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Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2009. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3490. Adviser: Janice Lee.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2009. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3491. Adviser: Earl Johnson.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2009. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3492. Advisers: John D.B. Featherstone; Ling Zhan.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2009. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3590. Adviser: Mark I. Ryder.

Clinical and morphological investigations were carried out concerning the osseointegration of dental implants. A clinical evaluation of 1087 implants placed over a seven year time span revealed an osseointegration success rate of 96%. Studies indicated that, on average 8.7 months lapsed between implant insertion and prosthesis delivery. A technique was developed to evaluate the process of osseointegration with the light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). A rat model was used and threaded implants were fabricated from solid commercially pure titanium. LM demonstrated osseointegration and a preservation of implant surface topography utilizing this technique. TEM analysis revealed an electron dense lamina-limitans like layer covered by an amorphous substance adjacent to the surface of the implant. $ sp3$H-proline was used to label seams of bone formation in order to evaluate the distribution and rate of formation of the new bone next to the metal implant. Bone appeared to grow from the old presurgical bone towards the implant with no apparent direct influence of the metal. A quail embryo model was developed to evaluate the effects of vascular occlusion on the formation of bone and to label epithelial blood vessels with iodinated transforming growth factor-beta 1 applied to the chorioallantoic membrane. These preliminary experiments demonstrated that surgical manipulation of the quail embryo was possible for the purposes of studying the process of osseointegration.

<p> Appalachian has many social, economic, and biologic factors impacting dental health over the life-course.</p><p> <i><b>Purpose:</b></i> This study examined dental caries experience and family structure, dental fear, and fatalism in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. </p><p> <i><b>Method:</b></i> Using a cross-sectional study design, 2002-2009 Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia data were analyzed utilizing the World Health Organization definitions for caries experience, dichotomized into low and high. Three groups were studied: 1) children, 11-13 years (N=237); 2) adolescents, 14-17 years (N=191); and 3) adults, 18 years and above (N=1125). For multivariable model development, generalized estimating equations with exchangeable working structures accounted for family clusters. </p><p> <i><b>Results.</b></i> For <b>children,</b> family (second biological child vs. first biological child and niece/nephew/step-/grandchild/other vs. first biological child) Fatalism Scale, Dental Fear Survey, and Short Form Fear of Pain Questionnaire failed to reach a significant difference with caries experience. There were 38.0% reporting fear on the Dental Fear Survey, and 80.2% on the Short Form Fear of Pain Survey. There were 62.0% reporting fatalism. There were 44.7% first biological children, 32.1% second biological children, and 23.2% with other family relationships.</p><p> Overall, for <b>adolescents,</b> family (single parent vs. both parents, same home; and second biological child vs. first biological child and niece/nephew/step-/grandchild/other vs. first biological child) failed to reach a significant difference with caries experience. However, in gender sub-group analysis, living with a single parent was protective for males, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 0.08 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.42; p = 0.0249). The Fatalism Scale failed to reach a significant difference with caries experience in the overall model. For females, there was an AOR of 6.60 (95% CI: 1.89, 9.64; p = 0.0076). Although the Short Form Fear of Pain Questionnaire failed to reach a significant difference with caries experience in the overall model, for males, the AOR was 12.86 (95% CI: 1.71, 96.59; p = 0.0130) and for females, the AOR was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.55; p = 0.100). There were 36.1% reporting fear on the Dental Fear Survey; 63.9% on the Short Form Fear of Pain Survey; and 43.5% reporting fatalism on the Fatalism Scale. There were 54.6% first biological children; 20.6% second biological children, and 24.8% with other family relationships; 53.5% lived in single parent homes.</p><p> For <b>adults,</b> a high Dental Fear Survey score was associated with a high caries experience. The AOR was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.29, 2.40; p = .0003). It remained significant for females (AOR= 2.11[95% CI: 1.41, 3.14; p = 0.0003]). For males, those never married, divorced, widowed, separated, or had other living arrangements vs. married/domestic partnering had an AOR of 0.12 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.36; p = .0002).</p><p> <i><b>Conclusion:</b></i> Caries is a complex disease with many influences. Gender differences exist in age categories in terms of family relationships, fear, and fatalism. Further exploration of these factors is needed to aid in the development of successful interventions to decrease caries severity.</p>

A prospective, randomized, blinded to the surgeon, clinical trial was used to compare the quality of the surgical field, blood loss and operative time when using either hypotensive or normotensive anesthesia during LeFort I osteotomies. / Twenty-three patients were randomized into one of the two groups. / Video imaging was used to assess operative time along with the quality of the surgical field. Intra-evaluator and inter-evaluator reliabilities were confirmed, intra-evaluator reliability being greater and scoring being more consistent. / There was a very highly statistically significant correlation (p $<$.0001) between surgeon's perception of the quality of the surgical field and blood pressure. / There was a statistically significant reduction (p $<$.01) in blood loss when using hypotensive anesthesia. / There was no statistically significant reduction (p = 0.44) in operative time when using hypotensive anesthesia.