Les souris invalidées pour Hnf1a présentent un diabète sévère avec défaut d’insulino-sécrétion proche du phénotype observé chez les patients MODY3 (Maturity Onset Diabetes of te Young). Les mécanismes moléculaires responsables du diabète lié à la déficience en Hnf1a ne sont pas clairement compris. Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que des souris congéniques présentant la même délétion de Hnf1a dans des fonds génétiques différents présentent des phénotypes radicalement opposés. En effet, la déficience en Hnf1a conduit à un diabète sévère dans la plupart des lignées telles que 129, B6, BALB/c ou AJ (lignées sensibles). Mais à l’inverse, aucun diabète n’est observé chez les souris congéniques des lignées CBA et C3H malgré le défaut d’expression de Hnf1a (lignées résistantes). Les souris sensibles présentent une altération de leurs îlots de Langerhans avec notamment une diminution de taille de ces îlots. A l’inverse les souris résistantes présentent des îlots beta de taille normale malgré la déficience en Hnf1a. Nous avons pu montrer que le ou les variants génétiques présents dans les deux lignées résistantes agissent de façon dominante et, par un balayage du génome, nous avons identifié un locus majeur suppresseur du phénotype diabétique au niveau du chromosome 3. Ce locus majeur contient 11 gènes présentant des variations de SNP non synonymes et il interagit avec cinq autres loci ancillaires au niveau des chromosomes 4, 11 et 18. Notre travail montre finalement que les variations génétiques naturellement présentes dans les lignées de souris de laboratoire peuvent supprimer le phénotype diabétique lié à la déficience en Hnf1a. / Hnf1a-/- mice exhibit a severe diabetes mellitus due to a drastic defect in insulin secretion that closely resembles to the phenotype presented by MODY3 (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young type 3) patients. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the diabetes are still poorly understood. Here we show that congenic mice of different genetic backgrounds carrying the same Hnf1a deletion presented with drastically different phenotypes. Hnf1a-deficiency led to severe diabetes when introgressed into 129, B6, BALB/C or A/J genetic backgrounds (sensitive strains). Conversely, when the same null mutation was introgressed into CBA or C3H genetic backgrounds (resistant strains), the diabetic phenotype was suppressed. In sensitive strains, pancreatic islets did not increase in size compared to control animals and on the other hand average islet-size growth was normal in resistant strains. The genetic variations naturally present in these two resistant strains acted in a dominant way and a genome scan analysis led to the identification of a major suppressor locus on chromosome 3 that accounted for more than 60% of the variance of glycemia. The major locus contained 11 genes with non-synonymous SNPs changes and it interacted with 5 additional ancillary loci on chromosomes 4, 11 and 18. Our study demonstrated that the naturally occurring genetic variation present in distinct mouse laboratory strains is able to suppress the phenotype of a monogenic disorder.

No rim, a maior parte da carga de glicose filtrada é reabsorvida na porção inicial do túbulo proximal, no qual são co-expressos os transportadores: SGLT2 e GLUT2. No diabetes mellitus ocorre aumento no fluxo transepitelial de glicose, o que decorre de aumento na expressão desses transportadores, e pode ser revertido pelo tratamento com insulina. Os fatores transcricionais HNF1A, HNF4A e FOXA2 são descritos como potenciais reguladores do gene Slc2a2. A proteína AKT medeia efeitos da insulina, e é capaz de ativar fatores transcricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar em linhagem celular IRPTC, o efeito da alta concentração de glicose e da insulina sobre a expressão de Slc2a2/GLUT2 e Slc5a2/SGLT2, assim como a participação da AKT e dos fatores transcricionais. Observamos que a alta concentração de glicose aumentou a expressão do Slc2a2/GLUT2 e a atividade de ligação dos fatores transcricionais HNF4A e FOXA2 na região promotora do gene Slc2a2, por mecanismo mediado pela AKT. A insulina reverteu o efeito sobre o Slc2a2, porém não alterou o conteúdo de GLUT2. / Glucose filtrated load is reabsorbed in renal proximal tubule by the coordinate action of the glucose transporters SGLT2 and GLUT2. In diabetes, renal glucose reabsorption increases; that involves overexpression of the glucose transporters, and is reversed by insulin therapy. The transcription factors HNF1A, HNF4A and FOXA2 have been proposed as modulators of Slc2a2 gene expression. The AKT protein is an important mediator of insulin action, and has been able to activate transcription factors. The present study investigates in immortalized rat proximal tubule cells the effects of high glucose and insulin concentrations upon the Slc2a2/GLUT2 and Slc5a2/SGLT2 expression, as well as the participation of AKT, HNF1A, HNF4A and FOXA2. On the other hand, 25 mM glucose increased the expression of Slc2a2GLUT2, which was accompanied by increased HNF4A and FOXA2 binding in the Slc2a2 promoter, in an AKT-mediated way. Insulin reversed the Slc2a2 mRNA regulation, but did not alter GLUT2 content.

No rim, a maior parte da carga de glicose filtrada é reabsorvida na porção inicial do túbulo proximal, no qual são co-expressos os transportadores: SGLT2 e GLUT2. No diabetes mellitus ocorre aumento no fluxo transepitelial de glicose, o que decorre de aumento na expressão desses transportadores, e pode ser revertido pelo tratamento com insulina. Os fatores transcricionais HNF1A, HNF4A e FOXA2 são descritos como potenciais reguladores do gene Slc2a2. A proteína AKT medeia efeitos da insulina, e é capaz de ativar fatores transcricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar em linhagem celular IRPTC, o efeito da alta concentração de glicose e da insulina sobre a expressão de Slc2a2/GLUT2 e Slc5a2/SGLT2, assim como a participação da AKT e dos fatores transcricionais. Observamos que a alta concentração de glicose aumentou a expressão do Slc2a2/GLUT2 e a atividade de ligação dos fatores transcricionais HNF4A e FOXA2 na região promotora do gene Slc2a2, por mecanismo mediado pela AKT. A insulina reverteu o efeito sobre o Slc2a2, porém não alterou o conteúdo de GLUT2. / Glucose filtrated load is reabsorbed in renal proximal tubule by the coordinate action of the glucose transporters SGLT2 and GLUT2. In diabetes, renal glucose reabsorption increases; that involves overexpression of the glucose transporters, and is reversed by insulin therapy. The transcription factors HNF1A, HNF4A and FOXA2 have been proposed as modulators of Slc2a2 gene expression. The AKT protein is an important mediator of insulin action, and has been able to activate transcription factors. The present study investigates in immortalized rat proximal tubule cells the effects of high glucose and insulin concentrations upon the Slc2a2/GLUT2 and Slc5a2/SGLT2 expression, as well as the participation of AKT, HNF1A, HNF4A and FOXA2. On the other hand, 25 mM glucose increased the expression of Slc2a2GLUT2, which was accompanied by increased HNF4A and FOXA2 binding in the Slc2a2 promoter, in an AKT-mediated way. Insulin reversed the Slc2a2 mRNA regulation, but did not alter GLUT2 content.