M.A.

D.Litt. et Phil. (Greek) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The following sequence of events is urged in this thesis: ca. 1400-1125 Samos is a Mykenaian outpost. ca. 875 Colonization of Samos by Epidaurians. ca. 705-700 Pheidon of Argos helps Aigina against Athens and Epidauros. Samians under Amphikrates raid Aigina. 704 (721?) Corinthian-Samian alliance against Aigina and Argos. Ameinokles builds biremes for Samos. ca. 700 Defeat of Athens; fall of Epidauros. ca. 680 Samos colonizes Amorgos. 675 Foundation of Prokonnesos by Samians. ca. 675-670 Outbreak of war between Chalkis and Eretria over Lelantine Plain. Samos enters on side of Chalkis. Series of local wars. ca. 670 Chalkis, with help from her northern colonies and Thessaly, defeats Eretria. Samos defeated in the East. 669/8 Pheidon defeats Spartans at Hysiai and controls Olympic games through Pisatans. ca. 665 Outbreak of Messenian Revolt. Samos aids Sparta. ? Phoibias holds office of aisymnetes in Samos. ca. 655 Samos breaks with Chalkis in arbitration of Akanthian dispute. Before 650 Samos participates in the Melian War. ? Tyranny of Demoteles. 638 Kolaios discovers Tartessos. Beginnings of Samian trade with Egypt. After ca. 625 Corinth deserts Samian alliance. Before 601 Samos drops rivalry with Miletos, now ruled by Thrasyboulos. Samos and Miletos wage war against Priene. Regime of Demoteles overthrown by geomoroi. 601 Foundation of Perinthos. ca. 600 Megarians raid Perinthos; Samos sends aid to Perinthians and Megara is defeated. Samians, after returning from Perinthos, overthrow geomoroi and establish popular government. ca. 590 Syloson, son of Kalliteles, seizes tyranny. 589 Birth of Pythagoras. Before 587 Samians seize 300 Kerkyraian boys sent by Periander to Alyattes. ca. 575 Construction of the Heraion begun. ca. 572 Accession of Polykrates I. Birth of Anakreon, Anaximander floruit. ca. 570 Birth of Polykrates, son of Aiakes. 564-560 Arrival of Ibykos in Samos. ca. 550 Anakreon becomes tutor to Polykrates II. 548/7 Samian pirates seize corselet sent by Amasis to Sparta. 547/6 Samian pirates seize krater sent by Sparta to Kroisos. 547 Fall of Sardis. 547/6 Battle of Pallene. ca. 541 Persian raid on Samos; the Heraion burned. Ionians of the islands submit to Persia. Collapse of the regime of Polykrates I. ca. 533 Pythagoras returns to Samos. 532 Coup d'etat by Polykrates II and his brothers, Pantagnotos and Syloson. ca. 531 Polykrates seizes full power; execution of Pantagnotos, banishment of Syloson. War with Persia; Persians successfully repulsed. ca. 530 Polykrates forms alliance with Amasis of Egypt. 530/29 Death of Kyros; accession of Kambyses. ca. 529 Second flight of Pythagoras, to Kroton. ? Samos wages war against Miletos and Lesbos; several towns captured on mainland. Before 525 Capture of Phoenicia by Kambyses. 525 Polykrates furnishes troops for Persian expedition against Egypt. 525/4 Unsuccessful Spartan expedition against Samos. Lygdamis of Naxos deposed. ca. 523 Capture of Rheneia and Delos; Polykrates institutes festival on Delos. 522 Polykrates assassinated by Oroites. Maiandrios seizes control of Samos. 521/0 Maiandrios expelled by Persians. Syloson installed as tyrant. ca. 514 Syloson succeeded by his son, Aiakes. 499 Outbreak of Ionian Revolt; Aiakes flees Samos. 495 Aiakes restored as tyrant of Samos. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

During the first quarter of the sixth century Sparta was at war with Tegea. Shortly after 575 Sparta was badly defeated at the Battle of the Fetters. As a result of this defeat Sparta gave up conquest and sought instead to build up a league. To help her win over the non-Dorian states, she adopted philachaianism, a claim that she had Achaian connexions to her Dorian descent. The widely held belief that philachaianism was instituted by the ephor Chilon as part of a constitutional struggle is incorrect. A fragment of papyrus in the John Rylands collection at Manchester reveals that in 555 Sparta deposed the last Orthagorid tyrant of Sikyon, Aischines. This was done because the Orthagorids, through their anti-Dorianism, were potential rivals for the leadership of the non-Dorians and Sparta was beginning to have close relations with Sikyon's enemy, Korinth. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

D.Litt et Phil. (Greek) / This is a study of how, when and why the popular theatre influenced the character, behavior and the formation of the Greek people’s culture from the establishment of the Greek state up until today. The thesis attempts to fill a gap in current literature as to date there has been no study dealing with the influence exerted by the popular theatre as a whole in shaping the culture of the Greek people. The first chapter captures the historical and social context of the time period within which the thesis unfolds. The second chapter refers to existing theories and studies related to the thesis’ topic. Their importance is twofold as a number of them assist in providing answers to issues which are relevant to the popular theatre and its different forms and other studies and theories will be used as a basis upon which to complete the study. The third chapter presents the historical progress of the popular theatre from the establishment of the Greek state up until today. The major milestones are defined and the conditions and events that influenced the popular theatre are identified. The chapter also outlines the history of urban theatre within the Greek state. Finally, the chapter identifies the relationships between the urban and the popular theatre, namely their manner of communication and mutual influence as well as the means of information exchange, and attempts to answer the question of whether and when the popular theatre influenced the evolution of the urban theatre and vice versa. The fourth chapter identifies the interactions between popular theater and the Greek society. The chapter relates the evolution of popular theater with the simultaneous evolution of Greek society and explores the relationships between the two. It examines individual parameters defining the relationship between the formal education within the country and popular theater. The chapter also identifies the role that the popular theater had in the dispute over the language issue, which was one of the most serious issues that concerned the intellects of the nation before and after liberation. The fifth chapter presents the most important primary forms of popular theater such as “the day of the midwife”, “the court”, “the skylodeftera” and others, following as far as possible the calendar year.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-337). Also available online.

This dissertation examines Hipparchos, the son of Peisistratos, and the years 528-514 B.C. at Athens. Modern scholarship has generally adjudged Hipparchos a powerless, dissolute aesthete on the basis of Thucydides' test- imonia about Hipparchos' murder. Yet, it is clear from other sources that Hipparchos was much more, perhaps even the most important Peisistratid after Peisistratos' death, certainly the most visible. The purpose of this dissertation is to shed new light on this important period by aiming at a better understanding of Hipparchos. Chapter I concerns Hipparchos' image and is a compilation of testimonia relevant to him. The introduction to the chapter attempts to illustrate the importance of image to Greek tyrants of the archaic period and to show that image can be useful as an indicator of tyrannical power. The remainder of the chapter is divided into the archaeological and literary records of Hipparchos. Sections are devoted to Hipparchos' herms, the wall of the Akademy and his Ptolon dedication. The literary record is divided into external affairs (Hipparchos and Ionia), internal/external affairs (the Onomakritos-affair), and internal affairs (the Panathenaia and Hipparchos). The conclusion is that Hipparchos was far more prominent than his brother Hippias and much more significant than previously believed. Chapter II confronts the historiographical problem of succession to Peisistratos. It is divided into examination of the stele concerning the adikia of the tyrants', Thucydides' most important evidence for the successsion, and the literary tradition about the succession. (An appendix examines the evidence of the sixth century archon-list.) The conclusion is that the succession-issue became controversial in the fifth century, apparently well after the end of the tyranny. Chapter III deals with Thucydides' account of Hipparchos' murder. Sections are given to accounts before Thucydides', but later accounts are considered only as they differ from his on specific points. Thucydides1 account is examined in two sections: motivation of the tyrannicides and the act itself. The conclusion is that Thucydides was quite probably influenced by his own preconceptions to read his beliefs into a substructure of earlier material. The evidence for this is inconsistency and implausibility in Thucydides' account. An epilogue considers Hipparchos1 influence over later prominent Athenians and the city itself. / Arts, Faculty of / Classical, Near Eastern and Religious Studies, Department of / Graduate

Bibliography: pages 115-125. / This dissertation concerns itself with the study of epidemics between 430 B.C. - A.D. 600, in an attempt to find positive evidence for the existence of bubonic plague in the ancient world. Most major studies on the Black Death have concerned themselves with the great pandemics of the Middle Ages and none (to my knowledge), have systematically examined the ancient records for earlier evidence of the disease. The time period chosen for this study, from the Athenian Plague to the Plague of Justinian, contains some relatively well documented epidemics, which has made it possible, in some cases, to identify the disease. Plague is a complicated disease, dependent on numerous factors for its successful spread, but few historians have considered this. The word 'plague' was loosely used in ancient texts to denote any epidemic disease with a high mortality rate and not a specific microbial infection. Most historians however translate 'plague' as bubonic plague and make no attempt at a medical analysis of the symptoms given by a particular author. The point of this dissertation is to examine the ancient epidemics from a medical as well as a historical angle. Our evidence for the existence of epidemic diseases comes from a variety of sources, and these are examined. Sculptures and frescoes show numerous chronic and acute disorders. Human remains have shown evidence of certain diseases, while animal and parasitic remains have helped to confirm the existence of certain species instrumental in the spread of a specific disease. However, written texts are the most reliable source for obtaining a detailed account of the symptoms and accurate interpretation of these texts is therefore important. To achieve this, the symptoms mentioned by an ancient author are compared and contrasted, through the use of tables, with the symptoms of some of the known infectious diseases of today. This dissertation will show that epidemics which were previously labelled plague could either not be identified as such, or were misdiagnosed. Evidence does point to the existence of bubonic plague in the ancient world, but it never reached epidemic proportions until A.D. 600.

D.Litt.et Phil. (Philosophy) / Please refer to full text to view abstract