The South Hopewell Sound area is one of complex Precambrian geology. The present study was suggested by Professor E. H. Kranck of McGill University who visited the area during a journey of research along the east coast of Hudson Bay and James Bay in the summer of 1947. Field work in the area was carried out during the summers of 1959 and 1960. The McGill Carnegie Arctic Institute financed the summer work in 1959. The field work of the summer of 1960 was carried out under the auspices of the Quebec Department of Natural Resources. The area studied is approximately 480 square miles in extent, including the mainland and the coastal islands. The mainland is part of the province of Quebec and the coastal islands are part of the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories.

This investigation is essentially a combined mineralogical and geochemical study of the St. Lawrence Lowland Paleozoic shales, with the greater emphasis placed upon mineralogy. The principal objective was to determine the mineralogical composition of these shales and to relate variations in mineralogy to changes in the overall geological picture. With a few minor exceptions, no previous work of this type had ever been undertaken within this region. It has been found that differences in shale mineralogy, as determined by X-ray diffraction procedures, could be directly related to variations in tectonic activity of the Canadian Shield and the land mass of Vermontia, the two principal source areas from which the clastic sediments of the St. Lawrence Lowland were derived.

Garnets from kimberlite occurrences in the Republic of South Africa, South West Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika, Guinea and Sierra Leone were analysed, by physical methods of analysis. The purpose of making the analysis was two-fold: 1. To compare the composition of garnets from diamond-bearing, with those from non diamond-bearing kimberlites. 2. To evaluate the results of analysis by physical methods, by comparing them with the results of chemical analyses. Analyses by physical methods were made by measuring the refractive indices, the lattice constants and the specific gravities of the garnets and plotting them, along with chemical composition, on a three dimensional tetrahedral diagram (after Winchell, 1958). No difference was found between the garnets from diamond bearing and those from non diamond-bearing kimberlites. Analysis by physical methods was found to be almost as good, and in the case of small samples, probably better than chemical analyses.

On central western Axel Heiberg Island, which lies across the axis of the Sverdrup Basin, there are about forty diapirs composed of Lower Pennsylvanian anhydrite and microfossiliferous limestone. Inclusions of foreign sedimentary rock are extremely scarce. Diabase inclusions of undetermined age and intrusions of Upper Cretaceous age are common. The diapirs can be classified into three main groups, based on the structural setting in which they occur: domical diapirs, anticlinal diapirs and fault diapirs. They do not appear to be underlain by rock salt. The hypothesis that these diapirs originated from a thick gypsum layer which was subsequently dehydrated to anhydrite best explains the available data.

The area lies along the "Grenville front" in a heavily glaciated area of southwestern Labrador. About 250 modal analyses and associated optical and X-ray determinations, 17 semiquantitative spectrographic iron-formation analyses, 2 chemical analyses of gabbro and amphibolite, and other analyses are reported on. A granitic basement complex is overlain unconformably by metamorphosed, over lapping, stable, shelf-type rocks of the Labrador Geosyncline such as quartzmica- plagioclase schist, graphitic schist, meta-orthoquartzite, silicate-oxidecarbonate iron-formation, and amphibolite of possible volcanic origin. These rocks were probably folded when the Ungava Fold Belt was formed. Later, the area was profoundly affected by the Grenville orogeny. Basic intrusions were emplaced and amphibolized, and minor granitic intrusions were emplaced later during the same orogeny.

In this thesis the possibility of modelling mineral reactions using relatively low-melting point materials is studied. The model materials considered were assumed to be more reactive than the minerals, but behaved similarly under suitably reduced physico-chemical conditions. A review of the literature of the sciences related to geology, especially salt chemistry, glaciology, metallurgy, ceramics and glass technology revealed that many cheap and readily available substances could be used as model materials. The "model structures" of the silicates, the fluoberyllates, were also investigated. Twenty simple physico-chemical modelling experiments concerning crystallization, recrystallization, solution, melting and deformation were performed. These experiments utilized alums, salts, iodine, and inert and reactive markers.

This thesis discusses correlation of the Silurian and Devonian rocks between the Lake Temiscouata and the Lake Matapedia areas. In certain correlations, two solutions are possible; the writer has proposed those which appear most logical at the present. The area is located in the Northern Appalachian Highlands, between the Matapedia and Temiscouata river valleys. The writer has not mapped this entire area by himself, his main work has been directed in the center part of the area. However, for a better understanding of the correlation of Silurian strata between the two extremities, it became necessary to include work done by other workers in both the Matapedia valley, and Lake Temiscouata valley.

Fifty-four kimberlite pipes and dykes cut Precambrian granite in the Singida region of Tanganyika. The pipes range from 60 to 2500 feet in diameter, and occur in clusters and lines. The lines follow fracture zones. In addition to intrusive kimberlite, the pipes contain massive to stratified kimberlite tuff and sedimentary-tuffaceous beds. Some pipes have jackets of explosion breccia. The Singida pipes represent the upper parts of kimberlite volcanoes. The kimberlite consists mostly of serpentine which has replaced olivine. Magnesian ilmenite, pyrope, dark green diopside and perovskite are characteristic accessory minerals. After consolidation the kimberlite was entirely serpentinized, and partly carbonatized and silicified.

The Knob Lake Ridge is located near Schefferville townsite, three hundred and seventy miles north of Seven Islands; the Knob Lake Ridge defines the New-Quebec-Newfoundland-Labrador boundary adjacent to the critical ore zone. The Labrador trough represents a structural depression seven hundred miles long and twenty to sixty miles in width running southeast-northwest and extending south from the Payne River situated at the 60° parallel on the western shores of Ungava Bay to the fifty first degree parallel. This trough represents a geosyncline that was partially filled by a succession of sedimentary strata.

The phase boundaries as obtained in the Ag-Sb system are as follows: Sb-rich solvus of ε phase at 500, 450, 400 and 350, and 300°C is 18.2, 17.7, 17.75 and 17.7 weight per cent Sb respectively. Ag-rich solvus of ε' phase (dyscrasite) at 500, and 450, 400, 350, 300° C is 22.5 and 22.9 weight per cent Sb respectively. Sb-rich solvus of ε' phase at 500, 450, 400 and 350°C is 27.2 weight per cent Sb and at 300°C is 26.9 weight per cent Sb. No inversion of ε’ to ε” at about 440-449°C was observed. The homogeneity range of pyrargyrite is probably less than 1 weight per cent Sb2S3 at 400° C and in miargyrite less than 0.6 weight percent Sb2S3 at 400°C.