Thesis (M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017 / The purpose of this study was to explore the role of folding back in enriching grade 10 students’ reasoning in geometry. Although various attempts are made in teaching and learning geometry, evidence from several research studies shows that most learners struggle with geometric reasoning. Hence, this study came as a result of such learners’ struggles as shown in the literature as well as personal experiences. The study was a constructivist teaching experiment methodology that sought to answer the following research questions: How does folding back support learners’ interaction with geometric reasoning tasks during the lessons? How does a Grade 10 mathematics teacher use folding back to enrich student reasoning in geometry? The teaching experiment as a research design in this study was found useful in studying learners’ geometric reasoning as a result of mathematical interactions in their learning of geometry. Therefore, it should be noted that the teaching experiments were not conducted as an attempt to implement a particular way of teaching, but rather to understand the role of folding back in enriching learners’ reasoning in geometry. As a referent to the teaching experiment methodology, the participants in this study were 7 grade 10 mathematics learners’ sampled from a classroom of 54 learners. These seven learners did not necessarily represent the whole class in accordance with the purpose of the study. This requirement was not necessary in determining rigour in teaching experiments. Instead interest was on “organising and guiding [teacher-researchers] experience of learners doing mathematics” (Steffe & Thompson, 2000, p. 300). Furthermore, the participants were divided into two groups while working on the learning activities. Participants were further encouraged to share ideas with each other as they solved the learning activities. Data was collected through video recording while learners were working on mathematical learning activities. The focus was on the researcher-teacher – learners and learners-learners interactions while working on geometric reasoning learning activities. Learning activities and observations served as subsets of the video data. Learners were encouraged to share ideas with each other as they v solved the learning activities as recommended by Steffe and Thompson (2000). Likewise, in order to learn the learners’ mathematics, the researcher could teach and interact with learners in a way that encourage them to improve their current thinking (Steffe & Thompson, 2000). In analysing data, the study adopted narrative analysis. The researcher performed verbatim transcription of the video recordings. Subsequently, information-rich interaction for each mathematical learning activity, where folding back was observed was selected. The selections of such information-rich interactions were guided by Martin’s (2008) framework for describing folding back. The main findings of the study revealed that in a learning environment where folding back takes place, learners’ reasoning in geometry is enriched. The researcher-teacher’s instructional decisions such as discouraging, questioning, modelling and guiding were found to be effective sources through which learners fold back. The findings also revealed that learners operating at different layers of mathematical understanding are able to share their geometry knowledge with their peers. Moreover, the findings indicated that in a learning environment where folding back takes place, learners questioning ability is enriched. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations were that Mathematics teachers should create a learning environment where learners are afforded the opportunity to interact with each other during geometry problem solving; such is a powerful quest for folding back to take place. / Research Chair Developmental Grant at the University of Limpopo

A combination of theoretical perspectives is used to create a rich description of student reasoning when facing a highly-geometric electricity and magnetism problem in an upper-division active-engagement physics classroom at Oregon State University. Geometric reasoning as students encounter problem situations ranging from familiar to novel is described using van Zee and Manogue's (2010) ethnography of communication. Bing's (2008) epistemic framing model is used to illuminate how students are framing what they are doing and whether or not they see the problem as geometric. Kuo, Hull, Gupta, and Elby's (2010) blending model and Krutetskii's (1976) model of harmonic reasoning are used to illuminate ways students show problem-solving expertise. Sayer and Wittmann's (2008) model is used to show how resource plasticity impacts students' geometric reasoning and the degree to which students accept incorrect results. / Graduation date: 2013