京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21967号 / 農博第2357号 / 新制||農||1070(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R1||N5218(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 直, 准教授 小川 雄一, 教授 清水 浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19018号 / 農博第2096号 / 新制||農||1029(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4900(農学部図書室) / 31969 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 近藤 直, 教授 飯田 訓久, 准教授 小川 雄一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The spawning time differs between sympatric ecotypes of lake-dwelling whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) and this temporal divergence can be linked to the type of spawning habitat used (i.e., streams, littoral or profundal). It has been hypothesized that the divergence in spawning time between spawning habitats is due to differences in incubation temperature regimes, and a need to synchronize hatching with the spring zooplankton bloom. An alternative hypothesis is that the hatching time of eggs is controlled by cues such as rising temperatures or increasing day length, and the divergence in spawning time occurs due to later maturation in colder habitats. To test these hypotheses, whitefish eggs were sampled on different spawning grounds and the median hatching time was estimated using logistic regression. Temperature logger data and information based on interviews and earlier studies were used to study accumulation of thermal energy during incubation in the form of degree-days. According to this thesis, the hypothesis that hatching time is dependent on rising temperatures and day length is supported, due to high variation in the amount of accumulated thermal energy, and little variation in hatching time. The egg sampling was not successful on profundal spawning grounds, nor on littoral spawning grounds of old populations, which made the results of this study weaker. Further studies are needed to fully confirm either of these hypotheses regarding spawning time of mature whitefish and hatching time of eggs. Sampling methods need to be advanced in order to enable egg sampling on all types of spawning grounds.

Se basant sur l'analyse de 11 et 8 traits morphométriques caractérisant le corps et le sac vitellin respectivement chez le brochet et la carpe commune, on a pu montrer un effet significatif du moment d'éclosion, variable selon l'espèce. Chez le brochet, les larves à éclosion précoce sont de plus petite taille à l'éclosion et possèdent un plus fort taux de croissance par comparaison aux larves qui éclosent plus tardivement. Chez la carpe commune, la morphométrie à l'éclosion est plus homogène mais le taux de croissance était meilleur chez les larves à éclosion tardive par comparaison aux larves qui ont éclos plus tôt. Ces effets diffèrent selon la stratégie de reproduction de l'espèce et pourraient être liés aux conditions environnementales et trophiques rencontrées pendant la saison de ponte. A l'éclosion, le corps des larves de brochet qui éclosent en premier (ME1) est plus petit (longueur totale: 8,1 mm ME1 vs 9,5mm ME3 ; p <0,05), les tissus sont moins abondants (poids sec 0,25 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,32 mg ind-1 ME3 ; p <0 ,05) moins énergétiques (5,98 J. ind-1 ME1 vs 8,46 J. ind-1 ME3 ; p <0,05) et contiennent moins de protéines (0,17 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,22 mg ind-1 ME3; p <0,05) alors que leur sac vitellin est plus important (poids sec 1,44 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 1,33 mg ind-1 ME3 ; p <0 ,05), plus énergétique (38,55 J. ind-1 ME1 vs 36,29 J. ind-1 ME3 ; p <0,05) et contient plus de protéines (0,98 mg ind-1 ME1 vs 0,90 mg ind-1 ME3; p <0,05) par comparaison aux larves qui éclosent à la fin de la période d'éclosion (ME3) / Based on the analysis of 11 and 8 morphometric variables of body and yolk sac for pike and common carp larvae, we have shown the existence of a significant hatching time effect dependent on the species. For pike, early hatched larvae have a smaller body size at hatch, faster growth rate and higher yolk use efficiency than late hatched ones. In carp, the initial morphometry of larvae at hatch is more homogenous but growth rate was higher in early late hatched larvae compared to larvae hatched earlier. At hatch, the body of early hatched pike larvae was smaller (total length: 8.1 mm HT1 vs 9.5mm HT3 ; p <0.05), their tissues were less abundant (dry weight 0.25 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.32 mg ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) less energetic (5.98 J. ind-1 HT1 vs 8.46 J. ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) with less protein content (0.17 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.22 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0,05) but yolk was more important (dry weight 1.44 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 1.33 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0.05) more energetic (38.55 J. ind-1 HT1 vs 36.29 J. ind-1 HT3 ; p <0.05) with higher protein content (0.98 mg ind-1 HT1 vs 0.90 mg ind-1 HT3; p <0.05) compared to larvae hatched at the end of the hatching period (ME3)