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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Mode d'action du facteur de transcription MITF dans la physiopathologie des cellules de mélanome humain / Role of the transcription factor MITF in the physiopathology of human melanoma cells

Strub, Thomas 27 September 2012 (has links)
MITF (MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) contrôle de multiples aspects de la physiopathologie du lignage mélanocytaire. Par des techniques de génomique haut débit (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq), nous avons montré que MITF active un ensemble de gènes impliqués dans la réplication et la réparation de l’ADN ainsi que la mitose pour stimuler la prolifération des cellules de mélanome, et réprime des gènes contrôlant leur caractère invasif. Pour étudier le mécanisme d’action de MITF, son interactome a été déterminé par spectrométrie de masse mettant en évidence de nombreux partenaires à activité co-activateur ou co-répresseur (bcaténine, complexes de remodelage de la chromatine BRG1 et NURF) ainsi que des facteurs intervenant dans le cycle de l’ubiquitination et de déubuquitination (HERC2 et USP11). Une caractérisation fonctionnelle de HERC2 et USP11 suggère qu’ils agissent comme des cofacteurs transcriptionnels de MITF essentiels pour la prolifération des cellules de mélanome. / MITF (MIcrophthalmia-associated Transcription Factor) controls multiple aspects of the physiopathology of the melanocyte lineage. Using high throughput genomics techniques (ChIP-seq, RNA-seq), we show that MITF activates a set of genes involved in DNA replication and repair as well as mitosis to promote melanoma cell proliferation, while repressing genes involved in promoting their invasion. To better understand how MITF acts both as a transcriptional activator and repressor, we characterized the MITF interactome by tandem immuno-affinity purification and mass-spectrometry. A complex set of partners with coactivatoror co-repressor properties were identified (b-catenin, the BRG1 and NURF chromatin remodeling complexes) as well as novel factors with ubiquitin E3 ligase (HERC2) and ubiquitin-specific protease (USP11) activities. Functional characterization of HERC2 and USP11 suggests that they act as transcriptional cofactors for MITF essential for melanoma cell proliferation.
2

Variantes nos genes OCA2 e HERC2 associadas a fenótipos clássicos de pigmentação e estruturas secundárias presentes na íris em amostra miscigenada da população brasileira / Variants within OCA2 and HERC2 genes associated with classical pigmentation phenotypes and iris features in Brazilian admixed population sample

Debortoli, Guilherme 20 June 2018 (has links)
A pigmentação dos olhos, cabelos e pele, bem como presença ou ausência de sardas, está entre os exemplos mais visíveis da variação fenotípica humana. O estudo da diversidade genética em genes de pigmentação tem beneficiado diferentes áreas do conhecimento, como a área da genética e antropologia forense, bem como a área relacionada a saúde e bemestar. Adicionalmente, a presença de estruturas secundárias na íris tem sido reportada como importante fator na percepção de cor de olho observada que um indivíduo pode ter referente a íris e também a fatores de risco para algumas doenças oculares, ainda que as bases genéticas envolvidas nestas características sejam pouco conhecidas. Os genes OCA2 e HERC2 representam dois genes associados à variação normal da pigmentação. Este trabalho avaliou a relação de polimorfismos nas regiões regulatórias e codificantes destes dois genes com os fenótipos de pigmentação e estruturas secundárias presentes na íris encontrados em uma amostra populacional de 340 indivíduos do estado de São Paulo, por meio de sequenciamento de nova geração. Análises de regressão logística e linear para as variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas da cor dos olhos e estruturas secundárias presentes na íris foram realizadas. 170 pontos de variação ao longo das regiões estudadas foram identificados, dos quais 18 estão associadas a pelo menos um fenótipo de pigmentação e estruturas secundárias presentes na íris. Destaca-se a existência de muitos polimorfismos que não se mostrara-se associados quando avaliados independentemente, porém foram associados quando analisados sob a ótica de interações epistáticas, considerada uma possível explicação para a variabilidade encontrada nestes fenótipos, principalmente aqueles intermediários, como a cor dos olhos verdes e mel. O uso de variáveis quantitativas para os olhos revelou pela primeira vez a associação do polimorfismo não sinônimo rs201872292 no gene HERC2 com olhos claros, independente do efeito do polimorfismo rs12913832. Ainda, a associação do polimorfismo rs58358300 localizado em um íntron do gene HERC2 com pigmentação da esclera, o que representa a primeira vez que um polimorfismo é associado a esta característica. Este foi o primeiro estudo no Brasil que se propôs a analisar polimorfismos genéticos em genes candidatos à variação normal da pigmentação humana com estruturas secundárias presentes na íris. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese de que polimorfismos dos genes OCA2 e HERC2 podem contribuir para a formação dos fenótipos clássicos de pigmentação de olhos, pele, cabelos e estruturas secundárias presentes na íris humana dos indivíduos da população brasileira. / The pigmentation of the eyes, hair and skin, as well as the presence or absence of freckles, are amongst the most visible examples of human phenotypic variation. The study of genetic diversity in pigmentation genes has contributed greatly to the fields of forensics genetics, anthropological genetics and public health. In addition, the presence of iris features has been reported to influence the perception of overall iris color and also consists in risk factors for ocular diseases, although very little is known about the genetic basis of these traits. The OCA2 and HERC2 genes have been associated with normal variation of pigmentation in diverse populations. The present study evaluated the relationship of polymorphisms in the regulatory and coding regions of these two genes with the pigmentation phenotypes and iris features found in a population sample of 340 individuals from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, through next-generation sequencing. Logistic and linear regression analyzes for the qualitative and quantitative variables were performed. A total of 170 points of variation throughout the studied regions were identified, of which 18 were associated with at least one pigmentation phenotype when analyzed as qualitative and/or quantitative variables and iris features. It is worth mentioning that many associations that were not observed when evaluated independently, were indeed associated when analyzed from the perspective of epistatic effects, which is considered a possible explanation for the variability found in these phenotypes, especially those presented as intermediate, such as green and hazel eye colors. The use of quantitative variables to evaluate the eye color, acquired from photographs, revealed for the first time the association of the nonsynonymous mutation rs201872292 in the HERC2 gene with light eyes, independently of the effect of the rs12913832 polymorphism. We highlight the association of the polymorphism rs58358300 located in an intron of the HERC2 gene with sclera pigmentation, which was the first time that a polymorphism is associated with this feature. This was the first study in Brazil to analyze genetic polymorphisms in candidate genes related to normal variation of human pigmentation and iris features by next-generation sequencing. The results confirm the hypothesis that OCA2 and HERC2 genes may contribute to classic pigmentation phenotypes of eyes, skin, hair, freckles and iris features in the Brazilian population.

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