Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:28:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4305629 bytes, checksum: bea76d1e03a0b9ec81399e4e6223b32d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The inadequate occupation, lack of planning, management and conservation of watersheds have triggered environmental degradation processes, such as, reduced water infiltration into the soil, increasing runoff that contributes to the transport of sediments and nutrients to watercourses, and compromises environmental quality of aquatic systems and the environment. The main sources of these processes of deterioration of water bodies is a diffuse source pollution as a result of the intensification and expansion of agriculture and livestock without preparation techniques, soil management and conservation. Because of these numerous factors acting together, the river basin Piranga can be considered with a high level of environmental complexity and therefore deserves special attention. In order to identify and quantify the magnitude of these processes we used the Soil and Water Assement Tool (SWAT) which is a hydrologic model developed to simulate physical processes (natural and anthropogenic), streamflow forecasting, runoff, erosion and transport of sediment and nutrients from watersheds under different managements. To ensure consistency in the data generated after the simulation and the consequent applicability in the study area and its extrapolation to other areas, we performed a calibration and validation in order to extract the maximum potential of the model and features. The calibration and validation made use of the optimization algorithm Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI-2) which provided an uncertainty analysis by graphical analysis bands than 95PPU together with the R-factor and Rfactor. Also available is a statistical summary which shows the efficiency coefficient of Nash and Sutcliffe and Determination R2. It was used as a reference fluviometric seven seasons and three monitoring stations of sediment and nutrients. The loads (in kg.ha-1) of sediment yield and nutrient losses, nitrate (NO3) and total phosphorus (TP), are presented considering the hydrological response units (HRU) for the use and occupation. The results of the calibration and validation of the model for flow, sediment and nutrients were satisfactory considering the complexity of multiple processes working in Piranga River watershed. / A ocupação inadequada, a falta de planejamento, manejo e conservação das bacias hidrográficas têm desencadeado processos de degradação ambiental, tais como, redução da capacidade de infiltração de água no solo, aumento do escoamento superficial que contribui para o transporte de sedimentos e nutrientes para os cursos d água, e compromete a qualidade ambiental do sistema aquático e do meio ambiente. As principais fontes causadoras desses processos de deterioração dos corpos hídricos é a poluição de origem difusa, como resultado da intensificação e expansão da agricultura e pecuária sem técnicas de preparo, manejo e conservação do solo. Devido a esses inúmeros fatores atuando conjuntamente, a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Piranga pode ser considerada com alto nível de complexidade ambiental e, portanto merece atenção especial. Com a finalidade de identificar e quantificar a magnitude desses processos utilizou-se o Soil and Water Assement Tool (SWAT) que é um modelo hidrológico desenvolvido para simular processos físicos (naturais e antrópicos), previsão de vazões, escoamento superficial, erosão e transporte de sedimentos e nutrientes de bacias hidrográficas submetidas a diferentes manejos. Para garantir consistência aos dados gerados após a simulação e à conseqüente aplicabilidade na área em estudo ou sua extrapolação a outras áreas, foi realizada a calibração e a validação a fim de se extrair o máximo das potencialidades e recursos do modelo. A calibração e a validação fizeram uso do algoritmo de otimização Sequential Uncertainty FItting versão 2 (SUFI-2) que forneceu uma análise de incerteza através de análise gráfica das bandas de 95% de predição de incerteza (95PPU), acompanhado do R-fator e P-fator. Também é disponibilizado um sumário estatístico onde são apresentados os coeficientes de eficiência de Nash e Sutcliffe e o de Determinação R2. Utilizou-se como referência sete estações fluviométricas e três estações de monitoramento de sedimento e nutrientes. As cargas (em kg.ha-1) de produção de sedimentos, e perdas de nutrientes, nitrato (NO3) e fósforo total (PT), são apresentadas considerando as unidades de resposta hidrológica (HRU) quanto ao uso e ocupação. Os resultados da calibração e validação do modelo para vazão, sedimentos e nutrientes foram satisfatórios considerando a complexidade de vários processos atuantes na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Piranga.

Title: The influence of volleyball on sports and after sports life of players Objectives: The aim of this work is to find out in a comprehensive way the extent to which players are affected by long-term performance in an active volleyball team, how it affects the psychosomatic state of players and the possible impact of the game on the life of the player even after their sports career. Methods: The thesis uses many-case exploratory studies with data collection through structured questionnaire forms and supplementary interviews. A total of 60 respondents participated in this qualitative research. The obtained data was examined by using the thematic analysis method. Tables and accompanying reports were used as an output form, formulating the researched phenomena and connecting the research with the theoretical part of the work. Results: The collected data emphasized the importance of respecting the personalities of the players in all aspects. They confirmed the importance of harmony between the physical and mental aspects of the approach to training and game, and thus emphasized the psychosomatic unity that must be respected by the coach if the goal is a top notch game of the team as a whole. The research further confirmed that the background of the players lies not only in the broader social context...