Tripterygium wilfordii (T. wilfordii , TW ), a wildly used herb medicine,was tested for anticancer effect on human myeloid leukemia cells, HL60 in this study. The extract powder of T. wilfordii induced the apoptosis of HL60 cells was demonstrated by morphological change, cell viability, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. However, normal human peripheral mononuclear cells remained viable under the same treatment. The T. wilfordii induced apoptosis of HL60 cells was associated with the increased Bax gene expression and decreased Bcl-2 gene expression. In addition, the gene expression of c-Myc, and hTERT, TP1, but not TR was downregulated in TW treatedHL60 cells in dose-dependent manner. Telomerase activity in HL60 cell was inhibited by the T. wilfordii . C-Myc protein is reported as a positive regulator of hTERT gene in HL60 cells. Therefore, proto-oncogene c-myc might play an essential role in the regulation of telomerase activity in HL60cells exposed to theT. wilfordii . All the treated cells showed a decrease in telomerase activity after T. wilfordii treatment. Taken togather, these results indicate that theT. Wilfordii-induced apoptosis in HL60 is mediated through mitochondrial pathway in parallel with the decrease expression of hTERT gene.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Cordiaquinona J à uma 1,4-naftoquinona isolada das raÃzes de Cordia leucocephala, que apresenta atividade antifÃngica e larvicida. No entanto, nÃo hà relatos quanto a sua atividade citotÃxica. No presente estudo, foi investigado os efeitos citotÃxicos da cordiaquinona J sobre a viabilidade de cÃlulas tumorais, cujo valores de CI50 variaram de 2,7 a 6,6 μM em cÃlulas de HL-60 e SF-295 respectivamente. Estudos realizados em cÃlulas leucÃmicas de HL-60 indicaram que a cordiaquinona J (1,5 e 3,0 μM) reduziu a viabilidade celular e a incorporaÃÃo do BrdU apÃs 24 horas de incubaÃÃo. AlÃm disso, a cordiaquinona J mostrou rÃpida induÃÃo de apoptose, como indicado pela externalizaÃÃo da fosfatidilserina, ativaÃÃo de caspases, fragmentaÃÃo do DNA e mudanÃas morfolÃgicas, alÃm de uma rÃpida induÃÃo de necrose, como indicado pela perda da integridade de membrana e mudanÃas morfolÃgicas. Cordiaquinona J altera o potencial redox de cÃlulas tumorais por induzir geraÃÃo de espÃcies reativas de oxigÃnio e perda do potencial da membrana mitocondrial como eventos iniciais. AlÃm disso, o prÃ-tratamento das cÃlulas com N-acetil-L-cisteÃna (NAC) aboliu a maioria dos efeitos observados relacionados ao tratamento com a cordiaquinona J, incluindo os efeitos relacionados a induÃÃo de apoptose e de necrose, sugerindo que a citotoxidade dessa molÃcula està relacionada a geraÃÃo de EROs. Assim, o presente estudo ressalta o potencial antitumoral da Cordiaquinona J. / Cordiaquinone J is a 1,4-naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of C. leucocephala, with antifungal and larvicidal activities. Nonetheless the cytotoxic effects of cordiaquinone J have never being explored. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of cordiaquinone J on tumor cells viability, showing IC50 values in the range of 2.7 to 6.6 μM in HL-60 and SF-295, respectively. Studies performed in HL-60 leukemia cells indicated that cordiaquinone J (1.5 and 3 μM) reduced cell viability and BrdU incorporation after 24 hours of incubation. Cordiaquinone J showed rapid induction of apoptosis, as indicated by phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes and, rapid induction of necrosis, as indicated by the loss of membrane integrity and morphologic changes. Cordiaquinone J altered the redox potential of tumor cells by inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential as initial events. The pretreatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abolished most of the observed effects related to cordiaquinone J treatment, including those related to apoptosis and necrosis induction. Thus, present results highlight the antitumor potential of cordiaquinona J.

Thesis (PhD) -- Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. / Bibliography: leaves 295-322. / Generation of peroxide groups in proteins exposed to a wide variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) requires an initial formation of protein carbon-centred or peroxyl free radicals, which can be reduced to hydroperoxides. Both protein radicals and protein hydroperoxides are capable of oxidizing important biomolecules and thus initiate biological damage. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of protein hydroperoxide formation by ascorbate and GSH in gamma-irradiated HL-60 cells.--We used HL-60 cells as a model for general protection of living organisms by ascorbate (Asc) and glutathione (GSH) from the deleterious effects of protein hydroperoxides generated by radicals produced by gamma radiation. Measurement by HPLC indicated that incubation of HL-60 cells with Asc in the presence of ascorbate oxidase resulted in the accumulation of intracellular Asc. The intracellular Asc levels were lowered by irradiation, demonstrating intracellular consumption of Asc by the radiation-generated radicals. Exposure of HL-60 cells to increasing gamma irradiation doses resulted in increasing accumulation of protein peroxides in the cells. This was measured by the FOX assay. A significant decrease in intracellular protein hydroperoxides was noted when the cells were treated with ascorbic acid before irradiation. A dose-dependent protective effect of Asc was observed. Asc loading also provided strong protection from radiation-generated protein hydroperoxides independently of the composition of the external medium, showing that only the radicals formed within the cells were effective in oxidizing the cell proteins. Similarly, protein peroxidation was inhibited in cells with enhanced levels of GSH and increased when the intracellular GSH concentration was reduced. These findings indicate that ascorbate and GSH are important antioxidants in protecting cells from oxidative stress associated with the generation of protein hydroperoxide. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / xxix, 322 leaves ill

L’altération de la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE) par les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunes circulantes peut mener à la neuroinflammation. Les cellules leucémiques promyélocytaires HL-60 sont un excellent modèle pour étudier et comprendre les mécanismes de signalisation moléculaires qui caractérisent le développement tumoral et métastatique. La cancérogenèse peut s’accompagner de modulations de l’expression de biomarqueurs tels que la cyclooxygénase-2 et la métalloprotéase-9. Les recherches décrites dans ce mémoire relatent l’analyse des biomarqueurs inflammatoires et invasifs régulés lors de la différenciation induite par le PMA des cellules HL-60 en macrophages. Le statut de différenciation cellulaire pourrait avoir un impact sur les gènes cibles de la voie NF-κB. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le PMA active la voie NF-κB et que cette signalisation peut être renversée par l’(-)-épigallocatéchine-gallate (EGCG). En effet, une régulation à la hausse de l’expression de plusieurs gènes combinée à la diminution de l’expression d’IκB mettent en évidence l’implication de la voie NF-κB dans l’activation des mécanismes pro-inflammatoires et pro-invasifs. Les mêmes observations sont faites dans les cellules différenciées appelées «macrophages-like». L’EGCG, un polyphénol dérivé du thé vert, a un potentiel chimiopréventif. Il est capable d’inhiber la signalisation moléculaire passant par la voie NF-κB dans les cellules HL-60 traitées simultanément par l’EGCG et le PMA, mais pas dans les cellules «macrophages-like». Cette différence peut s’expliquer par une modulation de l’expression du récepteur de surface cellulaire de l’EGCG, le récepteur à la laminine de 67 kDa, et de son précurseur de 37 kDa. Collectivement, nos résultats montrent que le statut de différenciation des cellules promyélocytaires HL-60 concorde avec l’activation des mécanismes favorisant le développement d’un cancer et des métastases. Cet effet peut être prévenu par l’utilisation d’agents naturels tel l’EGCG. Le ciblage de biomarqueurs liés au statut de différenciation des cellules tumorales impliquées dans la perturbation de la barrière hématoencéphalique qui cause la neuroinflammation permettrait l’avancement des connaissances dans la prévention de la cancérogenèse. / Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption by circulating tumor and immune cells leads to secondary inflammatory infections. Promyelocytic HL-60 cells represent an excellent model to study and to get a better understanding of the molecular signaling mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The research described in this thesis shows the analysis of several inflammatory and invasive biomarkers regulated during PMA-induced differentiation of promyelocytic HL-60 cells into macrophages. Carcinogenesis involves some modifications in the expression of biomarkers such as cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9. The differentiation status could have an impact on the NF-κB signaling pathway that regulates the target genes, given that these target genes expression varies during cell differentiation. We hypothesize that the activation of the NF-κB pathway by PMA can be reverse by (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). Indeed, the up-regulation of downstream genes combined with the down-regulation of IκB expression showed the significant implication of the NF-κB signaling pathway to activate pro-inflammatory and pro-invasive mechanisms linked to carcinogenesis. The same evidence exhibits in the differentiated cells called «macrophages-like». Moreover, the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, shows chemopreventive property since it better inhibited NF-κB signaling in cells treated simultaneously with EGCG and PMA compared to the «macrophages-like». This difference could be due, in part, to the down-regulation of the 67 kDa laminin receptor, known to be the non-integrin membrane receptor for EGCG. All together, our results suggest that the differentiation status of promyelocytic cells is linked to the activation of mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. These phenomena can be prevented by using natural agents such as EGCG. Targeting the specific biomarkers linked to the differentiation status of tumor cells and involved in the disruption of the BBB may help reduce secondary neuroinflammation and enable the advancement of knowledge towards carcinogenesis prevention.

L’altération de la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE) par les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunes circulantes peut mener à la neuroinflammation. Les cellules leucémiques promyélocytaires HL-60 sont un excellent modèle pour étudier et comprendre les mécanismes de signalisation moléculaires qui caractérisent le développement tumoral et métastatique. La cancérogenèse peut s’accompagner de modulations de l’expression de biomarqueurs tels que la cyclooxygénase-2 et la métalloprotéase-9. Les recherches décrites dans ce mémoire relatent l’analyse des biomarqueurs inflammatoires et invasifs régulés lors de la différenciation induite par le PMA des cellules HL-60 en macrophages. Le statut de différenciation cellulaire pourrait avoir un impact sur les gènes cibles de la voie NF-κB. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le PMA active la voie NF-κB et que cette signalisation peut être renversée par l’(-)-épigallocatéchine-gallate (EGCG). En effet, une régulation à la hausse de l’expression de plusieurs gènes combinée à la diminution de l’expression d’IκB mettent en évidence l’implication de la voie NF-κB dans l’activation des mécanismes pro-inflammatoires et pro-invasifs. Les mêmes observations sont faites dans les cellules différenciées appelées «macrophages-like». L’EGCG, un polyphénol dérivé du thé vert, a un potentiel chimiopréventif. Il est capable d’inhiber la signalisation moléculaire passant par la voie NF-κB dans les cellules HL-60 traitées simultanément par l’EGCG et le PMA, mais pas dans les cellules «macrophages-like». Cette différence peut s’expliquer par une modulation de l’expression du récepteur de surface cellulaire de l’EGCG, le récepteur à la laminine de 67 kDa, et de son précurseur de 37 kDa. Collectivement, nos résultats montrent que le statut de différenciation des cellules promyélocytaires HL-60 concorde avec l’activation des mécanismes favorisant le développement d’un cancer et des métastases. Cet effet peut être prévenu par l’utilisation d’agents naturels tel l’EGCG. Le ciblage de biomarqueurs liés au statut de différenciation des cellules tumorales impliquées dans la perturbation de la barrière hématoencéphalique qui cause la neuroinflammation permettrait l’avancement des connaissances dans la prévention de la cancérogenèse. / Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption by circulating tumor and immune cells leads to secondary inflammatory infections. Promyelocytic HL-60 cells represent an excellent model to study and to get a better understanding of the molecular signaling mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. The research described in this thesis shows the analysis of several inflammatory and invasive biomarkers regulated during PMA-induced differentiation of promyelocytic HL-60 cells into macrophages. Carcinogenesis involves some modifications in the expression of biomarkers such as cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9. The differentiation status could have an impact on the NF-κB signaling pathway that regulates the target genes, given that these target genes expression varies during cell differentiation. We hypothesize that the activation of the NF-κB pathway by PMA can be reverse by (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). Indeed, the up-regulation of downstream genes combined with the down-regulation of IκB expression showed the significant implication of the NF-κB signaling pathway to activate pro-inflammatory and pro-invasive mechanisms linked to carcinogenesis. The same evidence exhibits in the differentiated cells called «macrophages-like». Moreover, the green tea polyphenol, EGCG, shows chemopreventive property since it better inhibited NF-κB signaling in cells treated simultaneously with EGCG and PMA compared to the «macrophages-like». This difference could be due, in part, to the down-regulation of the 67 kDa laminin receptor, known to be the non-integrin membrane receptor for EGCG. All together, our results suggest that the differentiation status of promyelocytic cells is linked to the activation of mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and metastasis. These phenomena can be prevented by using natural agents such as EGCG. Targeting the specific biomarkers linked to the differentiation status of tumor cells and involved in the disruption of the BBB may help reduce secondary neuroinflammation and enable the advancement of knowledge towards carcinogenesis prevention.