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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Chemical Feedback From Decreasing Carbon Monoxide Emissions

Gaubert, B., Worden, H. M., Arellano, A. F. J., Emmons, L. K., Tilmes, S., Barré, J., Martinez Alonso, S., Vitt, F., Anderson, J. L., Alkemade, F., Houweling, S., Edwards, D. P. 16 October 2017 (has links)
Understanding changes in the burden and growth rate of atmospheric methane (CH4) has been the focus of several recent studies but still lacks scientific consensus. Here we investigate the role of decreasing anthropogenic carbon monoxide (CO) emissions since 2002 on hydroxyl radical (OH) sinks and tropospheric CH4 loss. We quantify this impact by contrasting two model simulations for 2002-2013: (1) a Measurement of the Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO reanalysis and (2) a Control-Run without CO assimilation. These simulations are performed with the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry of the Community Earth System Model fully coupled chemistry climate model with prescribed CH4 surface concentrations. The assimilation of MOPITT observations constrains the global CO burden, which significantly decreased over this period by similar to 20%. We find that this decrease results to (a) increase in CO chemical production, (b) higher CH4 oxidation by OH, and (c) similar to 8% shorter CH4 lifetime. We elucidate this coupling by a surrogate mechanism for CO-OH-CH4 that is quantified from the full chemistry simulations.
2

Étude des processus élementaires impliqués en combustion à volume constant / Study of Elementary Processes Involved in Constant Volume Combustion

Er-Raiy, Aimad 14 December 2018 (has links)
La propagation de flammes turbulentes dans des milieux réactifs inhomogènes concerne un grand nombre d’applications pratiques, y compris celles qui reposent sur des cycles de combustion à volume constant. Les hétérogénéités de composition (richesse, température,dilution par des gaz brûlés, etc.) sont issues de plusieurs facteurs distincts tels que la dispersion du spray de gouttelettes de combustible et son évaporation, la topologie de l’écoulement ainsi que la présence éventuelle de gaz brûlés résiduels issus du cycle précédent. La structure des flammes partiellement prémélangées qui en résultent est significativement plus complexe que celles des flammes plus classiques de diffusion ou de prémélange. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est donc de contribuer à l’amélioration de leur connaissance, en s’appuyant sur la génération et l’analyse de base de données de simulations numériques directes ou DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation). Celles-ci sont conduites avec le code de calcul Asphodele qui est basé sur l’approximation de faible nombre de Mach. Le combustible de référence retenu est l’iso-octane.La base de données est structurée suivant cinq paramètres qui permettent de caractériser l’écoulement turbulent ainsi que l’hétérogénéité de composition du milieu réactif. Dans un premier temps, des configurations bidimensionnelles ont été considérées en raison du coût élevé induit par la description détaillée de la cinétique chimique. L’étude des ces différents cas de calcul a permis de mettre en lumière plusieurs mécanismes fondamentaux de propagation dans les milieux hétérogènes en composition. Une réduction significative des coûts de calcula pu ensuite être obtenue grâce au développement d’un modèle chimique simplifié optimisé.Son utilisation a permis d’étendre les analyses à de / The propagation of turbulent flames in non-homogeneous reactive mixtures of reactants concerns a large number of practical applications, including those based on constant volume combustion cycles. The composition heterogeneities (equivalence ratio, temperature, dilution by burnt gases, etc.) result from several distinct factors such as the dispersion of the spray of fuel droplets and its evaporation, the flow field topology as well as the possible presence of residual burnt gases issued from the previous cycle. The resulting partially premixed flames structure is significantly more complex than the one of more conventional diffusion or premixed flames.The aim of this thesis work is therefore to contribute to the improvement of their understanding, by proceeding to the generation and analysis of a new set of direct numerical simulations (DNS) databases. The present computations are performed with the low-Mach number DNS solver Asphodele. The database is structured according to five parameters that characterize the turbulent flow as well as the composition heterogeneity of the reactive mixture. First, because of the high numerical costs induced by the detailed description of chemical kinetics, two-dimensional configurations were considered. The study of these various simulations highlights several fundamental mechanisms of flame propagation in heterogeneous mixtures. Then, a significant computational cost saving has been achieved through the development of an optimized simplified chemistry model. The use of the latter allowed to overcome the major bottleneck of high CPU costs related to chemical kinetics description and thus to extend the analysis to three-dimensional configurations. Some of the conclusions obtained previously were reinforced.

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