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This graduation thesis deals with comparison of performance of progeny of German shepherd the national and foreign stud dogs. The literary overview follows the history and current form of the International Examination Rules, breeding of German shepherds in the Czech Republic and on global level. It describes complete characteristics of a German shepherd, like the physique, body measurements, living demands and then it is engaged in influences affecting the sport performance of dogs, breeding conditions and it follows the most frequent health problems in German shepherds breeding. The core of the thesis includes analyses of performance of gets of national and foreign stud dogs in the position of a father or father's father in selective competitions, Czech Republic Championships IPO and Championships of the Czech Club of German Shepherds (M ČKNO). There were monitored the data on numbers of individuals in specified competitions in monitored periods of the years 2009 2016. More, dogs placed on 1st up to 10th positions at MČR IPO and M ČKNO were assessed from the point of view of fathers and grandfathers. On the basis of detailed monitoring and analysis it was detected that that dogs from foreign stud dogs origin whether in father's or grandfather's positions are more frequently used in sport cynology. There were 58% of participating dogs from foreign stud dogs and only 42% of dogs with fathers of Czech origin participating in selective competitions. It was established that 61% of participating dogs from foreign stud dogs and 39% of dogs with fathers of Czech origin participated in MČR IPO. The stud dogs of dogs participating in ČKNO Championship were of 68 % of foreign origin and 32 % of nationals. In the course of more detailed analysis (assessment of dogs taking up to 10th position in MČR IPO and M ČKNO) it was established that 67,9% respectively 61,25% of the most successful sport dogs have fathers from foreign kennels, while only 32,1% respectively 38,75 % are from stud dogs from Czech kennels. The best stud dogs from abroad were Ellute von der Mohenwiese and Tom van't Leefdaalhof. Jaguar Aritar Bastet and Hoky Va Pe belonged to the best national stud dogs.

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma doença poligênica, hereditária que acomete várias espécies e é influenciada por diversos fatores durante o desenvolvimento causando incongruência articular. É uma das afecções ortopédicas mais comuns em cães e possui alta incidência em animais da raça Pastor Alemão. O objetivo desse estudo foi correlacionar o grau de severidade da DCF com a locomoção dos cães através da análise cinética pelo sistema de baropodometria (Tekscan®) que propicia de modo quantitativo os valores das forças verticais de reação ao solo verificando assim alterações no apoio de cães displásicos durante a locomoção. Foram formados 5 grupos de acordo com a classificação de DCF segundo as categorias A, B, C, D e E com 8 pastores alemães em cada. Os animais foram examinados para controle e descrição dos sinais apresentados, bem como realizaram o teste de análise cinética do qual foi retirado 5 passagens válidas sobre a plataforma múltipla para comparação entre as forças de reação ao solo (FRS). Na análise cinética foram avaliados: - pico de força vertical (PFV), impulso vertical (IV) e tempo de apoio (TA) com a velocidade constante entre 1,3 a 1,6 m/s. Além da metodologia convencional foi realizada a análise de cada região de apoio, a fim de verificar a distribuição das FRS nos coxins e dígitos. Dos resultados obtidos nota-se uma tendência a diminuição progressiva do PFV nos membros pélvicos (MPs) a partir do grupo de cães com displasia leve (C) e o impulso se apresentou diminuído nos cães displásicos sem qualquer correlação com a severidade da doença. Nenhuma compensação relevante foi encontrada nos membros torácicos (MTs) e não houve diferença entre o TA em cães displásicos. A simetria entre o lado direito e esquerdo foi constatada em todos os grupos pela análise convencional. A nova metodologia permitiu a descrição detalhada do padrão da curva de força em formato de M realizada pelo coxim no inicio do apoio e pelos dígitos em um segundo momento. Entretanto dada a variabilidade e assimetria do apoio nessas regiões pode-se inferir que o coxim dos MTs têm maior porcentagem de apoio em relação aos dos MPs e essa distribuição não é afetada de modo regular na DCF. Os sinais clínicos apresentados ao exame físico como a dor, claudicação, atrofia muscular e diminuição de amplitude articular, corroboram com a diminuição do apoio em cães displásicos. Conclui-se que de acordo com o grau de severidade da DCF os animais têm uma tendência a apoiarem menos nos MPs, entretanto deve-se levar em conta a condição individual de cada animal, pois há cães displásicos que possuem o mesmo padrão de apoio de cães livres de DCF. / Hip dysplasia (HD) is a polygenic disease, inherited that affects many species and is influenced by several factors during development causing joint incongruity. It is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs and has a high incidence in German shepherd dogs. The objective of this study was to correlate the degree of severity of the HD with the locomotion of dogs by kinetic analysis trough the pressure walkway system (Tekscan®) that provides quantitative values of vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) to the changes in the support of dysplastic dogs during locomotion. Five groups were performed according to HD´s classification in the categories A, B, C, D and E in German shepherd dogs total of 8 animals in each group. Dogs were examined and kinetic analysis was performed with 5 valid passages on the multiple platforms were used for comparison each groups. In kinetic analysis was assessed the peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and stance phase (SF) with a constant speed between 1.3 to 1.6m/s. Besides conventional methodology the analysis of support checking the distribution of GRF in the pad and digits in each region were innovative. Results had a tendency to decrease progressively the PVF in the hindlimbs (HL) from group C (mild dysplasia) and VI is decreased in dysplastic dogs without any correlation with the severity of disease. Relevant compensation was not found in the forelimbs (FL) and even in dysplastic dogs there were no difference between the SF. Symmetry between the right and left side was found in all groups by conventional analyze. The new methodology has allowed a detailed description of the standard curve of force in M-shaped held by the support pad at the beginning and the digits in a second time. However given the variability and asymmetry of support in these areas we can only assert that the FL pads have a higher percentage of support from HL and this distribution is not affected on a regular basis in the HD. The clinical signs presented by physical examination like pain, lameness, muscle atrophy and articulate amplitude decreased, corroborated with the support decrease in dysplastic dogs. We conclude that according to the severity HD degree animals have tendencies to support less at the HL. However it should be consider the individual response because there are dysplastic dogs that have the same pattern of support that dogs free of HD.

As our long-term companions, dogs’ communication with us is perhaps the most developed of all human- animal ones. This study was aimed to investigate breed differences of German Shepherds and Labradors in dog-human communication. This was obtained through two tests: a problem-solving task and a pointing test. These two tests target both directions of communication: how much dogs understand and respond to the pointing and how they communicate with humans when facing a problem. Additionally, hair cortisol was measured in the dogs and dog owners filled a behavioural questionnaire (C-BARQ). The main breed difference I found was that Labradors performed better in both tests. I also found that the latency of the dogs’ choices in the pointing test correlated with many factors, e.g. they chose quicker when: choosing correctly, when they had many physical contacts with the experimenter in the problem-solving task, when they were more intense, energetic dogs, when they had higher hair cortisol levels and when they had a confident body posture. This indicates that the latency of choice could depend on the confidence of the dog and on the trust in the experimenter as well as on energy level and focus ability. Overall, this study revealed a limited amount of breed differences, compared to a parallel study on Labrador types (hunting and show dogs), showing that intra-breed differences can be more important than inter-breed ones on a behavioural level.

A displasia coxofemoral (DCF) é uma doença poligênica, hereditária que acomete várias espécies e é influenciada por diversos fatores durante o desenvolvimento causando incongruência articular. É uma das afecções ortopédicas mais comuns em cães e possui alta incidência em animais da raça Pastor Alemão. O objetivo desse estudo foi correlacionar o grau de severidade da DCF com a locomoção dos cães através da análise cinética pelo sistema de baropodometria (Tekscan®) que propicia de modo quantitativo os valores das forças verticais de reação ao solo verificando assim alterações no apoio de cães displásicos durante a locomoção. Foram formados 5 grupos de acordo com a classificação de DCF segundo as categorias A, B, C, D e E com 8 pastores alemães em cada. Os animais foram examinados para controle e descrição dos sinais apresentados, bem como realizaram o teste de análise cinética do qual foi retirado 5 passagens válidas sobre a plataforma múltipla para comparação entre as forças de reação ao solo (FRS). Na análise cinética foram avaliados: - pico de força vertical (PFV), impulso vertical (IV) e tempo de apoio (TA) com a velocidade constante entre 1,3 a 1,6 m/s. Além da metodologia convencional foi realizada a análise de cada região de apoio, a fim de verificar a distribuição das FRS nos coxins e dígitos. Dos resultados obtidos nota-se uma tendência a diminuição progressiva do PFV nos membros pélvicos (MPs) a partir do grupo de cães com displasia leve (C) e o impulso se apresentou diminuído nos cães displásicos sem qualquer correlação com a severidade da doença. Nenhuma compensação relevante foi encontrada nos membros torácicos (MTs) e não houve diferença entre o TA em cães displásicos. A simetria entre o lado direito e esquerdo foi constatada em todos os grupos pela análise convencional. A nova metodologia permitiu a descrição detalhada do padrão da curva de força em formato de M realizada pelo coxim no inicio do apoio e pelos dígitos em um segundo momento. Entretanto dada a variabilidade e assimetria do apoio nessas regiões pode-se inferir que o coxim dos MTs têm maior porcentagem de apoio em relação aos dos MPs e essa distribuição não é afetada de modo regular na DCF. Os sinais clínicos apresentados ao exame físico como a dor, claudicação, atrofia muscular e diminuição de amplitude articular, corroboram com a diminuição do apoio em cães displásicos. Conclui-se que de acordo com o grau de severidade da DCF os animais têm uma tendência a apoiarem menos nos MPs, entretanto deve-se levar em conta a condição individual de cada animal, pois há cães displásicos que possuem o mesmo padrão de apoio de cães livres de DCF. / Hip dysplasia (HD) is a polygenic disease, inherited that affects many species and is influenced by several factors during development causing joint incongruity. It is one of the most common orthopedic disorders in dogs and has a high incidence in German shepherd dogs. The objective of this study was to correlate the degree of severity of the HD with the locomotion of dogs by kinetic analysis trough the pressure walkway system (Tekscan®) that provides quantitative values of vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) to the changes in the support of dysplastic dogs during locomotion. Five groups were performed according to HD´s classification in the categories A, B, C, D and E in German shepherd dogs total of 8 animals in each group. Dogs were examined and kinetic analysis was performed with 5 valid passages on the multiple platforms were used for comparison each groups. In kinetic analysis was assessed the peak vertical force (PVF), vertical impulse (VI), and stance phase (SF) with a constant speed between 1.3 to 1.6m/s. Besides conventional methodology the analysis of support checking the distribution of GRF in the pad and digits in each region were innovative. Results had a tendency to decrease progressively the PVF in the hindlimbs (HL) from group C (mild dysplasia) and VI is decreased in dysplastic dogs without any correlation with the severity of disease. Relevant compensation was not found in the forelimbs (FL) and even in dysplastic dogs there were no difference between the SF. Symmetry between the right and left side was found in all groups by conventional analyze. The new methodology has allowed a detailed description of the standard curve of force in M-shaped held by the support pad at the beginning and the digits in a second time. However given the variability and asymmetry of support in these areas we can only assert that the FL pads have a higher percentage of support from HL and this distribution is not affected on a regular basis in the HD. The clinical signs presented by physical examination like pain, lameness, muscle atrophy and articulate amplitude decreased, corroborated with the support decrease in dysplastic dogs. We conclude that according to the severity HD degree animals have tendencies to support less at the HL. However it should be consider the individual response because there are dysplastic dogs that have the same pattern of support that dogs free of HD.