The notion of leisure is subjective and contradictory, therefore attempts to organise, manage and measure leisure experiences may be described as paradoxical. The evaluation of recreation and leisure services has been focused on performance indicators associated with specific programmes and facilities. At a macro level, evaluation from the broader perspectives of organisational effectiveness and leisure theory is a neglected area of research. This study examines a model of organisational effectiveness criteria as a way of exploring the "leisure management paradox" in local government recreation services. The focus of the research was local government recreation services in Western Australia.This study had two major purposes. The first purpose was to identify a range of criteria that are appropriate for evaluating organisational effectiveness in local government recreation services. Secondly, the study investigated the perceptions of these criteria held by recreation staff in different local government recreation services in Western Australia.The specific research objectives focused on the issues of effectiveness in local government recreation services, namely:1. To identify criteria for organisational effectiveness relevant to local government recreation services in Westem Australia.2. To develop a conceptual model of organisational effectiveness criteria.3. To test the developed model to confirm the appropriateness of the selected criteria for assessing local government recreation services.4. To determine if there are differences in the perceptions of organisational effectiveness held by different groups of recreation workers in different types of local government settings.The findings revealed that perceptions of the importance of organisational effectiveness criteria held by recreation workers in local government in Western Australia are relatively homogeneous. ++ / Differences appeared to be associated with geographic location, availability of resources, and the perceived organisational culture of the local government authority. These findings offer a practical framework for managers of recreation services and provide a benchmark for further research in local government and recreation services generally.

Background: Innovation’s role in economic growth is crucial. Countries have acknowledged that and introduced innovation policies to promote economic growth since the ‘80s. But governments must have the capacity and effectiveness to support organizations and institutions for innovation, so the uneven development among countries raises the question of whether it is affected by government effectiveness. Objectives: This work investigates the interlink between government effectiveness as measured by the World Bank, and innovation performance, as measured by the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS). Its objective is to identify how government effectiveness affects innovation performance. Methodology: This work follows a quantitative research strategy since the study is based on a large dataset and uses statistics to analyze data. To explore the impact of the variables, this work follows a panel regression approach. The data are publicly available by EU and World Bank. The data set consists of the Summary Innovation Index (SII) -an overall score in the EIS-, and the Government Effectiveness(GE) index from the World Bank during 2014-2020. Results: According to the analysis, the Fixed Effects Least Square Dummy Variables (FE-LSDV)regression model is superior to the other models (pooled OLS and Random Effects). The FE-LSDVmodel can explain 68.88% of the data. The analysis also shows that GE negatively impacts SII by a factor of -0,3228078. However, the P value and t-tests reveal that the correlation is not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results contradict the previous studies. This may be due to the weaknesses identified in the previous studies, the time lag effect between the change in the government effectiveness index when the change in the innovation performance is noticeable, and the inverted U-shape relationship between innovation performance and government quality. Recommendations for future research: As future work can be suggested, an analysis including data from the previous funding periods. Also, the elasticity of innovation performance regarding government effectiveness within a larger time period can be studied. Furthermore, researchers can broaden the time period to include data over a minimum of 14 years period to investigate the time-lag effect and the inverted U-shape relationship.

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South Korea has been one of the most successful newborn republics since 1948, and yet, since the new millennium, it has been embroiled in a controversy over the issues of constitutionalism and successful government, with the public expressing concerns about transparency, democracy, and competitiveness. Of particular concern is the public's perception of constitutional government. The purpose of this study was to better understand the elements of governmental success and best practices for constitutionalism in the country's framework of democratic experimentalism. Three prongs of inquiry rooted in the democratic experimentalist tradition (lessons learned from private governance, national institutions, and new concepts of rights) were examined. Dorf and Sabel's theory of constitution of democratic experimentalism was used to help answer the research question, which was, how democratic experimentalism supports constitutional government in South Korea. Data were collected through interviews with 16 legal/government professionals under the age of 40, and then coded and thematically analyzed. Findings identified 9 identified key themes as vital for the success of constitutional government in South Korea. Results suggest that constitutionalism and democratic experimentation need to be considered together when seeking to understand the South Korean constitutional government. Implications for positive social change include helping future investigators to better interpret the Korean constitutional system and supporting decision makers and public servants in making better informed decisions to further more democratic and transparent government.