<p> Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships among learning styles, overall GPA, and major in undergraduate students enrolled in professional programs in the department of Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences. Methods: This study compared the learning styles of the students to their overall GPA, using the Computerized Assessment Program- Styles of Learning (CAPSOL&copy;) Form B and self-reported GPA. Results: Participants consisted of 231 Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences undergraduate students. Correlation was found between preferred learning styles and actual overall GPA, major and actual overall GPA, and self-reported GPA and actual overall GPA. Conclusion: Health, Physical Education, and Sport Sciences undergraduate students resulted in preferred learning styles of individual, sequential, and bodily kinesthetic.</p>

<p> Previous research suggests that physical activity may result in to decreases in arterial saturation (SaO2) and cerebral blood flow when exposed to a low oxygen environment between aerobically fit and unfit males. <b>Purpose: </b> The purpose of this study was to determine differences in SaO2, cerebral blood flow, minute ventilation (VE), and blood lactate between fit and unfit young males during exercise in hypoxia compared to normoxia. <b>Methods: </b> Apparently healthy college age males took part in two trials consisting of normobaric normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (12% oxygen). Fit (n = 3; VO_2max = 51.5 ml &bull; kg^-1 &bull; min^-1 &plusmn; 3.1) and Unfit (n = 3; VO_2max = 34.4 ml &bull; kg^-1 &bull; min^-1 &plusmn; 5.6) males cycled at 50% of their altitude adjusted VO_2max (-26% of normoxia VO_2max) for one hour after a two-hour baseline. <b>Results:</b> SaO₂, cerebral blood flow, and RER were significantly decreased during hypoxia in all subjects (P &lt; 0.05), but did not differ between groups. An interaction showed that Fit subjects had a higher SaO₂ during exercise in hypoxia (P &lt; 0.05). V_E and lactate was greater during hypoxia (P &lt; 0.05). The Fit group demonstrated a higher V_E during exercise in hypoxia (P &lt; 0.05). No differences in blood lactate were found between the two groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> The data suggests that when exposed to hypoxia aerobically unfit males may demonstrate decrements in oxygen utilization which may lead to decreases in physical activity and/or performance.</p>

<p> Feedback representing a performer's success for a given response has long been considered a critical factor in motor learning. Numerous studies of learning from augmented feedback have produced ambiguous guidelines for frequency design-some have recommended minimal feedback, whereas others have advocated more extensive feedback. Due to conflicting opinions regarding the frequency of Knowledge of Results, this study aimed to identify how young and old adults retain motor skills when two different frequency schedules of augmented feedback, everytrial and bandwidth are provided in acquisition. The participants performed a ballistic lever movement pattern involving four different target locations in a 1-day retention test. Behavioral outcomes and kinematic movement patterns were analyzed from two groups, young adults (20-30 years) and old adults (above 71 years) from a previously completed experiment. Results revealed that in both the age groups, bandwidth feedback promoted motor learning as compared to every-trial feedback. Further, bandwidth feedback promoted slower movements with longer durations as compared to an every-trial feedback schedule. Additionally, no significant interaction of age with any of the feedback conditions was found, suggesting that the effects of augmented feedback on motor learning are similar in young and old adults. </p>

<p> Although Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell were both avid athletes, research and theory around engaging in sports as a valuable psychological process is quite rare. Athletic experience has hardly been looked at through the lens of the archetypal hero's journey, or the path of the warrior, in spite of the fact that mythology and literature are filled with stories of such characters and they are often the primary subject of contents of dreams, reverie, and active imagination. Given that martial arts is steeped in rich cultural traditions, and intertwined with political history as well as mythology, this lack of study creates a gap in Jungian literature, particularly with regard to the archetypes of initiation and individuation. </p><p> This phenomenological hermeneutic study explores the lives of five Brazilian jiu-jitsu black belt professors. The Literature Review was framed around historical perspectives of Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Jungian psychology and somatics, sports philosophy, phenomenology, and hermeneutics. It provides an in-depth perspective of lived experience of a very popular martial art used for self-defense. Brazilian jiu-jitsu was chosen for a variety of reasons, including the ability to teach highly dangerous techniques to a wide range of participants, and because the rapid growth of jiu-jitsu may indicate places where collective energy is moving. This raises the questions, Why Brazilian jiu-jitsu? Why Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu right now? </p><p> The implications of this study and the qualitative data gleaned from the interviews show that the practice of Brazilian jiu-jitsu can offer a great deal to individuals and communities, and can impact either, depending on intention. The practice, as lived by five interviewees and many other practitioners who were consulted, offers a safe environment for personal transformation, coupled with a spirited playful atmosphere, an emphasis on social values, and teamwork. With these structures in place, Brazilian jiu-jitsu schools frequently become places to improve quality of life and to inadvertently address a wide variety of maladaptive and clinical issues. </p><p> Key Words: martial arts, Jungian psychology, jiu-jitsu, phenomenology, sports, archetypal.</p>

<p> <b>BACKGROUND:</b> There have been numerous studies that compare the relationship of postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, but there is a lack of information as to the dose response nature of isocaloric high-fat meals (HFM). <b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To examine the dose response of lipemia (isocaloric HFM consisting of 25%, 50%, and 75% fat) on plasma triglycerides (TG), oxidative stress, and endothelial function. It was hypothesized that the highest fat load would produce the greatest amount of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction; whereas each lipid load would be significantly higher than the previous. <b>METHODS:</b> Ten young inactive healthy men (22.8 &plusmn; 2.9 yrs) participated in three randomized challenge meals consisting of 25%, 50%, and 75% fat. Endothelial function, as measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood samples were taken at baseline, 2 and 4 hours postprandial. Samples were assayed for blood biomarkers of TG and oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and thiobarbuiuric acid reactive substances (TBARS)). <b>RESULTS:</b> TG were found to be significant with the 50% fat meal compared to the 25% fat meal (p = .001); but not between the other comparisons. Significance was also found for TG between 25% and 50% fat meals at 2 hours postprandial (p = .000) but not for any of the other comparisons. No changes were observed with either measure of oxidative stress. FMDs were found to be significant with the 50% fat meals compared to the 25% fat meal (p = .026), and the 75% fat meals compared to the 25% fat meal (p = .002); but not between the 50% and 75% fat meals (p = .142). Significance was also found for FMDs at 2 hours postprandial between 25% and 75% fat meals (p = .027) and at 4 hours postprandial between 25% and 50% (p = .017) and 25% and 75% fat meals (p = .013). <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> Thus, it appears young healthy inactive men do not exhibit a dose response in lipemia following an isocaloric HFM consisting of 25%, 50%, and 75% fat. Interpretation of the oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction results are more difficult to interpret without a dose response in lipemia. However, other measures of oxidative stress should be considered before strong conclusions can be drawn.</p>

The objective of this feasibility study was to determine for the elderly at-risk for falls the effects of a 10-week program in Argentine Tango dancing or Walking on cognition. Thirty healthy community dwelling seniors (60+) were recruited to take part in the study. They were evaluated at baseline, post-intervention and follow-up on divided attention (Walking-While-Talking) and working memory tasks. It was found that Tango dancing significantly improved divided attention capabilities while the Walk program significantly improved working memory. These findings need to be replicated with a larger number of subjects.

With dramatic increases in obesity in North America and declining levels of physical activity (PA), identification of the determinants of PA in children that are amenable to improvement, is a public health priority. / The purpose of this thesis is fourfold: to identify factors that predict decline in PA among school children; to investigate if selected (school-level) opportunities for PA at school are associated with overall (student-level) PA behaviour; to describe school-based opportunities for PA; and finally, to identify environmental correlates of 'high opportunity' schools. / Not participating in school-based team sports predicted decline to an inactive status after one year in boys and after two years in girls. Other one-year predictors of decline among boys included moderate (Vs high) baseline PA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 3.05, low self-efficacy (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.71)), born outside Canada (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.46) and Asian origin (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 0.93, 3.55) in boys and moderate PA (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.32), low self-efficacy (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.49), watching ≥4 TV programs per day (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.97, 2.02), mother unemployed (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.23), and grade 5 (Vs. grade 4) (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.93) in girls. Two-year predictors included moderate baseline PA (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 0.84, 7.53, and born outside Canada (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 0.91, 4.20) in boys and moderate baseline PA (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.01, 7.49), watching 4 or more TV programs per day (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.99, 3.74), and born outside Canada (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.96, 3.55) in girls. In the second analysis, 8% of the variance in children's PA behaviour was at the between-school level. MLM analyses did not identify significant main effects of either 'high PE' or 'sports playing fields' for physical activity outcomes. However, significant cross-level interactions were identified, such that overweight boys who attended high PE schools and/or schools equipped with sports playing fields reported higher levels of PA and were less likely to be inactive than overweight boys attending schools that did not offer these opportunities. In the third analysis, there was substantial variation in PA opportunities between schools. Higher opportunity for PA at school was associated with role modeling of PA by school principals (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.46); high interest in links to the municipality (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.18, 3,21); fewer barriers related to cost and human r / These findings illustrate the central role of the school environment in influencing children's activity levels, and provide direction to program and policy makers interested in enhancing opportunities for PA available to children at school, and in helping children maintain active lifestyles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 2005. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-07, Section: B, page: 3936. Adviser: Amy Wisniewski.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4424. Adviser: Youngkhill Lee. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 21, 2008).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: B, page: 7293. Adviser: Karl Rosengren. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-119) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.