse
plantegroei en in die verhoging van wateropbrengs in die omliggende gebiede binne die
area wat bestuur moet word. 'n Abnormale hoë voorkoms van veldbrande binne die
bestuursgebied van bewarings- en bosboubestuurders lei egter tot 'n verlies aan
biodiversiteit, die vernietiging van eiendom, 'n verlies aan menselewens en uitgebreide
gronderosie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die faktore wat bydra tot die voorkoms
van veldbrande in die berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te identifiseer, om GIS te
gebruik om 'n ruimtelike analise van die bydraende veranderlikes te doen en om dan 'n
seisoenale veldbrandgevaarkaart saam te stel.
Die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande op 'n seisoenale basis is gekarteer deur gebruik
te maak van ruimtelike analises van die veranderlikes van belang in die verspreiding van
veldbrande in die studiegebied. Die volgende veranderlikes is gebruik om die potensiële
voorkoms van veldbrande te bepaal: plantegroei, helling, bevolkingsdigtheid (invloed van
mense), afstand vanaf paaie, gemiddelde maandelikse maksimum temperature en
gemiddelde maandelikse reënval. Die veldbrandgevaarkaarte wat ontwikkel is, het
aangetoon dat die potensiële voorkoms van veldbrande hoog is in die somer- en
herfsmaande en dan afneem tot 'n laagtepunt in die winter en lente. 'n Uitsondering is die Suid-Kaap-substreek waar die moontlikheid van veldbrande selfs in die winter taamlik
hoog is as gevolg van Fëhn-tipe bergwinde.
Hierdie winde word gekenmerk deur In skielike toename in temperatuur en In afname in
humiditeit wat die brandgevaar skerp kan verhoog. Die vermoë om veldbrande in die
berggebiede van die Suidwes-Kaap te verminder en te beperk, sal grootliks afhang van die
effektiewe gebruik van die seisoenale veldbrandgevaar-kaarte. Die kaarte kan gebruik
word vir die afbakening van kritieke sones vir die voorkoms van veldbrande wat dan
gebruik kan word vir die evaluering van koste-effektiewe beheermaatreëls.
Hierdie kaarte kan dan geïmplementeer word om die vlakke van veldbrandgevaar binne
die gebiede waarvoor bewarings- en bosboubestuurders verantwoordelik is, te verminder.
Daar is In behoefte aan In opvanggebiedbestuurstelsel (OGB) (Richardson, Van Wilgen,
Le Maitre, Higgins & Forsyth 1994) wat gebruik kan word om daaglikse waarskynlikhede
vir die voorkoms van veldbrande te genereer. Dit kan gekoppel word aan
brandverspreidingsmodelle wat die verwagte rigting van brandverspreiding, asook die
ems of intensiteit daarvan, kan voorspelof simuleer. Die publiek moet ook ingelig word
oor veldbrande en die skade wat daardeur aangerig kan word.
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The rise of the Phoenix or an Achilles heel? : Breaking New Ground's impact on urban sustainability and integrationSmith, Tarryn Nicole Kennedy 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In 2004, the then Department of Housing’s Breaking New Ground (BNG) policy introduced a compilation
of principles that underlie a sustainable human settlement. The principles were aimed at guiding, amongst
others, municipal officials in the decisions they take when faced with a housing development project. This
thesis will set out to determine how municipal officials have taken up BNG’s principles for sustainable
housing settlements as well as the perceptions, methods of implementation and degree of acceptance that
housing and town planning managers have of BNG. In the study, the perceived relevance that these
managers have of BNG within their non-metropolitan towns is explored using five of the fifteen leader
towns of the Western Cape Province. This research has shown that BNG considers the compact urban form,
coupled to other development considerations, as the most sustainable for South Africa. In terms of building
sustainable human settlements: the low-income housing unit has evolved substantially since its conception,
and that the current unit is held in far higher regard (by both municipalities and beneficiaries) than its
predecessors. The design of this unit remains standardised due to a lack of funding for a more flexible
design, but its structure allows for additions to be made at the cost of the beneficiary. Funding thus remains
a major constraint to housing delivery. Municipalities feel that they are able to implement BNG, but that
there are certain shortcomings in the document which prevent its full implementation. One of these
shortcomings is the lack of an external funding mechanism for housing delivery, proposed in BNG, but
never having materialised. Further, BNG focuses more on the metropolitan scenario and is not always
relevant to non-metropolitan towns. Almost all of the municipalities have initiated inner city regeneration
projects, but fewer have included the provision of social housing as part of their inner city rejuvenation.
Subsidy housing is the most implemented housing typology, but these units often experience decay due to
the absence of original owners who have (mostly illegally) sold or rented out their units. The one-erf-one-unit
nature of subsidy housing is not seen as sustainable owing to space limitation experienced by most of
the municipalities interviewed. Contrary to earlier research, in situ upgrading is a common occurrence in
municipalities. However, there is a great need for stronger regional (or broader scale) planning regarding
housing delivery. Low-income housing is strongly influenced by politics – a fact which municipalities say
negatively influences housing delivery. Migration also poses a serious threat to municipal backlogs.
Currently, the fight against an escalating demand for low-cost housing is a losing battle as the rate at which
government is rolling out housing is vastly ineffectual. Municipalities deem that large-scale projects like the
N2 Gateway might be a solution to their housing backlogs which, they concur, are at crisis point. However,
municipalities indicated that their implementation of large scale projects will not follow the same path as
the N2 Gateway – the planning of which is seen to be substandard. Currently, urban integration takes place
on an income basis and not due to racial division. Inclusionary housing is seen as a relevant tool for the
promotion of integration, but cannot be enforced to its full potential due to a lack of supporting legislation.
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