&ldquo / New paradigm of disability&rdquo / relates not only to persons but also to the environment they are living in. Therefore recent studies concentrate on the dynamic interplay of the persons and the environment, rather than rather than studying them as separate entities. This approach has revealed that disabled people become handicapped when they face with barriers restricting or impeding their activities in daily life. Physical, cultural and social barriers have been undertaken by many countries after substantial debate. In the United Kingdom and Japan for instance, disability and accessibility issues have been tackled with reference to disabled people&rsquo / s demands and long-tem struggles against discriminatory implementations in the past. In these countries, whilst disability issue has been discussed, accessibility legislation including numerous measurements for implementation has been enacted and a considerable progress for removing barriers and providing accessibility in the built environment has been experienced through many institutional instruments. In Turkey, although there are now a lot of legislative measurements for accessibility, little progress is observed in recent years. Barriers in the built environment are still restricting, and even hindering full participation of disabled v people to social life. The problem of inaccessibility is seen related to practice rather than legislation or theoretical frameworks in Turkey. Since they are a part of the bureaucratic system having responsibility on the planning and designing of built environment, local agencies with their administrative and technical staff and organisation gain importance in terms of maintaining accessibility to the disabled. The study aims to provide information about attitudes of local agencies towards disability and accessibility in terms of practitioners rather than users. This study interrogates the knowledge level and outlooks of the related personnel and works of local agencies about disability and accessibility.

This study aims to compare Roma community in Edirne and Dom community in Diyarbakir with regard to their integration levels to different majorities (respectively Turks in Edirne and Kurds in Diyarbakir) and belonging to the political body (state), access to citizenship rights (civil, social, political and cultural) and the affect of transnational citizenship on Roma and Dom communities. The main argument of this study asserts that Roma community can have more access to citizenship rights than Dom community. This is related with the fact that Roma community lives with Turks, who are the ethnic majority in Edirne and in Turkey, whereas Dom community lives mostly with Kurds, who are the majority in Diyarbakir but minority in Turkey. Foremost, Roma community has closer connections with state and transnational space than Dom community. The study has found that ethnicity appears as a common barrier for both communities in benefiting from full citizenship. However, it is noted that they experienced different historical, social and economic transformations. Social exclusion is observed at different levels for the two communities. Hence, the study tries to explain why the equality principle of citizenship is ruptured for both communities. While forced migration in 1990s and the gradual loss of musician craft were key factors for the exclusion of Dom community in the labor market,Roma community with affect of agricultural modernization, has repositioned themselves in terms of ethnicity and class formation in last 40-50 years owing mainly to urbanization and modernization. The study has found that Dom community has very limited citizenship rights compared to Roma community. The differences can be obviously seen with regard to impact of poverty and their integration levels to the majority.

ABSTRACT PRIVACY AND SEGREGATION AS A BASIS FOR ANALYZING AND MODELLING THE URBAN SPACE COMPOSITION OF THE LIBYAN TRADITIONAL CITY CASE STUDY: THE CITY OF GHADAMES Faraj Abubaker El-Agouri Ph.D., Department of City and Regional Planning Supervisor: Asoc. Dr. Baykan Gunay October, 296 pages The study examines the spatial and visual privacy in different areas within the walled city of Ghadames, where different ethnic communities live in distinct localities. Conceptual and theoretical notions of privacy are tested, whose ultimate value is further refinement of privacy regulation conceptually and operationally. Complexities of privacy as a concept and its regulation are clarified through theory and extracted spatio-cultural information about physical settings created by these communities. The space syntax and isovist field analysis are applied as an integrated methodology. The study demonstrates usefulness and adaptability of this integrated approach, which provides a fairly definitive interpretation (i.e. understanding) of physical settings of the city that residents as well as visitors perceive as regulating privacy, and where privacy fits into the user&rsquo / s perception. The structure of the thesis can be understood as consisting of three parts. Part one includes literature about privacy definition, functions, regulating mechanisms, framework within the context of culture as well as the interface between private and public spaces. Second part introduces theory of space syntax and concept of visibility graph analysis (Isovist field). It also introduces the case study of Ghadames, field survey and observations. It illuminates the inhabitants&rsquo / lifestyle, and show how they label spaces by function, gender and user identity. Part three analyses syntactically and visually the spatial structures for the whole walled city as well as the nine selected ethnic communities as embedded within the city and in isolation. In brief, this study attempts to observe and quantify physical settings as privacy regulation mechanisms that operate within context of culture. Mechanisms are the physical elements that facilitate or impede privacy regulation in the city and/or enable users themselves to regulate privacy through their own locales. The elements are composed of field characteristics and barriers. Field characteristics regulate privacy by perceptually altering the physical context through shape, size, orientation, and environmental conditions. Barriers regulate privacy physically and symbolically through walls, screens, objects, and symbols.