Anorthosites and their associated rock types have been a subject of controversy for a considerable number of years. Several genetic theories have been suggested to explain the observed field characteristics, but none have been completely accepted by authorities on the subject. Theories on the origin of anorthosite may be classed as magnetic, metasomatic, and anatectic, and all contain useful ideas. Where an aspect of the problem appears to be successfully solved by one genetic theory, another remains embarrassingly unexplained. It is quite possible that a complex series of events is responsible for the formation of the anorthosites and their associated rock types. Kranck (1961) points out that, "The origin of the anorthosites is almost as controversial a subject as the granite problem.”

The distribution of both the major and trace elements within a rock body is fundamental to the solution of many geologic problems. In most instances a great many analyses are required to represent this distribution accurately. The cost, in terms of expenditure and time, of ordinary analytical procedures limits the number of samples that can be collected and processed. This often results in an inadequate or even erroneous concept of the distribution of an element. The purpose of this project was to design and construct a portable gamma ray spectrometer capable of measuring, in situ, the radioelement content of rocks, and to demonstrate its use on a variety of geologic problems.

The method of transport, and the emplacement of ores is a problem of great importance to the geologist. If we can improve our understanding of how ore bodies are emplaced, the search for new, and the extension of known deposits will be made very much easier. This thesis is a small contribution towards this end.

The Sault Ste. Marie map-area lies at the western end of the Huronian belt along the north shore of Lake Huron. It includes rock formations that range in age from highly metamorphosed early Precambrian basement rocks to unmetamorphosed, flat-lying Cambrian sediments and unconsolidated Pleistocene glacial materials. The rock formations of the Sault Ste. Marie area have been arranged by earlier workers (McConnell 1926) into five major structural and stratigraphic elements, each quite distinct in age and character.

The analysis of glacier wasting is a tripartate study which includes: the measurement of the quantity of wasting, an examination of the causes of wasting, and an investigation of the means of disposal of the waste products. This particular investigation is an attempt to improve upon the accuracy of measurements of wasting so that future investigators will be able to make more meaningful statements regarding cause. In the 1930's the first quantitative studies of the heat exchange at a melting ice surface were made in Scandinavia. By measuring the heat received at the surface from radiation, convection and conduction from the atmosphere, glacial-meteorologists were able, with limited accuracy, to relate the heat received at the surface to the melt measured from the surface lowering of the glacier. This type of study has now been carried out in many varied locations with a concommitant rise in the sophistication of the observational techniques.

Two spherical undulatory quartz samples from Pennsylvania and Labrador were studied by optical and x-ray methods. Optical studies of undulatory quartz with a two-axis goniometer showed that they have a larger range of undulatory extinction with a large standard deviation. The undulatory range is proportional to the stress and to the sample size. Tne undulatory extinction in quartz is due to misorientation of the crystallites in the crystal. From x-ray precession photographs it was observed that undulatory quartz produces diffuse spots elongated along the Debye-Scherrer rings. The size of the spots increases linearly with increasing radius of the Debye-Scherrer ring. When the elongation of the spots on a-axis and c-axis precession photographs were compared, spots in the c-precession photograph were more elongated. Therefore, it was concluded that there are more dislocations along a-axis in the sample. Non-symmetrical density distribution of an x-ray topography of a spot was observed. [...]

[...] The extensive exploration activity, precipitated by the discovery of a major base metal deposit in 1957, made it desirable to compile and integrate the rapidly accruing geologic data. The writer undertook this project for the Quebec Department of Natural Resources. [...]

During the past three years the author has been engaged in studies of petrological and structural problems in an area including the Verna uranium deposit, located in northwestern Saskatchewan, three miles northeast of the Eldorado townsite (fig. 2). Field studies in the Verna area were supplemented by laboratory work at McGill University. The field work entailed surface mapping at a scale of one inch equals 100 feet, underground mapping at a scale of one inch equals 20 feet and the logging of several thousand feet of diamond drill core. Laboratory research included flat- and universal-stage thin-section study, mineral identification by X-ray diffraction and refractive index methods and wet chemical analyses to determine the contents of major elements in twelve rocks. [...]

The Deweras Formation between the Umfuli and Umniati Rivers consists of an upper series of arkoses and shales, (Arenaceous Series), a middle sequence of tholeiitic lavas, (Volcanic Series), and a lower discontinuous series of quartzite and conglomerate, (Basal Sedimentary Series). The succession is interpreted as being deposited in a variable shallow water to continental environment, which in this instance is believed to be associated with a step faulted or graben structure. [...]

In recent years our knowledge of ore deposits, and of the conditions under which they were deposited, has been augmented by experimental investigations of sulphide, and to a lesser extent, arsenide, oxide, selenide, and telluride systems. The physical conditions of formation for the gold-silver tellurides were examined in detail in the present study. These minerals have a wide geographic distribution and occur in several geological environments. The spectacular ores at the gold and silver mining camps of Cripple Creek, Colorado, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia, and Sacarambu and Offenbanya in Transylvania consisted of telluride mineralization. Gold-silver tellurides are also present as minor constituents in some sulphide ore deposits and quartz-vein-type gold deposits. There are as many as 26 such occurrences in the Canadian shield alone (Thompson, 1949). [...]