Depuis des décennies, le rôle joué par les joints de grains dans le comportement plastique des matériaux cristallins interroge mécaniciens, métallurgistes, spécialistes des matériaux. Après les avancées décisives de la plasticité individuelle des cristaux et de leur comportement collectif au sein d’agrégats, les effets complexes des interfaces sur le comportement effectif constituent l’enjeu restant à maîtriser. Car si les joints peuvent aussi bien être sites d’endommagement que réseau de consolidation dans une structure polycristalline, ils contribuent toujours fortement aux propriétés macroscopiques de cette dernière. Le travail réalisé est une contribution à l’étude du comportement des joints lors de traitements thermomécaniques induisant leur mobilité. On parle de migration.Nous avons étudié les caractéristiques essentielles de la migration de joints de grains à partir du mécanisme de SIBM (croissance de grains sans germination après faible déformation plastique). La migration des joints de grains sous recuit après déformation a été suivie in situ en MEB. Les évolutions microstructurales sont analysées en MEB et en AFM. Les principales forces et caractéristiques contribuant à la migration des joints sont étudiées. Pour les forces, un diagramme de migration reliant le déplacement des joints à l’énergie de courbure et à l’énergie stockée par déformation plastique a permis d’évaluer la pertinence de l’expression usuelle de la force motrice de migration et d’en discuter de possibles ajustements. Pour les caractéristiques, nous avons confirmé l’effet de surface de la gravure thermique et celui plus intrinsèque des jonctions triples sur la mobilité des joints de grains. / For many decades, the role of grain boundaries in the plastic behavior of crystalline materials questions engineers, metallurgists, materials scientists. After the decisive progress in plasticity of individual crystals and for their collective behavior in aggregates, the complex effects of boundaries on the actual behavior are the remaining challenge to master. If boundaries can as well be considered as damage sites as strengthening network in a poly-crystalline structure, they always contribute greatly to the macroscopic properties of the latter. This work is a contribution to the study of the behavior of boundaries during thermomechanical treatments inducing mobility. We talk about migration.We studied the essential characteristics of the migration of grain boundaries from SIBM mechanism (Strain Induced Boundary Migration). The migration of grain boundaries under annealing after deformation was monitored in situ SEM. Microstructural changes are analyzed by SEM and AFM. The main strengths and characteristics contributing to the boundary migration are studied. For strengths, a migration diagram linking the displacements of grain boundaries to the curvature energy and the stored energy from plastic deformation allowed to assessing of the relevance of the usual expression for the migration driving force and to discussing possible adjustments. For characteristics, we confirmed the surface effect of the thermal grooving and the more intrinsic one of triple junctions on the mobility of grain boundaries.

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The preparation of bicrystal specimens of high interfacial purity and accurately controlled mismatch of orientation between grains with a specific boundary orientation are critical for fundamental studies of the structure and properties of grain boundaries. A method was developed for routinely producing high-purity aluminum bicrystals of desired mismatch and boundary orientation. A strain annealing technique was used for making large single crystals. The orientation, structural perfection, and chemical purity of the seeds were characterized, then the seeds were joined by using an electron beam welder. The welder was designed and built as a major portion of this work.

Ferritic chromium steels are important structural materials for future nuclear fission and fusion reactors due to their advantages over traditional austenitic steels, including low swelling rates, better thermal fatigue resistance, and lower thermal expansion coefficients. Radiation-induced segregation or depletion (RIS/RID) of solute atoms at grain boundaries is considered to be a potentially significant phenomenon for structural materials because of its potentially detrimental role in affecting microstructure and furthermore mechanical properties. However, the behaviour of Cr at grain boundaries in ferritic steels is not well understood. Both segregation and depletion of Cr at grain boundary under irradiation have been previously observed and no clear dependency on irradiation condition or alloy type has been presented. Furthermore, ferritic alloys are known to undergo hardening and embrittlement after thermal aging in the temperature range of 300-550DC and this phenomenon is related with a and a' phase separation occurring in the solid solution. However the low temperature a-a' miscibility gap in the currently used phase diagram is extrapolated from high temperature results and conflicts with many experimental observations. To understand the Cr behaviour at gram boundaries in ferritic steels under irradiation, a systematic approach combining SEM/EBSD, FIB specimen preparation and APT analysis has been developed and successfully applied to a Fe- 15.2at%Cr to investigate the effect of pre-irradiation chemistry, grain boundary misorientation, impurities, irradiation damage, irradiation depth, and other possible factors to get a better understanding of RIS/RID phenomena. Both low sigma boundaries and randomly selected high angle boundaries have been investigated in detail. Systematic differences between the behaviour of different classes of boundaries had been observed, and the operating mechanisms are also discussed in this thesis. The maximum separation method has been applied on APT data to study the C- enriched clusters and Cr-enriched clusters, which were not directly visible on the atom maps. The composition of the Cr-enriched clusters was consistent with a' phase and the irradiation was found to accelerate the nucleation rather than the growth of these clusters. Such results provided important information in re- determining the a-a' phase boundary.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Joseph Michael Dynys. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-137). Abstract also available online in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 15, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Materials Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.