Inaug.-Diss.--Zürich. / Curriculum vitae. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 23.

Previous studies of association of ABO phenotypes with gonorrhoea have shown contradictory results. Despite the interdependencies, none have examined the combined effect of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes. Furthermore, none have used genotyping to confirm phenotyping. This study is ground-breaking in this regard, and illustrates how such an association study should be performed. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS: The study examined 175 individuals who tested positive for gonorrhoea, and 211 individuals who tested negative for gonorrhoea. Strain typing was not performed. The following blood grouping methods were performed on the study participants: ABO phenotyping Lewis phenotyping, and genotyping of selected samples Secretor genotyping Chi-square and p values were used to examine whether or not there is an association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor blood group related molecules with gonorrhoea infection. RESULTS: Neither random statistical analysis of data sets, nor statistical analysis of data sets arranged by blood group, yielded a statistically significant association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae that could not be refuted when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity. The study did show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (26.7%) in the gonorrhoea positive population and the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (15.4%) in the gonorrhoea negative population, when all ethnic groups were analysed together. However, when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity, the p values were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is no association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, this study still has merit, because, to the author's knowledge, it is the first time a study of these human blood groups with a disease has been performed correctly.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1967. / Includes bibliographies. / ix, 111 l graphs, tables

Previous studies of association of ABO phenotypes with gonorrhoea have shown contradictory results. Despite the interdependencies, none have examined the combined effect of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes. Furthermore, none have used genotyping to confirm phenotyping. This study is ground-breaking in this regard, and illustrates how such an association study should be performed. STUDY DESIGNS AND METHODS: The study examined 175 individuals who tested positive for gonorrhoea, and 211 individuals who tested negative for gonorrhoea. Strain typing was not performed. The following blood grouping methods were performed on the study participants: ABO phenotyping Lewis phenotyping, and genotyping of selected samples Secretor genotyping Chi-square and p values were used to examine whether or not there is an association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor blood group related molecules with gonorrhoea infection. RESULTS: Neither random statistical analysis of data sets, nor statistical analysis of data sets arranged by blood group, yielded a statistically significant association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae that could not be refuted when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity. The study did show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (26.7%) in the gonorrhoea positive population and the incidence of the partial secretor phenotype (15.4%) in the gonorrhoea negative population, when all ethnic groups were analysed together. However, when the data was disaggregated for ethnicity, the p values were no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is no association of ABO, Lewis and Secretor phenotypes and genotypes with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Nevertheless, this study still has merit, because, to the author's knowledge, it is the first time a study of these human blood groups with a disease has been performed correctly.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc. (Epidemiology))--Mahidol University, 1983.

No description available.

M.Tech. (Medical Technology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

N. Gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern due to its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and its potential complications including pelvic inflammatory disease, epididymitis, infertility, and disseminated infection. In order to keep up with resistance trends, the treatment recommendations for gonorrhea have changed frequently. In other areas of medicine, guideline adherence has been shown to be limited, even without frequent guideline changes. In the case of gonorrhea, inappropriate treatment can have serious individual and public health implications, making the quality of and compliance with clinical guidelines critical. This thesis is a three-part mixed methods research project assessing the development and uptake of gonorrhea treatment guidelines. We conducted a systematic review of current gonorrhea treatment guidelines and used the AGREE II tool to assess the quality of guideline development (Chapter 2). We observed that guideline quality varied greatly with many guidelines having weaknesses in their use of existing evidence to develop recommendations, their reporting of potential conflicts of interest and how they were addressed, and their consideration of barriers to the implementation of their recommendations. We then assessed physician adherence to first-line treatment recommendations in Ontario by conducting a segmented time series analysis of Ontario gonorrhea treatment data from iPHIS, the province’s reportable disease database (Chapter 3). Following the introduction of new guidelines that recommended substantial changes from current practice, we found very dramatic drops in guidelines adherence that then improved slowly over time. We then explored the use of process mapping as a tool to look at the local management of cases in the City of Ottawa by following them across the various possible treatment pathways (Chapter 4). Here, we noted differences in practice between the management of cases at Ottawa Public Health’s Sexual Health Clinic and the management of cases elsewhere in the community.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) encounters different microenvironments during its life-cycle. Some of these niches have different concentrations of oxygen, which influences the rate of Ng growth; as well as iron, an element essential for Ng survival. Differential expression of several proteins allows the bacteria to adapt to the diverse conditions it comes encounters. One protein affected by environmental changes during Ng growth is Gcp, a tRNA-modification enzyme essential for protein synthesis. To study the regulation of expression of Gcp, we first analyzed the sequence of its ORF, gcp. Orthologs of this gene are found in all kingdoms of life. In silico analysis shows that among Neisseria species, gcp ranges in homology from 76% to 99%, at the nucleotide level. Reverse transcription PCR indicates that gcp is expressed as part of an operon, together with three cytochrome-associated genes cyc4, resB and resC. Rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends determined the start of transcription of cyc4 (and possibly of the cyc4-gcp operon) at 95 nucleotides from the gene start codon. Transcriptional fusions determined that the promoter region upstream of cyc4 is the strongest promoter in the operon. However, the region directly upstream of gcp also has low level of promoter activity, suggesting that the gene may be expressed from two different promoters. Semi-quantitative determination of the concentration of gcp mRNA indicates that the transcription of the gene is significantly repressed when Ng is grown under low iron or low oxygen conditions. Analysis of an fnr mutant, grown under the same conditions as its parental wild type, indicates that the FNR transcriptional regulator is involved in the repression of gcp in low iron or low oxygen conditions. Contrary to expectation, the cyc4 promoter is upregulated when Ng is grown under low oxygen or low iron conditions. However, these results cannot be compared to the original promoter strength. Determination of which was performed on bacteria grown in liquid medium. Coregulation of gcp with cytochrome genes can guarantee low levels of protein synthesis when Ng encounters adverse microenvironments and needs its energy redirected to the expression of genes that would allow it to survive.