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Critics have observed that in early Stuart England, the broad, socially significant concept of melancholy was recoded as a specifically medical phenomenon—a disease rather than a fashion. This recoding made melancholy seem less a social attitude than a private ailment. However, I argue that at the Stuart universities, this recoded melancholy became a covert expression of the disillusionment, disappointment, and frustration produced by pressures there—the overcrowding and competition which left many men “disappointed” in preferment, alongside James I’s unprecedented royal involvement in the universities. My argument has implications for Jürgen Habermas’s account of the emergence of the public sphere, which he claims did not occur until the eighteenth-century. I argue that although the university was increasingly subordinated to the crown’s authority, a lingering sense of autonomy persisted there, a residue of the medieval university’s relative autonomy from the crown; politicized by the encroaching Stuart presence, an alienated community at the university formed a kind of public in private from authority within that authority’s midst. The audience for the printed book, a sphere apart from court or university, represented a forum in which the publicity at the universities could be consolidated, especially in seemingly “private” literary forms such as the treatise on melancholy. I argue that Robert Burton’s exaggerated performance of melancholy in The Anatomy of Melancholy, which gains him license to say almost anything, resembles the performed melancholy that the student-prince Hamlet uses to frustrate his uncle’s attempts to surveil him. After tracing melancholy’s evolving literary function through Hamlet, I go on to discuss James’s interventions into the universities. I conclude by considering two printed (and widely circulated) books by university men: the aforementioned The Anatomy of Melancholy by Burton, an Oxford cleric, and The Temple by George Herbert, who left a career as Cambridge’s public orator to become a country parson. I examine how each of these books uses the affective pattern of courtly-scholarly disappointment—transumed by Burton as melancholy, and by Herbert as holy affliction—to develop an empathic form of publicity among its readership which is in tacit opposition to the Stuart court. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-27 15:30:01.702

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Zugl.: Heidelberg, Univ., Diss., 2002

Diss. : Fachbereich 12 " Altertumskunde und Kulturwissenschaften : München : 1978-1979. - Bibliogr. p. 161-178. -

Abstract of Thesis--Universitatea "Babeș-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 241-[257]) and index.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica / En términos generales, este trabajo presenta el estudio y análisis comparativo entre la obra Invitación a la Muerte del mexicano Xavier Villaurrutia y la tragedia clásica de William Shakespeare Hamlet, con el cual se pretende demostrar cómo Villaurrutia realiza una reelaboración surrealista de la obra renacentista, a partir de la recepción del os movimientos europeos de vanguardia de la primera mitad del siglo XX por parte de los artistas y escritores latinoamericanos con el fin de renovar la producción literaria de la época. Villaurrutia, particularmente, innovará en la producción dramática de México con el teatro experimental, el neopsicologismo y una poética surrealista fuertemente influenciada por el trabajo del artista y escritor francés Jean Cocteau, la que no solo encontramos en su obra dramática, sino también poética. Con estos nuevos recursos estéticos, el autor mexicano escribirá Invitación a la muerte, cuyo argumento es elaborado a partir de la tragedia Hamlet, donde Villaurrutia encuentra motivos que le permiten trabajar su drama desde una estética surrealista; entre ellos encontramos el motivo de la muerte, el sueño, la soledad, el amor, la locura y búsqueda por la verdad.

M.A. (English) / This study applies st Thomas Aquinas's principles of love to William Shakespeare's Hamlet in order to establish the moral bases of the causes and effects of the actions of the characters in the play. The dissertation is divided into two parts comprising six chapters. The first part, chapter one, establishes the availability of st Thomas's precepts in the English Renaissance. The second part, comprising chapters two to six, applies st Thomas's principles relating to charitable and concupiscent love to the characters in the play. st Thomas's philosophy exerted a pervasive influence in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and was accessible to educated circles in England. In view of this influence, it is possible that Shakespeare was influenced by Thomist thought when he wrote Hamlet. In this study, the characters are grouped in terms of the Thomist principles of love that they exemplify in Hamlet, with Horatio providing a moral norm, Claudius being the epitome of evil, and the central character, Hamlet, being a source of moral ambiguity. The cast of supporting characters reflects the nuances of good and evil in the play. The study concludes that, while Shakespeare's characters are governed by established Thomist principles, the translation of moral abstracts into practice elicits moral dilemmas that are difficult to resolve.

This research aims to explore the place of marginality (or that which is not the immediate focus of narrative) in the context of the play and through the examination of the characters of Fortinbras and Horatio, in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The intended outcome is to encourage diversified perspectives and approaches to the play by focusing on the marginal themes and/or characters. The chapters address the characters of Fortinbras and Horatio; the first inverts the protagonist/foil relationship by reading Hamlet as a foil to Fortinbras, while the second uses Freud’s “The Uncanny” as a way to understand Horatio’s role in the play, as its uncanniest phenomena. Both are marginal to the text, but both are significant to the understanding of the text. Essentially, the objective is to encourage readings of the play, and of narratives, that appreciate the complexity of marginality, in order to broaden the language for future research.