The Fish Creek-Vallecito section is the most stratigraphically complete and structurally intact Neogene exposure in the Salton Trough, and thus provides a useful reference section for regional stratigraphie revision and historical interpretation of the early Gulf of California and Colorado Delta. The section comprises a marine sequence (Imperial Formation) bracketed by nonmarine units (Split Mountain and Alverson Formations below, Palm Spring Formation and Canebrake Conglomerate above). Recognition of distinct suites of locally-derived and Colorado River-derived sediment, combined with sedimentological evidence, led to revision of this sequence in terms of informal members and geneticstratigraphic units: (1) pre-rift braided-stream deposits (2) syn-rift fanglomerates and volcanics, with local pre-marine evaporites; (3) pre-deltaic marine units, deposited primarily as small fan deltas; a progradational sequence of the ancestral Colorado delta, consisting of (4) an upward-shoaling marine sequence, and (5) a nonmarine deltaplain sequence; (6) lacustrine units; and (7) locally-derived basinmargin alluvium that interfingers with (4), (5) and (6). Neogene palinspastic base maps for paleogeographic mapping were based on displacement histories for the Pacific-North American plate boundary and its constituent faults. The tectonic-sedimentary history consists of: (1) early to middle Miocene rifting that propagated southward from southern California to the Gulf mouth; (2) northward marine transgression of the rift basin, reaching southern California by the late Miocene; (3) development of the San Andreas-Gulf of California transform boundary by inboard transfer of intraplate slip; (4) earliest Pliocene initiation of the lower Colorado River and Delta by rapid epeirogenic uplift of the Bouse Embayment; and (5) late Pliocene or Pleistocene transpressive uplift in the western Salton Trough caused by outboard transfer of slip from the San Andreas fault. The stratigraphic succession in the western Salton Trough resulted largely from tectonic transport through a series of paleoenvironments anchored to the North American plate by the entry point of the Colorado River.

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Poorly preserved fossil wood collected throughout the terrane had been the basis of a Cretaceous age assignment. New age constraints come from paleomagnetic data which fail the fold test at both regional and local levels. These data indicate that the paleomagnetism was produced by a post-folding metamorphic event. The resulting paleomagnetic pole at 58.9°N, 114.6°E falls on the North American apparent polar wander path very near a pole from the Callovian Summerville Formation. These data imply that Callovian is a minimum age for the metamorphism and that the proto1ith is older.

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Geoarchaeology -- Pre-Clovis archaeology -- Site search strategies.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND LINDGREN. / Bibliography: leaves 385-399. / by Christopher Scott Cameron. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1982. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science / Bibliography: leaves 207-215. / by John Sharry. / Ph.D.