published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

The lion dance is a traditional form of Chinese culture with thousands of years of history. From the historical record, the lion dance tradition was started in the Han Dynasty. Similar to the dragon dance, the lion dance is a spiritual activity. It is a symbol that brings good fortune to people. Nowadays, the tradition is practiced in China, particularly in Guangdong Province (廣東省), Fujian Province (福建省) and spread by the Cantonese, together with good fortune, to Asia, the United States and Canada, and even to Mexico and Europe. Wherever there are Chinese, people perform the lion dance to express joy and happiness. However, after years and events, with such a rapid development, the crafts industry of making lion heads is facing a variety of challenges in China. This dissertation aims to document the crafts, especially the Southern lion head in Guangzhou (廣州). With particular focus on the craftwork of Mr. Zhong Jiachao (鐘嘉超),the Inheritor of Intangible Cultural Heritage awarded by Guangdong Province Government for his work on lion heads, is famous with his craftwork of building lion heads in Guangzhou and overseas. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the technical background for the future conservation of the tradition via the documentation and analysis of the heritage significance of making the lion heads. As a cultural tradition, the craftsmanship of the making of lion heads is an intangible heritage to express tangible and intangible socio-historical value within Chinese communities. It aims to conserve the crafts, and to revive and rejuvenate such folk art via the investigation on the lion dance and lion heads. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Background: Nursing professional, up to today, is still women dominated. The consistent medical reform and scarcity of nursing labor force in China contribute to the high workload and work related pressure. On the other hand, family always plays an essential role in women’s life, especially for Chinese women. They are believed to be the principal person to provide family care. Therefore, female nurses always face the challenges in accomplishing the duty from work and family, and also face the difficulties in balancing the work-related role and family-related role. The incompatibility between work-related role and family-related role leads to work-to-family conflict. It is a kind of interrole conflict to which women are especially sensitive. Work-to-family conflict is defined as a type of interrole conflict which occurs as a result that the work related responsibilities interfere with family life. Literatures suggested that there were many aspects are significantly related to work-family conflict, such as the working model, workload, and social support. And work-family conflict was demonstrated to be associated with lower job satisfaction. Objectives: This study mainly aim to explore the relationship between shift work models and self-perceived work-to-family conflict in Chinese female nurses working in Guangzhou city hospitals. Many related aspects are also explored and we in particular focus on the effect of night shift work demand. Furthermore, we aim to detect the association between work-to-family conflict and job satisfaction among recruited sample subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted in several Guangzhou city hospitals. Employed female registered nurses were included. Questionnaires were delivered to nurses in hard copy or soft copy, involving categories of working model, working demand, job satisfaction, and work-to-family conflict. 315 questionnaires were delivered and 261 of them were returned with a response rate of approximately 83%. After data cleaning, total 250 valid-responded questionnaires were analyzed finally. Statistical description, subgroup analysis, linear regression analysis, and multivariable linear regression analysis were established for data analysis and hypothesis testing. Results: In this study, family financial responsibility, occupation support from family, overall workload, overtime work, organizational policy support, supervisor support were found to be significantly associated with self-perceived work-to-family conflict. The effects of night shift on work-to-family conflict were different among subject with different demographic characteristic, family role, work role, family-related support, and work-related support. Shift model was found to be significantly associated to work-to-family conflict, and day-night shift was related to higher level of work-to-family conflict. But the relationship between the frequency of night shift and work-to-family conflict was not found through the linear regression model. And it was found that there was a significant negative correlation association between work-to-family conflict and job satisfaction, meaning that higher work-to-family conflict was associated with lower job satisfaction among the sample subjects of this study. Among the six items measuring the overall job satisfaction, job autonomy, task requirement, organizational policy, and professional status were found to significantly related to work-to-family conflict level. Conclusions: The association between shift models and work-to-family conflict was confirmed but it was affected by nurses’ demographic characteristic. The frequency of night shift was not found to significantly affect the self-perceived work-to-family conflict level. And there was a significant negative relationship between work-to-family conflict and job satisfaction, where higher job satisfaction was associated with lower work-to-family conflict. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

With the rapid growth of bilateral trade between China and Africa in the past decade, more and more Africans are coming to China to seek what they see as appealing business opportunities. Guangzhou, the economic centre in Southern China, has become the largest enclave for Africans. It is estimated that there are about 100,000 Africans living and doing business in Guangzhou. This large number of Africans in Guangzhou has drawn the attention of many researchers. However, current research on Africans in Guangzhou focuses predominantly on sociological and ethnographic aspects. Although the issue of communication problems has been brought up frequently, little has been investigated in depth about actual communication, especially the actual language use between Africans and Chinese. This thesis analyzes the English-based contact language used in the marketplace between Africans and Chinese in Guangzhou. It has two main focuses: first of all, by analyzing the results from a questionnaire survey, it provides a socio-cultural and linguistic profile of the Africans in Guangzhou as well as the Chinese who has constant contact with the Africans; second, it examines several major language features based on actual language data collected from real-world communication in the marketplace. On the basis of these socio-cultural and linguistic features, I argue that the speech form between Africans and Chinese in the marketplace in Guangzhou could be regarded as a rudimentary pidgin, which has the potential of developing into a pidgin in the future. / published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

Lee Kam-yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-196). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire and appendix also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- From “Human! Human ´ح to “Shanghai Baby ´ح / Chapter 1.2 --- Overview of the Research / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Literature Review --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Individualism as a Cultural Complex / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Type of Individualism / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Discourse of Individualism / Chapter 2.2 --- Individualism as a Social Institution / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Parsons: Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Individualization and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Market and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.3 --- Individualism in Chinese Society / Chapter 2.4 --- China in Transition / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The Value Change in China / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Modernization and Structural Change ´ؤ State-led Modernization and the Introduction of Market / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Market and Institutionalized Individualism / Chapter 2.4.4 --- The Changing Morality in Contemporary China / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Research Question and Methodology --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Institutionalized Individualism in China / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Tension between Traditional Values and Market Values / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect on Family / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Searching for New Social Norms and Order / Chapter 3.1.5 --- The Example of Modernization in Japan / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Research Question / Chapter 3.1.7 --- The Cultural Orientation in Hong Kong Society / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Case / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Importance of the Case / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Research Significance / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Methodology / Chapter 3.2.5 --- The Interview Questions / Chapter CHAPER 4 --- """Contextualize"" the Case" --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Development of the Southern Part of China: Guangdong / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Guangzhou under Market Reform / Chapter 4.2 --- The Case ´ؤ Xia Du Village / Chapter 4.2.1 --- The Commercial Activities in Xia Du / Chapter 4.2.2 --- The Living Environment in Xia Du / Chapter 4.3 --- Student under Market Reform / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Politics / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Work / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Attitudes on Money / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Consumerism and Modern Life Style / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Marriage and Sex / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Traditional Values / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Generation Gap / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Being an Individual / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Confusion and Frustration among the Youth: I Have Nothing! / Chapter 4.4 --- The Study / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Public Life ´ؤ Community and the State --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Community / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Reasons for Living in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Interaction in the Community / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Social Relationship in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Passive Response to the Problems / Chapter 5.1.5 --- The Improvement of Dormitory / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Mobility of the Students / Chapter 5.1.7 --- Freedom in the Community / Chapter 5.1.8 --- The Openness and the Disorder in Xia Du / Chapter 5.1.9 --- The Community Life / Chapter 5.1.10 --- The Liberating Spirit among the Students / Chapter 5.1.11 --- Conclusion / Chapter 5.2 --- Politics / Chapter 5.2.1 --- The Boundary between Individual Right and the Power of the State / Chapter 5.2.2 --- As a Passive Participant / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Commitment toward the Country / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Private Life --- p.91 / Chapter 6.1 --- Work / Chapter 6.1.1 --- A Continuum / Chapter 6.1.2 --- The Appreciation of Market / Chapter 6.1.3 --- The Two Ideal Types of Value System / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Dilemma between Self-Opportunity and Loyalty / Chapter 6.2 --- The Intimate Sphere (Love and Family) / Chapter 6.2.1 --- The Choices between Self-aspiration and Love / Chapter 6.2.2 --- The Tension between Individual Space and Attachment / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Common Values: Stability / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Family / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- Living in the Individualized World --- p.116 / Chapter 7.1 --- The Tension of the Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Tension between Traditional Values and Market Values / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Tension between Autonomy and Family: Ping's Story / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Tension between Self-interest and Morality / Chapter 7.1.4 --- Tension between Market Values and Stability / Chapter 7.2 --- Life Pressure / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Family Responsibility / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Social Expectation of Family / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Uncertainty and Freedom / Chapter 7.3 --- The Importance of Money / Chapter 7.3.1 --- To Provide the Feeling of Security / Chapter 7.3.2 --- To Define Success / Chapter 7.3.3 --- To Secure Your Right and Attain Freedom / Chapter 7.4 --- Tensions between Consumption and Traditional Values / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Single-Minded Individualism / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 7.4.3 --- The Incident of Menhan Quan Xi / Chapter 7.5 --- Loneliness / Chapter 7.5.1. --- Concern on Privacy / Chapter 7.6 --- The Life Situations in a Individualized World / Chapter 7.6.1 --- Weak Emotional Ties in Family / Chapter 7.6.2 --- Geographical Separation / Chapter 7.6.3 --- The Change in Family / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.143 / Chapter 8.1 --- The Value System / Chapter 8.1.1 --- The Element of Individualism among the Students / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Two Manifested Forms of Individualism / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Single-Minded Individualism / Chapter 8.1.4 --- Dynamic Individualism / Chapter 8.1.5 --- Summary of the Two Ideal Types / Chapter 8.1.6 --- The Position of the Case / Chapter 8.2 --- The Dimension of Individualization and its Implication / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Physical individualization / Chapter 8.2.2 --- The Individualization of Morality / Chapter 8.2.3 --- The Individualization of Social Responsibility / Chapter 8.2.4 --- The Three Dimensions / Chapter 8.3 --- Market and Extreme Individualism / Chapter 8.4 --- The Myth of Market / Chapter 8.5 --- Rethinking the Importance of Traditional Values / Chapter 8.6 --- The Chinese Modernity / Chapter 8.7 --- Research Limitations / Chapter 8.8 --- Summary / APPENDICES / Appendix I Photos of the Xia Du Village --- p.165 / Appendix II Informants' Information --- p.170 / Appendix III Interview Questions --- p.172 / Appendix IV The News Cutting of the Incident of Menhan Quan Xi --- p.180 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.189

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Background: Cardio-and Cerebrovascular Disease Event Surveillance System (CDESS) was established in Guangzhou in 2013. It provided important information of the stroke hospitalization and set up a platform for further research on stroke. Objective: To describe the characteristics of stroke hospitalizations in Class 2 and 3 hospitals, examine crude and standardized hospitalization rates by age, sex and stroke subtypes, identify problems in the first year database through the analysis and make recommendations for further improvements Design: Case-series study Setting: Guangzhou, China Subjects: 32324 stroke hospitalizations in Class 2 and 3 hospitals Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to describe the distributions of stroke hospitalizations by age, sex and subtypes. Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA and two-independent sample t-test were conducted to compare differences in sex and age in total strokes and 3 main subtypes. Crude rates, age- and sex-specific hospitalization rates were calculated using the 2010 Guangzhou Census population. Age-standardized rates were calculated by direct standardization method using the WHO world population. Results: The mean age±SD for total strokes was 70.33±12.26 for all subjects, 68.95±12.56 for men and 72.19±11.59 for women. CBI and the 75-79 year age group accounted for the largest proportions in total strokes. The mean age of women was significantly greater than men for total stroke. The crude hospitalization rate of total strokes was 275.22 for men, 224.16 for women and 250.85 for all. The age-standardized rate of total strokes was 308.2 in men, 202.2 in women and 253.5 in all. Conclusion: Because the stroke hospitalization data combined first-ever and recurrent strokes, incident hospitalization rates could not be calculated. The present study also could not distinguish fatal hospitalizations from nonfatal ones. Hence, bed days and hospital charges analysis would not yield meaningful results. The CDESS needs to be improved by collecting information to clarify whether the hospitalization is first-ever or recurrent, and the survival status at discharge. The mortality data from death registration in CDC should be used to check with CDESS data for stroke death outside the hospitals Community based studies are needed to identify strokes not admitted into Class 2 and 3 hospitals. The problems identified in CDESS or WHO STEP Stroke should be discussed with other hospitals in China, such as Hangzhou and Shanghai so that the problems can be tackled together. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health