Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-12T19:40:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GabriellaCynaraMinoraDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 4493024 bytes, checksum: 432d54d1c8f1461381c003eb22649266 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-14T19:50:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GabriellaCynaraMinoraDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 4493024 bytes, checksum: 432d54d1c8f1461381c003eb22649266 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-14T19:50:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabriellaCynaraMinoraDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 4493024 bytes, checksum: 432d54d1c8f1461381c003eb22649266 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As macroalgas e faner?gamas marinhas, associadas aos recifes de corais, compreendem um dos ambientes mais produtivos do planeta. As macroalgas desempenham uma s?rie de servi?os ecossist?micos, dentre os quais se destacam a produ??o prim?ria, a constru??o dos recifes, a facilita??o para o estabelecimento dos corais e a forma??o de habitats para in?meras outras esp?cies de organismos. Por outro lado, elas s?o potencialmente sens?veis ?s altera??es ambientais, em especial aos impactos causados pelas mudan?as clim?ticas e ? press?o das atividades humanas. Diante destas altera??es ambientais, s?o necess?rios estudos que possam explicar os impactos que essas mudan?as causam nesses organismos e, assim, estabelecer estrat?gias para a conserva??o e restaura??o desses ambientes. T?cnicas de sensoriamento remoto, combinadas com observa??es in situ, t?m sido bastante utilizadas para mapear bancos algais em todo o mundo. A ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental dos Recifes de Corais/RN ? APARC abriga uma grande diversidade de esp?cies algais, no entanto, apesar de constituir uma Unidade de Conserva??o, ? prov?vel que seus recursos estejam sendo depredados decorrentes de atividades antr?picas, como o turismo e a pesca predat?ria, e das mudan?as no clima global, como a varia??o na temperatura e na acidez dos oceanos. Nesse sentido, este trabalho utilizou dados de sat?lite Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), instrumento Advanced visible and Near infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR-2) para verificar a distribui??o de macroalgas e faner?gamas na APARC, mais precisamente nos recifes de Maracaja? e Rio do Fogo. Para isso, foram realizadas classifica??es n?o supervisionadas e uma s?rie de classifica??es supervisionadas flex?veis e r?gidas. Por fim, foi confeccionado o Modelo Digital Batim?trico (MDB) e o Modelo Digital de Declividade (MDD), a fim de entender a rela??o entre a fixa??o e o desenvolvimento das macroalgas e faner?gamas com a profundidade da ?gua e a declividade dos corpos recifais. A classifica??o supervisionada Maxlike gerou os mapas tem?ticos de ambos os recifes. No recife de Maracaja?, o Maxlike identificou sete classes: (1) Algas densas; (2) Areia; (3) Faner?gamas esparsas; (4) Faner?gamas densas; (5) Algas calc?rias; (6) Algas esparsas; e (7) Areia fina. O coeficiente Kappa (0,84) foi considerado excelente. No recife de Rio do Fogo, o Maxlike identificou seis classes: (1) Macroalgas; (2) Concre??es de algas calc?rias; (3) Areia; (4) Areia com mistura calc?ria; (5) Faner?gamas e (6) Recifes de corais. O coeficiente Kappa (0,75) foi considerado substancial. Em ambos os recifes, as macroalgas encontram-se predominantemente na ?rea central, entre as is?batas -1 e -3 m, principalmente. ? uma ?rea relativamente plana, com 2% de declividade em Maracaja? e 3% em Rio do Fogo. As algas calc?rias, formando ou n?o concre??es, localizam-se principalmente nas extremidades do recife, especialmente na borda externa (reef front), em profundidades de at? -5 m. As faner?gamas ocorrem principalmente na borda interna (back reef), entre as is?batas -2 e -6 m. As bordas dos recifes configuraram as regi?es de maior declividade, com at? 5% no recife de Maracaja? e at? 7% no recife de Rio do Fogo. Em ambos os recifes foram registrados os seguintes grupos morfofuncionais: foli?ceas, ramificadas, cori?ceas, calc?rias articuladas e calc?rias crostosas. Espera-se que esse trabalho possa fornecer subs?dios para o planejamento e gest?o da APARC, conduzindo a utiliza??o cada vez mais sustent?vel dessa Unidade de Conserva??o. / Seaweeds and seagrasses associated with coral reefs comprise one of the most productive environments on the planet. Seaweeds have several roles in ecosystem services, including primary production, reef construction, facilitation of coral establishment and habitat formation for numerous other species. On the other hand, they are potentially sensitive to environmental changes, especially the impacts caused by climate change and the pressure of human activities. Because of these environmental changes, studies that can explain the impacts that these changes cause in these organisms and, thus, establish strategies for the conservation and restoration of these environments are needed. Remote sensing techniques combined with in situ observations have been widely used to map algal beds around the world. The Coral Reef Environmental Preservation Area / RN - APARC shelters a large diversity of algal species; however, although it is a conservation unit, its resources are likely to be depleted due to anthropic activities, such as tourism and fishing, and changes in global climate, such as changes in ocean temperature and acidity. In this sense, this study applied Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) satellite data, an Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer (AVNIR-2) instrument to verify the distribution of seaweeds and seagrasses in APARC, more precisely in the Maracaja? and Rio do Fogo reefs. For this, unsupervised classifications and a series of soft and hard supervised classifications were performed. Finally, the Digital Bathymetric Model (MDB) and the Digital Slope Model (MDS) were also generated in order to understand the relationship between seaweed and seagrass establishment and development with the water depth and the slope of the reef body.The supervised classification Maxlike generated the thematic maps of both reefs. In the Maracaja? reef, the Maxlike identified seven classes: (1) Dense seaweed; (2) Sand; (3) Sparse seagrass; (4) Dense seagrass; (5) Calcareous seaweed; (6) Sparse seaweed; and (7) Fine sand. The Kappa coefficient (0.84) was considered excellent. Concerning Rio do Fogo reef, the Maxlike identified six classes: (1) Seaweed; (2) Calcareous seaweed concretions; (3) Sand; (4) Sand with limestone; (5) Seagrass; and (6) Coral Reefs. The Kappa coefficient (0.75) was considered substantial. In both reefs, seaweeds are predominantly in the central area, mainly between isobaths -1 and -3 m. This region is a relatively flat area, with a 2% slope in Maracaja? and a 3% slope in Rio do Fogo. Calcareous seaweed, forming or not concretions, are located mainly in the reef extremities, especially in the reef front, in depths of up to -5 m. Seagrasses occur mainly in the back reef, between isobaths -2 and -6 m. The edges of the reefs are the regions with the highest slopes, up to 5% in Maracaja? reef and up to 7% in Rio do Fogo reef. In both reefs, the following morphofunctional groups were recorded: foliose, leathery, corticated, articulated calcareous and crustose seaweed. This work may provide support for the planning and management of APARC, leading to the increasingly sustainable use of this conservation unit.