Thesis. 1976. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Foreign Literatures and Linguistics. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 359-372. / Ph.D.

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Wong, Chin Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-143). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Objectives --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Outline --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- Background in Natural Language Understanding --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Rule-based Approaches --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Corpus-based Approaches --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Stochastic Approaches --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Phrase-spotting Approaches --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- The ATIS Domain --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Chinese Corpus Preparation --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- Semi-automatic Grammar Induction - Baseline Approach --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Background in Grammar Induction --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Simulated Annealing --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Bayesian Grammar Induction --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Probabilistic Grammar Acquisition --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Semi-automatic Grammar Induction 一 Baseline Approach --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Spatial Clustering --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Temporal Clustering --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Post-processing --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Four Aspects for Enhancements --- p.20 / Chapter 3.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.22 / Chapter 4 --- Semi-automatic Grammar Induction - Enhanced Approach --- p.23 / Chapter 4.1 --- Evaluating Induced Grammars --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Stopping Criterion --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Cross-checking with Recall Values --- p.29 / Chapter 4.3 --- Improvements on Temporal Clustering --- p.32 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Evaluation --- p.39 / Chapter 4.4 --- Improvements on Spatial Clustering --- p.46 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Distance Measures --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Evaluation --- p.57 / Chapter 4.5 --- Enhancements based on Intelligent Selection --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Informed Selection between Spatial Clustering and Tem- poral Clustering --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Selecting the Number of Clusters Per Iteration --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- An Example for Intelligent Selection --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Evaluation --- p.68 / Chapter 4.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.71 / Chapter 5 --- Bidirectional Machine Translation using Induced Grammars ´ؤBaseline Approach --- p.73 / Chapter 5.1 --- Background in Machine Translation --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Rule-based Machine Translation --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Statistical Machine Translation --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Knowledge-based Machine Translation --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Example-based Machine Translation --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Evaluation --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Baseline Configuration on Bidirectional Machine Translation System --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Bilingual Dictionary --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Concept Alignments --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Translation Process --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Two Aspects for Enhancements --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3 --- Chapter Summary --- p.91 / Chapter 6 --- Bidirectional Machine Translation ´ؤ Enhanced Approach --- p.92 / Chapter 6.1 --- Concept Alignments --- p.93 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Enhanced Alignment Scheme --- p.95 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Experiment --- p.97 / Chapter 6.2 --- Grammar Checker --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Components for Grammar Checking --- p.101 / Chapter 6.3 --- Evaluation --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Bleu Score Performance --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Modified Bleu Score --- p.122 / Chapter 6.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.130 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusions --- p.131 / Chapter 7.1 --- Summary --- p.131 / Chapter 7.2 --- Contributions --- p.134 / Chapter 7.3 --- Future work --- p.136 / Bibliography --- p.137 / Chapter A --- Original SQL Queries --- p.144 / Chapter B --- Seeded Categories --- p.146 / Chapter C --- 3 Alignment Categories --- p.147 / Chapter D --- Labels of Syntactic Structures in Grammar Checker --- p.148