凌友詩. / 本論文於1997年9月15日呈交. / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998. / 附參考文獻 / 中英文摘要. / Ling Youshi. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緖論 / Chapter 第一節 --- 本論文的研究焦點與研究目的 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三節 --- 本論文主要內容 --- p.21 / Chapter 第四節 --- 系統論及其在本論文中的應用 --- p.25 / Chapter 第五節 --- 歷史制度學派及其在本論文中的應用 --- p.30 / Chapter 第六節 --- 本論文研究範疇(Scope) --- p.34 / Chapter 第七節 --- 本論文的資料來源 --- p.39 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國政治系統的意識形態與政治文化 --- p.40 / Chapter 第一節 --- 蘇維埃國家的意識形態與政治文化 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政治文化與中央地方關係 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節 --- 經濟改革與政治改革對政治文化的影響 --- p.55 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.58 / Chapter 第三章 --- 中國政治系統的權力結構-中央政府與地方政府 --- p.61 / Chapter 第一節 --- 分工性地方分權 --- p.64 / Chapter 第二中 --- 央集權的立法體制 --- p.68 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中央政府對地方政府的授權方式 --- p.71 / Chapter 第四節 --- 民主集中制的廣泛應用 --- p.73 / Chapter 第五節 --- 「條條」與「塊塊」 --- p.84 / Chapter 第六節 --- 體制改革與權力結構 --- p.88 / Chapter 第七節 --- 小結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第四章 --- 中國政治系統的權力結構- 共產黨對地方政府的領導 --- p.98 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政治、思想組織的領導 --- p.99 / Chapter 第二節 --- 組織的領導一地方黨委和黨組 --- p.103 / Chapter 第三節 --- 人事方面的領導一「黨管幹部」 --- p.109 / Chapter 第四節 --- 政治體制改革對「共產黨領導」的影響 --- p.114 / Chapter 第五節 --- 改革開放後加強黨的領導 --- p.121 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.131 / Chapter 第五章 --- 政治系統的秩序與凝聚力的來源-集團政治 --- p.132 / Chapter 第一節 --- 對兩個有關中央控制地方的研究的補充 --- p.136 / Chapter 第二節 --- 共產黨作為一個「集團」在政治分析上的重要性 --- p.139 / Chapter 第三節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的出身背景 --- p.144 / Chapter 第四節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的仕進模式 --- p.153 / Chapter 第五節 --- 省級精英研究一領導幹部的交叉任職 --- p.163 / Chapter 第六節 --- 在經濟建設的同時加強黨的建設 --- p.170 / Chapter 第七節 --- 小結 --- p.176 / Chapter 第六章 --- 經濟管理權下放的意涵及影響 --- p.178 / Chapter 第一節 --- 權力下放在整個政治系統裡的意義 --- p.179 / Chapter 第二節 --- 八〇年代下放的經濟管理權 --- p.184 / Chapter 第三節 --- 經濟管理權下放後的地方現象 --- p.189 / Chapter 第四節 --- 從地方投資行為看地方利益的性質 --- p.193 / Chapter 第五節 --- 地方問題的成因及其根本解決 --- p.200 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.211 / Chapter 第七章 --- 地方分歧的典型個案 --- p.212 / Chapter 第一節 --- 七八年後中央處理地方分歧的原則 --- p.213 / Chapter 第二節 --- 上海要求調整財稅分成 --- p.216 / Chapter 第三節 --- 八五年海南汽車倒賣事件 --- p.222 / Chapter 第四節 --- 葉選平邀集各省代表反對中央經濟緊縮政策 --- p.229 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.237 / Chapter 第八章 --- 全文總結 --- p.239 / 參考文獻 --- p.254 / 中文文獻 --- p.254 / 英文文獻 --- p.262 / 附表 --- p.274

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Aboriginal governments are organizations like any other, but they have some important differences that stem from the cultures of aboriginal peoples and the history and construction of aboriginal governments in Canada. Colonization brought particular conceptions of work and administration that are not always compatible with aboriginal cultures. Aboriginal governments are grounded in their respective communities and cultures and at the same time exist within a Canadian political system that reflects the values of a western, non-aboriginal society. The practice of administrative work in aboriginal governments is therefore complex and internally conflictual for the organization as well as for administrators. The institutional and financial arrangements of aboriginal governments in Canada only further complicate the work. Understanding the distinctiveness of administrative work in aboriginal governments is important for both aboriginal and non-aboriginal governments and administrators as a new relationship between Canadian and aboriginal governments is forged. This study explores the work of aboriginal administrators working in aboriginal governments. It considers the administrative environment of aboriginal government, particularly the complexities of accountability and the interrelatedness of culture, politics and administration. It suggests that aboriginal governments are expressions of the cultures, politics, spirituality, economics, values and emotions of aboriginal peoples. These governments are social movements as well as ruling bureaucracies. Government in this context is a complex and holistic notion as it does not necessarily separate church from state, politics from bureaucracy, or the personal from the professional. Within this context, the study examines the actual work of particular administrators and thereby develops a distinct picture of administration as it is practised in aboriginal governments. While such administrative practice is found to be more holistic in this context, the study further suggests that the construction of the actual work is influenced by key factors of accountability demands, cultural relevance and integrity, and the need for education of all people engaged with issues of governance. Given the dilemmas found in each of these factors, aboriginal administrators face the unique challenge of integrating the discordant demands of their communities, organizations and professions. / Graduate

There has been little research on the government relations function within the post-secondary education sector in Ontario. This study explores this topic by reviewing the literature and collecting data from key informants in the college, university and government sector, and those who can speak about the sector associations. The study describes how the leaders of colleges and universities in Ontario perceive and conduct government relations, both as individual institutions and as a sector, and analyzes trends and potential implications. The study utilizes a pluralist model of interest group behaviour and applied the hollow-core theory to the policy community and the findings provide compelling evidence that this theory is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the nature of this policy community. This study also provides valuable insight into the hollow-core theory of pluralism. The leadership of individual colleges and universities shares a similar understanding of government relations and engage a similar approach. Individual colleges and universities work independently to lobby for capital funding and work together through their respective associations to lobby for system-wide funding and reforms. Although the presidents of individual institutions continue to lead the government relations function, the trend in the post-secondary education sector in Ontario is to invest additional resources and time in these activities. This study is the first of its kind in Ontario and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the way leaders in the post-secondary education sector in Ontario perceive and conduct government relations. Implications of the findings are considered and recommendations are made for further research.

There has been little research on the government relations function within the post-secondary education sector in Ontario. This study explores this topic by reviewing the literature and collecting data from key informants in the college, university and government sector, and those who can speak about the sector associations. The study describes how the leaders of colleges and universities in Ontario perceive and conduct government relations, both as individual institutions and as a sector, and analyzes trends and potential implications. The study utilizes a pluralist model of interest group behaviour and applied the hollow-core theory to the policy community and the findings provide compelling evidence that this theory is a useful theoretical framework for understanding the nature of this policy community. This study also provides valuable insight into the hollow-core theory of pluralism. The leadership of individual colleges and universities shares a similar understanding of government relations and engage a similar approach. Individual colleges and universities work independently to lobby for capital funding and work together through their respective associations to lobby for system-wide funding and reforms. Although the presidents of individual institutions continue to lead the government relations function, the trend in the post-secondary education sector in Ontario is to invest additional resources and time in these activities. This study is the first of its kind in Ontario and makes an important contribution to our understanding of the way leaders in the post-secondary education sector in Ontario perceive and conduct government relations. Implications of the findings are considered and recommendations are made for further research.

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This thesis examines the history of the Indian policy of the United States government from 1609 to the 1950's.

M.A. / The study deals with the nature and problems of traditional leadership and the variables that influence the interface between traditional leadership in shared rural local governance within the context of an interactive government framework. Due to South Africa’s specific history and the power that the Apartheid regime instilled on traditional leaders, the country has somewhat of a unique situation. Therefore, the emphasis falls on the South African context. The general aim of the study is, therefore, to analyse the concepts and legislative requirements related to traditional leadership. Furthermore, it aims to determine how traditional leaders could help Government in its rural development effort to deliver more effective services to rural people. This enquiry is premised on the view that the institutionalisation of traditional leaders has been constitutionally and statutorily recognised and can make an important contribution to shared rural local governance on a political, economic, social and cultural level. It remains an important link between the local government and rural communities. As such, traditional leaders play a vital role in the development process. Furthermore, traditional leaders are important with regard to resource mobilisation, political stability and policy implementation in shared rural governance. In general, the study reveals that, despite modernisation, traditional leaders are still influential actors in the rural life of communities in South Africa. Furthermore, attempts to strip them of their formal powers, such as the allocation of land and jurisdiction in criminal cases, have not reduced their influence. In the light of the above argument, the institution of traditional leaders remains influential because it has been able and continues to adapt itself to the changing modern environment.