published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

by Tse Sui-fai, Peter. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-169). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xi / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of the problem --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Occurrence of urban sediments in an urban setting --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Nature of urban sediments --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Importance of studying urban sediment --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of this research --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6 --- Structure of this research --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Hydrological problems related to urbanisation --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Importance of the urban sediment on the environment --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Road surface sediments --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gully pot or catchment sediments --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Sewer sediments --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Studies on the characteristics of urban sediments --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Particle size and volatile content --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Surface features identification by using the SEM --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Studies in sub-tropical humid areas --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- Problems raised from the previous studies and directions --- p.29 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- STUDY AREA - FO TAN CATCHMENT / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2 --- Fo Tan Catchment --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Geology --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Landuse --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Road surface and traffic characteristics --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Stormwater drainage network --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- A unique hydrological year --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- METHODOLOGY / Chapter 4.1 --- Rationale for the research method --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Operationalisation of the concept --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Street surface sediments --- p.62 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Gully pot sediments --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Sewer sediments --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.2.4 --- Channel deposits --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Study area---Fo Tan --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Empirical data and their collection --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Sampling sites --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Sample collection --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Street surface sediments --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Gully pot sediments --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Channel deposits --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Sample treatment --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Analyses of samples --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Particle size distribution --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Dry sieving analysis --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Volatile solids --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Surface characteristics of sediment grains --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- The use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Preparation of samples --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Data analysis and presentation --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.74 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN SEDIMENTS / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Composition of the street surface sediments --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Street surface sediment loading --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Loading rate with slope factor --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Street sediment loads in different landuse areas --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Particle size distribution of the sediments --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.5.1 --- Particle sizing for different sites in the same environment --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.5.2 --- Particle size distribution for different sampling dates --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.5.3 --- Particle size distribution in different environments --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.5.5 --- Phi study --- p.91 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Bivariate scattergram analysis --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.100 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- VOLATILE SOLIDS ANALYSIS / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The mean volatile solids in different environments --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The relationship between phi median and volatile solids content --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Particle size distribution on the volatile solids content --- p.110 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Effects of road surface characteristics --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Effects of traffic flow --- p.112 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Effects of landuse pattern --- p.114 / Chapter 6.4 --- Particle size and volatile solids: a synthesis --- p.114 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER VII --- SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.120 / Chapter 7.2 --- Results --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Quantitative analysis of the surface features on grains from different depositional environments --- p.125 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Description of the texture of the samples --- p.130 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Texture interpretation --- p.142 / Chapter 7.3 --- Discussions --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Surface texture description and its relationship to landuse pattern --- p.143 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Sediment transport in an urban setting: a synthesis --- p.146 / Chapter CHAPTER VIII --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 8.1 --- Findings of this research --- p.152 / Chapter 8.2 --- Future directions --- p.157 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Equipment used in reducing urban sediments --- p.157 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Sweeping practices of the street surface --- p.158 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- The use of SEM in urban sediments --- p.159 / Chapter 8.3 --- Conclusions --- p.160 / REFERENCES --- p.161 / APPENDICES --- p.170

published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

A gap exists between people and geological treasures which they have failed to recognised, in particular their scientific, educational, cultural, and aesthetic values. In general, comprehensive treatment on conservation of geoheritage is missing in the local context. Identification of geoheritages may be the first step to bridge the gap, but there is no workable definition to start with. Some overseas authorities may give guidance to identify the targets, so an inventory of significant geoheritages can be established to facilitate their protection and monitoring. The need for conservation of geoheritages is generally overlooked. There are specific authorities and legislation to protect cultural heritages and biodiversity, but not so for geoheritages, even for those within the Geopark, which may fall victim to rapid economic development, a more potential impact than the natural processes of weathering and erosion. A similar conservation vacuum is also observed with many stone monuments which share the same fate as geoheritages. On the other hand, a close relationship exists among the biological, cultural/historical and geological aspects of a site to justify inclusion of geoheritages in the current conservation regime. An integral management approach could be an effective strategy for conserving these aspects within the same location. Appreciating geoheritages in the field brings nice surprises to the curious, which underpins that geology can be made an interesting and lively study. The theoretical discussions have been applied to a case study on Po Toi. A fieldtrip worksheet was designed to serve as an example for students and other interested members of the public who are encouraged to retrace the steps of the author in an enjoyable learning experience. / published_or_final_version / Applied Geosciences / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Arts