An experimental study was performed to study soot formation and evolution in atmospheric, laminar, coflow, diffusion flames of Jet-A1, Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene and their surrogates. Light extinction, rapid thermocouple insertion and thermophoretic sampling followed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic forced microscopy were used to obtain soot volume fraction profiles, temperature profiles and soot morphologies, respectively. Different soot evolution processes were observed on the flame centerline and on a streamline with a significantly different temperature history. Formation and agglomeration of the first soot particles are different on the two streamlines. Transparent liquid-like particles are produced in large volumes in the early regions of the flame centerline where T < 1500 K; these particles are undetectable by the extinction method with the wavelength of 632.8 nm. Most of the currently used computational soot models do not predict the liquid-like nature of nascent soot particles which has major effects on the modeling.

An experimental study was performed to study soot formation and evolution in atmospheric, laminar, coflow, diffusion flames of Jet-A1, Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene and their surrogates. Light extinction, rapid thermocouple insertion and thermophoretic sampling followed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic forced microscopy were used to obtain soot volume fraction profiles, temperature profiles and soot morphologies, respectively. Different soot evolution processes were observed on the flame centerline and on a streamline with a significantly different temperature history. Formation and agglomeration of the first soot particles are different on the two streamlines. Transparent liquid-like particles are produced in large volumes in the early regions of the flame centerline where T < 1500 K; these particles are undetectable by the extinction method with the wavelength of 632.8 nm. Most of the currently used computational soot models do not predict the liquid-like nature of nascent soot particles which has major effects on the modeling.