nÃo hà / The analysis of the supply of goats and sheep by farmers in the municipality of Parnamirim - PE was structured in this research, the reasons for the identification of the determinants of sales of animals and how these variables relate. The weather proved to be the main reason for holding the Sheep and Goat Farming, with most families having vast experience in the activity, average of fifteen to twenty years of operation. The credit and technical assistance support figured as the highest political level of efficiency by the perception of farmers, though still not comprehensive. The use of real estate ventures to explorers for these animals was marked by the presence of owners and leaseholders having equity relative weights among the other types of use. Old and recurring problem is still present, lack of regularization of land in the municipality. Family agriculture and the Sheep and Goat Farming have peculiar characteristics that are vital to show the adequacy of models for exploration and development of policies to support the activity. / A anÃlise da oferta de caprinos e ovinos por agricultores familiares no municÃpio de Parnamirim â PE foi estruturada, nesta pesquisa, fundamentando-se na identificaÃÃo dos fatores determinantes das vendas dos animais e como estas variÃveis se relacionam. As condiÃÃes climÃticas se mostraram o principal motivo para exploraÃÃo da ovinocaprinocultura, com a maior parte das famÃlias possuindo vasta experiÃncia na atividade, mÃdia de quinze a vinte anos de exploraÃÃo. O crÃdito e a assistÃncia tÃcnica figuraram como politicas de apoio de maior grau de eficÃcia pela percepÃÃo dos agricultores, entretanto ainda pouco abrangente. O uso dos imÃveis destinados aos empreendimentos exploradores destes animais ficou marcado pela presenÃa de proprietÃrios e posseiros possuindo equidade de pesos relativos entre os demais tipos de uso. Problema antigo e recorrente ainda se faz presente, falta de regularizaÃÃo fundiÃria das terras do municÃpio. A agricultura familiar e a ovinocaprinocultura possuem caracterÃsticas peculiares que se mostram vitais para adequaÃÃo de modelos de exploraÃÃo e para elaboraÃÃo de politicas de apoio a atividade.

Dissertation (MSc(Agriculture) / The main objective of the study was to analyze the economic viability and sustainability of the leasing system in the development of dairy goat’s keepers group in Ga-Mampa, Mafefe rural community. Mafefe is one of the rural communities where dairy goat keeping is given little or no care by the dairy goat keepers. Through an action research process implemented within the community by the Center for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE/University of Limpopo: Turfloop Campus), community members became interested in developing dairy goat keeping, which was very dubious to the community members as it was their first time to hear about goats bred for milk production. In Limpopo Province, goats are the most common livestock among communal farmers and yet they do not make a significant contribution to the economy of the place, let alone improve income of the households who keep dairy goats. The purpose of the study, therefore, was to find ways to transform the current subsistence system of producing indigenous goats by households in Ga-Mampa Mafefe (Capricorn District (CD)) in the Limpopo Province of South Africa into a viable system of producing, processing and marketing both dairy goats and their byproducts through formal markets. The study attempts to find out as to how a commodity group manages capital through a leasing system to sustainably insure that its members can access a technical innovation: dairy goat keeping. This study also looks at how leasing contributes to the development of the dairy goat project, the community and the development of individual members of the project. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) criteria were used to evaluate the economic viability of the leasing system towards the development of dairy goats. The results indicate that the NPV in this study is greater than zero, therefore the project is considered to be economically viable and sustainable, and also the BCR is greater than one indicating that the project is still profitable and hence acceptable. According to the findings from the analytical techniques, production of dairy goats through the leasing system would be profitable to dairy goat keepers. vi A sensitivity analysis to changes in benefits and costs of inputs was conducted. This found the above project proposal to be viable, even when benefits are reduced by 20%. The project proposal was still viable when the cost of inputs was inflated by 20%. In both cases, the benefit cost ratio is greater than one. Also the combined effect of reducing the benefit by 20% and inflating cots by 20% would result in positive Net Present Value (NPV). Results from a survey carried out further show the possibility and viability of producing satisfactory levels of milk from dairy goats in Limpopo Province. / French Embassy, Centre for Rural Community Empowerment (CRCE)

Thesis (MSc. (Animal Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / A study was done to determine the effect of Acacia (A.) karroo, A. tortilis or A. nilotica leaf meal inclusion in a diet on methane emission and productivity of yearling male Boer goats fed a basal diet of Avena sativa hay. The first part of the study was conducted to determine and compare nutrient contents and tannin levels of A. karroo, A. tortilis and A. nilotica leaf meals and Avena sativa hay in a completely randomised design. The diets means were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference at the 5 % level of probability. The three Acacia species had higher (P<0.05) crude protein contents compared to Avena sativa hay, ranging from 12.42 to 14.49 %. No tannins were detected in Avena sativa hay. Among Acacia species, A. nilotica leaves had higher (P<0.05) total phenolic and total tannin contents than A. karroo and A. tortilis leaves, the latter being similar (P>0.05). All three Acacia species had similar (P>0.05) contents of condensed tannins, ranging from 1.49 to 1.76 %. However, only A. nilotica leaves had hydrolysable tannins of 128 mg/g. The second part of the study was conducted to determine the effect of A. karroo, A. tortilis or A. nilotica leaf meal inclusion level on diet intake and digestibility, methane emission, productivity and blood profiles of yearling male Boer goats. A total of three experiments were conducted and different goats were used in each experiment. A grand total of thirty six (twelve per experiment) yearling male Boer goats with initial mean live weights of 23 ± 2 kg (experiment 1), 23 ± 2 kg (experiment 2) and 23 ± 2 kg (experiment 3) were used in 21-day experiments. The goats were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, each containing A. karroo, A. tortilis or A. nilotica leaf meal inclusion levels at 10, 15, 20 and 30 % with Avena sativa hay as a basal diet. Each goat was housed in well-ventilated individual metabolic pen. The diets were replicated three times. The data collected were subjected to analysis of covariance and analysis of variance in a completely randomized design using SAS. Differences were separated at 5 % level of probability. Additionally, regression equations were used to determine the relationships and responses in optimal diet intake and digestibility, methane emission, productivity and blood profiles of yearling male Boer goats to differing inclusion levels of A. karroo, A. tortilis and A. nilotica leaf meal. v Experiment 1 involved feeding different levels of A. karroo leaf meal inclusion to yearling male Boer goats fed Avena sativa hay as a basal diet. Results of methane emission before and during the experiment indicated that inclusion of A. karroo leaf meal in the diets of goats reduced (P<0.05) methane emission. Similarly, some of the blood parameters before and after experiment were affected (P<0.05) by inclusion of A. karroo leaf meal. However, A. karroo leaf meal inclusion level had no effect (P>0.05) on diet intake, methane emission, live weight changes and digestibility, except (P<0.05) for digestibility of crude fibre. Feed conversion ratio improved linearly with increased A. karroo leaf meal inclusion level. In the case of experiment 2, results of methane emission before and during the experiment indicated that inclusion of A. tortilis leaf meal in the diets of goats reduced (P<0.05) methane emission. Similarly, some of the blood parameters before and after the experiment were affected (P<0.05) by inclusion of A. tortilis leaf meal. However, variation in A. tortilis leaf meal inclusion level had comparable effect (P>0.05) on methane emission, live weight changes and digestibility, except (P<0.05) for digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fibre. Diet intake and feed conversion ratio were affected (P<0.05) by A. tortilis leaf meal inclusion level. A positive relationship was observed between A. tortilis leaf meal inclusion level and diet intake. In experiment 3, results of methane emission before and during the experiment indicated that inclusion of A. nilotica leaf meal in the diets of goats reduced (P<0.05) methane emission. Similarly, some of the blood parameters before and the after experiment were affected (P<0.05) by inclusion of A. nilotica leaf meal. Apart from diet fat digestibility and feed conversion ratio, no statistical differences (P>0.05) were observed on diet intake, digestibility and live weight changes of goats fed A. nilotica leaf meal inclusion level. Positive relationships were observed between A. nilotica leaf meal inclusion level, diet fat digestibility and feed conversion ratio in male Boer goats. The high crude protein and low tannin contents in A. karroo, A. tortilis and A. nilotica leaves indicate that these Acacia species can be safe to use as a source of protein in animal nutrition if used sparingly. It was noted that nutrient intake, digestibility, vi feed conversion ratio and blood profiles of Boer goats in the present study were optimised at different inclusion levels for all the three Acacia species. This may imply that inclusion levels of A. karroo, A. tortilis and A. nilotica leaf meals for optimal productivity will depend on the Acacia species used and, also, on particular productivity parameters in question. Although, A. karroo, A. tortilis and A. nilotica leaf meal reduced methane emission, optimal reduction in methane emission was not determined. Further validation is required to determine Acacia inclusion levels for optimal methane production and emission by goats. / NRF (National Research Foundation), AGRISETA (Agricultural Sector and Education Training Authority) and NSFAS (National Students Financial Aid Scheme)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3821793 bytes, checksum: 7a379abe1955b58387c62876793271b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The concern about environmental impacts and food safety has led to an increased interest and need to find rational alternatives to obtain food. Therefore, this study aimed to present alternatives to the use of by-products from the slaughter of goats and sheep (viscera, blood and meat fragments) with the development of two products - pâté and smoked chorizo. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments for each product, which were added of greater percentage of blood and sheep liver for pâté, goat blood and viscera (kidney and heart) to prepare the chorizo. The results demonstrated that both products showed excellent nutritional and sensory quality. Among the pâté formulations, formulation 2 with 25% liver, 13% blood and 12% meat fragments stood out (p <0.05) regarding protein (15.70%), phosphorus (254mg/100g), potassium (145 mg/100 g) and magnesium contents (13.80 mg/100g), as well as sensory quality attributes for appearance, flavor, overall acceptance and purchase intent. Formulation 1, with 13% liver, 13% blood and 24% meat fragments stood out (p <0.05) with 61.44% unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), especially oleic (38.25%) and linoleic fatty acids (15.61%). Formulation 1, with 10% viscera, 30% blood and 40% meat fragments stood out (p <0.05) regarding protein (19.38%), potassium ( 147mg/100g), magnesium (15.60 mg/100g) and zinc contents (2.51 mg/100 g); formulation 2, with 30% viscera, blood 30% and 20% meat fragments stood out regarding phosphorus (357 mg / 100g) and sensory quality for most sensory parameters (appearance, color, aroma, texture, overall acceptance and purchase intent). Formulation 4 with 30% viscera, 50% blood and without the addition of meat fragments stood out (p <0.05) for iron (22, 85 mg / 100g), total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), with 62.94%, especially oleic (38 88%) and linoleic fatty acids (15.35%) and for flavor sensory parameter (7.3). Given these results, the preparation of pâté and smoked chorizo is a viable alternative to the use of by-products from the slaughter of sheep and goats and may contribute to increase the supply of processed meat products, with environmental and economic gain, favoring all, in particular consumers. / A preocupação com os impactos ambientais e segurança alimentar tem feito crescer o interesse e a necessidade de encontrar alternativas racionais de obtenção de alimentos. Para tanto este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar alternativas para o aproveitamento de subprodutos do abate de caprinos e ovinos (vísceras, sangue e retraços de carne) com a elaboração de dois produtos - patê e chouriço defumado. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com cinco tratamentos para cada produto, aos quais se procurou adicionar maiores percentuais de sangue e fígado de ovinos para patê; sangue e vísceras (rim e coração) caprino, para elaboração do chouriço. Os resultados demonstraram que ambos os produtos apresentaram excelente valor nutricional e qualidade sensorial. Dentre as formulações de patê a formulação 2, com 25% de fígado, 13% de sangue e 12% de retraços de carne, se sobressaiu (p<0,05), quanto teor de proteínas (15,70%), fósforo (254mg/100g), potássio (145 mg/100g), magnésio (13,80 mg/100g) e qualidade sensorial para os atributos de aparência, sabor, aceitação global e intenção de compra. A formulação 1, com 13% de fígado, 13% de sangue e 24% de retraços de carne, destacou-se (p<0,05) quanto os ácidos graxos insaturados (AGI), com 61,44%, sobressaindo-se os ácidos graxos oleico (38,25%) e linoleico (15,61%). Para o chouriço, a formulação 1, com 10% de vísceras, 30% de sangue e 40% de carnes de retraços, destacou-se (p<0,05) quanto ao teor de proteína (19,38%), potássio (147mg/100g), magnésio (15,60 mg/100g) e zinco (2,51 mg/100g), a formulação 2, com 30% de vísceras, 30% de sangue e 20% de carnes de retraços, destacou-se para o mineral fósforo (357 mg / 100g) e na qualidade sensorial para maioria dos parâmetros avaliados (aparência, cor, aroma, textura, aceitação global e intenção de compra. A formulação 4 com 30% de vísceras, 50% de sangue e sem adição de carnes de retraços, se sobressaiu (p<0,05) para ferro (22, 85 mg/ 100g), total de ácidos graxos insaturados (AGI), com 62,94%, destacando-se os ácidos graxos oleico (38,88%) e linoleico (15,35%) e para o parâmetro sensorial de sabor (7,3). Diante destes resultados, a elaboração do patê e chouriço defumado apresentam-se como alternativas viáveis para o aproveitamento de subprodutos do abate de ovinos e caprinos podendo contribuir para o aumento da oferta de produtos cárneos processados, com ganho ambiental e econômico, favorecendo a todos em especial os consumidores.

From the theory of regional / local endogenous, arising from the 1980´s development, it creates a new concept of development, where the the dynamics of the regions would be linked to internal factors. From this emerges a set of theories that explain the regional / local development from clusters of small producers. In Brazil, the concept of Local Productive Arrangement to represent a set of economic, political factors and members located in the same territory, developing related economic activities and presenting links production, interaction, cooperation and learning emerges. To be specific, since each APL has a specific set of actors, focusing on a specific economic activity and particular advantages and challenges, it is necessary to productive each cluster is studied individually in order to understand its dynamics, understand their limitations and outline the necessary for their development strategies. In Sergipe, the State Center for Local Productive Arrangements identified 17 production clusters, including the Local Productive Arrangement of Sheep and Goat Farming. This productive activity, nationally, is found in all regions and marked recently by a new configuration, where the South is no longer the largest holder of the national herd and the Northeast begins to take the lead with respect to the number of animals. The growth rates of the herd of Northeast surpass the national average and the rates of growth of Sergipe flock outperform the regional average. The APL ovinocaprinocultor sergipano located in areas with low economic dynamism, low social indicators and problems related to drought. The social role of economic activity justifies studied dissertative work to deepen the knowledge about the production activity in the state. The growth in Sergipe herd is due to some factors and the objective of this study was to examine how the Sergipana Breeders Association of Sheep and Goats contributes to the development of productive activity. With this, we identified that the ASCCO presents itself as a key to the development of productive activity in the state link. The breeding program, the main activity of the association, is nationally recognized and should continue to be promoted by the partner institutions, although the relationships between producers, as a whole, are incipient. Moreover, ASCCO operates in the link between producers and funding agencies, does a good job of promoting trade and contributes in opening new markets. / A partir da teoria de desenvolvimento regional/local endógeno, que surge a partir da década de 1980, cria-se uma nova concepção de desenvolvimento, onde o a dinâmica das regiões estaria ligada aos fatores internos. A partir daí surge um conjunto de teorias que explicam o desenvolvimento regional/local a partir de aglomerados de pequenos produtores. No Brasil, surge o conceito de Arranjo Produtivo Local para representar um conjunto de fatores econômicos, políticos e sócias, localizados no mesmo território, desenvolvendo atividades econômicas correlatas e que apresentam vínculos de produção, interação, cooperação e aprendizagem. Por ser específico, visto que cada APL apresenta um conjunto de atores específicos, com foco em uma atividade econômica específica e com vantagens e desafios particulares, é necessário que se cada aglomerado produtivo seja estudado de forma individualizada no intuito de entender sua dinâmica, compreender suas limitações e traçar as estratégias necessárias para o seu desenvolvimento. Em Sergipe, o Núcleo Estadual de Arranjos Produtivos Locais identificou 17 aglomerados produtivos, dentre eles o Arranjo Produtivo Local da Ovinocaprinocultura. Essa atividade produtiva, a nível nacional, é encontrada em todas as regiões e marcada, recentemente, por uma nova configuração, onde a região Sul deixa de ser a maior detentora do rebanho nacional e a região Nordeste passa a assumir a liderança no que tange ao número de animais. As taxas de crescimento do rebanho da região Nordeste superam à média nacional e as taxas de crescimento do rebanho sergipano superam à média regional. O APL ovinocaprinocultor sergipano localiza-se em territórios com baixo dinamismo econômico, baixos indicadores sociais e problemas relacionados à seca. O papel social da atividade econômica estudada justifica um trabalho dissertativo que aprofunde os conhecimentos a respeito da atividade produtiva no estado. O crescimento no rebanho sergipano se deve a alguns fatores e o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar de que forma a Associação Sergipana dos Criadores de Caprinos e Ovinos contribui para desenvolvimento da atividade produtiva. Com isso, identificamos que a ASCCO se apresenta como um elo fundamental para o desenvolvimento da atividade produtiva no estado. O programa de melhoramento genético, principal atividade da associação, é reconhecido nacionalmente e deve continuar a ser fomentado pelas instituições parceiras, embora as relações entre produtores, em seu conjunto, sejam incipientes. Além disso, a ASCCO atua na articulação entre produtores e instituições de fomento, faz um bom trabalho de promoção comercial e contribui na abertura de novos mercados.

The aim of thesis was to analyze the South Bohemian organic dairy production and distribution of organic milk. The thesis focuses on farm production, distribution channels and the application of the regional market. Through the processing of data from the database of the Institute of Agriculture Economics and Information and a questionnaire survey conducted at the level of organic farmers farming in the South Bohemian Region with a valid certificate for the milk production was assessed the development and the current market situation of organic milk production in the South Bohemian Region.

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Agriculture)