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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With the recent advancement of computation and imaging technology, Image-based computational fluid dynamics (ICFD) has emerged as a great non-invasive capability to study biomedical flows. These modern technologies increase the potential of computation-aided diagnostics and therapeutics in a patient-specific environment. I studied three components of this image-based computational fluid dynamics process in this work. To ensure accurate medical assessment, realistic computational analysis is needed, for which patient-specific image segmentation of the diseased vessel is of paramount importance. In this work, image segmentation of several human arteries, veins, capillaries, and organs was conducted to use them for further hemodynamic simulations. To accomplish these, several open-source and commercial software packages were implemented. This study incorporates a new computational platform, called InVascular, to quantify the 4D velocity field in image-based pulsatile flows using the Volumetric Lattice Boltzmann Method (VLBM). We also conducted several parametric studies on an idealized case of a 3-D pipe with the dimensions of a human renal artery. We investigated the relationship between stenosis severity and Resistive index (RI). We also explored how pulsatile parameters like heart rate or pulsatile pressure gradient affect RI. As the process of ICFD analysis is based on imaging and other hemodynamic data, it is often time-consuming due to the extensive data processing time. For clinicians to make fast medical decisions regarding their patients, we need rapid and accurate ICFD results. To achieve that, we also developed surrogate models to show the potential of supervised machine learning methods in constructing efficient and precise surrogate models for Hagen-Poiseuille and Womersley flows.