Although Han Yü is already famous as a great prose writer in Chinese literature, few Western scholars seem to be aware of the depth and originality of his poetry. This thesis is an attempt to shed some light on Han Yü's immense contributions to Chinese verse in order to correct this one-sided view of Han Yü which most scholars have. By way of introduction, a short biography of Han Yü has been prepared from the traditional historical sources and modern Chinese and Japanese materials. Also included is a short review of Han Yü's thought with particular reference to his attitudes toward Buddhism to correct the misconception that he was completely hostile to the Indian religion. Even though the thesis is mainly concerned with Han's poetry, his prose style cannot be ignored because of its importance to his poetry and Chinese literature in general. Han Yü's poetry is distinguished by the strangeness of its language and the consistent breaking of old rules of prosody. The fu device is found to be particularly prominent, and the writer's penchant for the composing of narrative verse is quite unique in China. The source of much of the weird subject material of Han Yü's verse is the mythology of the Chinese peasant, and Han's poetry is quite atypical in the predominance of an absurd humor never observed before in the Chinese tradition. Han's absurd humor is the key to his philosophy of life: a good-humored resignation to an inavoidable fate. The origin of the weirder aspects of Han Yü's poetry is hard to account for, and after an examination of possible sources in literati verse it is concluded that Han owes much to the non-literatus and folk tradition in Chinese literature. Han Yü was the center of one of the most important poetic movements in mid-T'ang times, and a school consisting of Li Ho, Meng Chiao, Lu T'ung, Ma Yi, Liu Ch'a, and others gathered about him and were all influenced by him to varying degrees. Although his contributions to Chinese poetry were nearly forgotten in late T'ang times, Ou-yang Hsiu and others renewed interest in his works, and as a result, he was one of the major sources of inspiration for the tremendous creativity of northern Sung poetry. Because of his boldness in writing verse, Han Yü was not always popular with Chinese critics, and he was frequently attacked for the prose-like quality of his poetry and the strangeness of its subject matter. However, many critics approved of his innovations, and we find that most of the adverse criticism comes from highly conservative authors. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

劉健明 = The life and thought of Han Yü / Lau Kin-ming. / Manuscript (c. 2-3 為復印本). / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部. / Manuscript (c. 2-3 wei fu yin ben). / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 697-721). / Liu Jianming = The life and thought of Han Yu / Lau Kin-ming. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan li shi xue bu. / 論文提要 --- p.1 / Chapter 〈一〉 --- 導論 --- p.2 / Chapter 〈二〉 --- 韓愈的早年生活與仕宦 / Chapter 1 --- 韓愈的家庭背景 --- p.9 / 注釋 --- p.19 / Chapter 2 --- 長安應舉與韓愈內心的衝突 --- p.28 / 注釋 --- p.43 / Chapter 3 --- 入仕藩府與思想衝擊 --- p.56 / 注釋 --- p.75 / Chapter 〈三〉 --- 韓愈五原的分析及他對王叔文集團的評價 / Chapter 1 --- 被貶陽山原因考實 --- p.82 / 注釋 --- p.101 / Chapter 2 --- 韓愈五原的分析 --- p.121 / 注釋 --- p.166 / Chapter 3 --- 韓愈對王叔文集團的評價─兼論韓愈對宦官的態度 --- p.210 / 注釋 --- p.243 / Chapter 〈四〉 --- 領導古文運動及其中心思想 / Chapter 1 --- 古文運動之淵源 --- p.279 / 注釋 --- p.299 / Chapter 2 --- 韓愈領導古文運動的理論及其開展 --- p.327 / 注釋 --- p.374 / Chapter 3 --- 韓愈柳宗元思想的比較 --- p.416 / 注釋 --- p.457 / Chapter 〈五〉 --- 韓愈晚年的政治生涯與思想 / Chapter 1 --- 韓愈對藩鎮的態度及從征淮西 --- p.481 / 注釋 --- p.502 / Chapter 2 --- 諫迎佛骨與被貶潮州 --- p.520 / 注釋 --- p.548 / Chapter 3 --- 韓愈晚年心態 --- p.567 / 注釋 --- p.602 / Chapter 〈六〉 --- 結論 --- p.625 / 注釋 --- p.645 / 參考書目 --- p.697

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 24-34). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 韓文繫年 --- p.1-54 / Chapter 第二章 --- 韓文先導 --- p.55-116 / Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.55-62 / Chapter 第二節 --- 蕭穎士 --- p.62-65 / Chapter 第三節 --- 李華 --- p.65-69 / Chapter 第四節 --- 元結 --- p.69-74 / Chapter 第五節 --- 獨孤及 --- p.75-80 / Chapter 第六節 --- 梁肅 --- p.80-87 / Chapter 第七節 --- 栁冕 --- p.87-93 / Chapter 第八節 --- 權德輿 --- p.93-98 / Chapter 第九節 --- 韓會 --- p.98-103 / Chapter 第十節 --- 結論 --- p.103-116 / Chapter 第三章 --- 韓文明道 --- p.117-226 / Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.117-125 / Chapter 第二節 --- 崇儒道 --- p.125-144 / Chapter 第三節 --- 闢佛老 --- p.144-180 / Chapter 第四節 --- 表忠孝 --- p.180-193 / Chapter 第五節 --- 紀政事 --- p.193-202 / Chapter 第六節 --- 達民隱 --- p.203-213 / Chapter 第七節 --- 道人喜 --- p.213-223 / Chapter 第八節 --- 結論 --- p.223-226 / Chapter 第四章 --- 韓文法古 --- p.227-283 / Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.227-232 / Chapter 第二節 --- 法六經 --- p.232-243 / Chapter 第三節 --- 法諸子 --- p.244-250 / Chapter 第四節 --- 法國策 --- p.250-256 / Chapter 第五節 --- 法楚騷 --- p.257-260 / Chapter 第六節 --- 法史遷 --- p.260-269 / Chapter 第七節 --- 法相如子雲 --- p.270-273 / Chapter 第八節 --- 法漢魏六朝 --- p.274-279 / Chapter 第九節 --- 結論 --- p.280-283 / Chapter 第五章 --- 韓文作法 --- p.284-367 / Chapter 第一節 --- 命意 --- p.284-297 / Chapter 第二節 --- 謀論 --- p.298-312 / Chapter 第三節 --- 造句 --- p.313-328 / Chapter 第四節 --- 鍊字 --- p.329-339 / Chapter 第五節 --- 行氣 --- p.339-354 / Chapter 第六節 --- 本色 --- p.354-367 / Chapter 第六章 --- 韓文舉隅 --- p.368-462 / Chapter (一) --- 原道 --- p.368-371 / Chapter (二) --- 原毀 --- p.371-374 / Chapter (三) --- 獲麟解 --- p.374-376 / Chapter (四) --- 爭臣論 --- p.376-379 / Chapter (五) --- 讀荀 --- p.379-382 / Chapter (六) --- 張中丞傳後敘 --- p.382-385 / Chapter (七) --- 論佛骨表 --- p.385-387 / Chapter (八) --- 答崔立之書 --- p.388-390 / Chapter (九) --- 答李翊書 --- p.391-394 / Chapter (十) --- 與李翱書 --- p.394-396 / Chapter (十一) --- 與孟尚書書 --- p.397-400 / Chapter (十二) --- 答呂毉山人書 --- p.400-403 / Chapter (十三) --- 送孟東野序 --- p.403-406 / Chapter (十四) --- 送李愿歸盤谷序 --- p.407-410 / Chapter (十五) --- 送董邵南序 --- p.410-412 / Chapter (十六) --- 送浮屠文暢師序 --- p.412-416 / Chapter (十七) --- 送廖道士序 --- p.416-418 / Chapter (十八) --- 送楊少尹序 --- p.419-421 / Chapter (十九) --- 送鄭尚書序 --- p.421-424 / Chapter (二十) --- 毛穎傳 --- p.424-428 / Chapter (二十一) --- 平淮西碑 --- p.428-432 / Chapter (二十二) --- 南海神廟碑 --- p.433-435 / Chapter (二十三) --- 試大理評事壬君墓誌銘 --- p.435-438 / Chapter (二十四) --- 贈太尉許國公神道碑銘 --- p.438-441 / Chapter (二十五) --- 柳子厚墓誌銘 --- p.442-445 / Chapter (二十六) --- 殿中少監馬君墓誌 --- p.445-448 / Chapter (二十七) --- 畫記 --- p.448-451 / Chapter (二十八) --- 進學解 --- p.451-455 / Chapter (二十九) --- 祭河南張員外文 --- p.455-457 / Chapter (三十) --- 祭十二郎文 --- p.457-463 / Chapter 第七章 --- 韓文褒貶 --- p.463-562 / Chapter 第一節 --- 褒韓之論 --- p.463-488 / Chapter 第二節 --- 貶韓之論 --- p.488-562 / Chapter (一) --- 諛墓辨誣 --- p.490-510 / Chapter (二) --- 論昌黎諸上書 --- p.510-543 / Chapter (三) --- 論潮州謝上表 --- p.543-550 / Chapter 第八章 --- 韓文影響 --- p.563-603 / Chapter 第一節 --- 道統之建立 --- p.563-581 / Chapter 第二節 --- 古文之宗師 --- p.581-603 / 附錄 / Chapter (一) --- 韓愈傳略 --- p.604-616 / Chapter (二) --- 郡籍考實 --- p.617-624 / Chapter (三) --- 陽山貶因 --- p.625-638 / Chapter (四) --- 服丹藥辨 --- p.639-653 / Chapter (五) --- 大顛書考 --- p.654-672

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Manuscript. / Parallel English title found on sheets adhered to cover: A study of the poetical works of Han Yu (768-824 A.D.) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 656-675). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言及綱要 / Chapter 第二章 --- 韓愈以文為詩辯 / Chapter 第三章 --- 韓愈生平及韓愈簡譜 / Chapter 第四章 --- 韓愈之思想 / Chapter 一 --- 儒家傳統思想 / Chapter 甲 --- 道統及仁義 / Chapter 乙 --- 好古與法古 / Chapter 二 --- 排斥佛老 / Chapter 三 --- 達觀之思想與哲理 / Chapter 第五章 --- 韓愈之人格 / Chapter 一 --- 忠君 / Chapter 二 --- 疾惡 / Chapter 三 --- 愛才 / Chapter 第六章 --- 韓詩風格與特色 / Chapter 一 --- 奇橫 / Chapter 二 --- 平淡 / Chapter 三 --- 妥帖排奡 / Chapter 四 --- 綺麗 / Chapter 五 --- 鋪陳夸飾 / Chapter 第七章 --- 韓愈之去陳創新精神 / Chapter 一 --- 新意 / Chapter 二 --- 新句法及新詞句 / Chapter 三 --- 新體感 / Chapter 四 --- 運化典故，生出新意 / Chapter 第八章 --- 韓詩句法 / Chapter 一 --- 長短句 / Chapter 甲 --- 三字句 / Chapter 乙 --- 四字句 / Chapter 丙 --- 六字句 / Chapter 丁 --- 九字句 / Chapter 戊 --- 十字句 / Chapter 己 --- 十一字句 / Chapter 庚 --- 十三字句 / Chapter 二 --- 句脈特殊之詩句 / Chapter 甲 --- 上一下四 / Chapter 乙 --- 上三下四 / Chapter 三 --- 用語助之詩句 / Chapter 四 --- 特別結構之詩句 / Chapter 甲 --- 歇後語 / Chapter 乙 --- 倒裝句 / Chapter 丙 --- 疊用名詞造句 / Chapter 丁 --- 用虛字結句之詩句 / Chapter 五 --- 用口語入詩 / Chapter 六 --- 對句與避對 / Chapter 甲 --- 流水對 / Chapter 乙 --- 扇對 / Chapter 丙 --- 巧對成借對 / Chapter 丁 --- 避對 / Chapter 七 --- 鍊字 / Chapter 第九章 --- 韓詩之聲調與葉韻 / Chapter 第一節 --- 聲調 / Chapter 甲 --- 古體 / Chapter 乙 --- 近體 / Chapter 第二節 --- 葉韻 / Chapter 甲 --- 古韻 / Chapter 一 --- 某一字讀古音以葉韻者 / Chapter 二 --- 通首泛葉古韻者 / Chapter 乙 --- 重韻 / Chapter 丙 --- 同紐字連葉 / Chapter 丁 --- 顛倒連縣字葉韻、 / Chapter 戊 --- 獨葉本韻與旁通他韻 / Chapter 一 --- 獨葉本韻，不旁通他韻（所葉者多為狹韻） / Chapter 二 --- 豪通數韻 / Chapter 己 --- 韓詩葉韻之妙法 / Chapter 一 --- 以形容詞（尤其是連緜詞）帶實物 / Chapter 二 --- 以一典故代一名詞 / Chapter 三 --- 顛倒造句，以虛字或動詞置於句末 / Chapter 四 --- 用歇下語 / Chapter 五 --- 自鑄瑋詞 / Chapter 六 --- 運用譬喻 / Chapter 七 --- 趁韻 / Chapter 八 --- 用生僻之字葉險韻 / Chapter 第十章 --- 韓愈條學本源 / Chapter 一 --- 六經（以詩經為主） / Chapter 二 --- 楚辭 / Chapter 三 --- 漢魏六朝及選詩 / Chapter 四 --- 盛唐 / Chapter 甲 --- 李杜 / Chapter 乙 --- 其他 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 韓詩之影響 / Chapter 第十二章 --- 韓詩之病 / Chapter 一 --- 鄙陋俚俗者 / Chapter 二 --- ℗¡ 句語凡拙者 / Chapter 三 --- ℗¡ 激刺刻露者 / Chapter 四 --- ℗¡ 晦昧費解者 / Chapter 五 --- ℗¡ 謬誤悖理者 / Chapter 六 --- ℗¡ 語意先後矛盾者 / Chapter 七 --- ℗¡ 夸大過情者 / Chapter 八 --- 其他 / Chapter 第十三章 --- 韓愈之生活情趣 / Chapter 一 --- ℗¡ 釣魚 / Chapter 二 --- ℗¡ 賞花 / Chapter 三 --- ℗¡ 飲酒 / Chapter 四 --- 游覽 / Chapter 五 --- 晝睡 / Chapter 六 --- ℗¡ 歌舞 / Chapter 七 --- 賭博 / Chapter 第十四章 --- 韓詩之心理描寫 / Chapter 第十五章 --- 韓愈之寫作理論 / Chapter 第十六章 --- 結論──韓詩總評

Han Yu is famous in Chinese history both for his literature and for his defense of Confucianism at a time when it was being seriously challenged by Buddhism and religious Taoism. Although his influ- ence was limited during his own lifetime, in later times Han Yu came to symbolize the conservative Confucian values that are often identi- fied with the traditional Chinese state. This study examines Han Yu's life and thought in an attempt to determine to what extent his later image as an ideal Confucian was or was not justified. A chapter on the historical background provides the context for Han Yu's biography, which is divided into five chap- ters. This is followed by a chapter discussing the intellectual back- ground of Han Yu's thought. Two further chapters discuss, first, the basis of Han Yu's conservative image, and, second, a number of his writings which illustrate the limits of his conservatism. Han Yu's ideas are related to the political and social circumstan- ces of his times, and it is found that while he is indeed a conservative and a Confucian, the extent of both his conservatism and his Confucian orthodoxy have been exaggerated.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese