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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

The role of Site-1 protease in cartilage development /

Ho, Yuen Yee, 1979- January 2006 (has links)
During development cartilage originates as condensations of primordial mesenchymal cells which go through a strict program whereby these cells differentiate into chondrocytes, undergo hypertrophy, and are subsequently replaced by osteoblasts. A zebrafish mutant termed gonzo has been isolated which displays a phenotype similar to human chondrodysplasias. Recently it was shown that this phenotype is due to a mutation in the zebrafish equivalent of a mammalian serine protease termed SKI-1 or Site-1 protease (S-1P). This enzyme is a member of the prohormone convertase family of subtilisin-like proteases which are known to play a critical role in controlling the processing of sterol regulatory element binding proteins and in the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The goal of this research project is to explore the expression and the function of S-1P in chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. / In this study, the chondrogenic mouse cell line ATDC5 which recapitulates the steps of cartilage development when cultured in the presence of insulin was used. Result showed that 10 mug/mL of insulin is the optimum concentration to be used to induce chondrogenesis in ATDC5 cells. This was shown by Alcian Blue staining and glycosaminoglycan quantification, where cells induced by 10 mug/mL of insulin produced highest amount of glycosaminoglycan. Using RT-PCR, it was shown that S-1P is constitutively expressed in ATDC5 cells both induced and non-induced with insulin. S-1P was also shown to be expressed in ATDC5 cells induced by ascorbic acid and a combination of ascorbic acid and insulin. Using Real Time-PCR, the expression levels of S-1P in the presence of insulin, ascorbic acid and the combination of both differentiation inducers was determined. The expression levels of type I collagen (early-phase chondrocyte differentiation expressing gene), type II collagen and aggrecan (mature chondrocyte matrix genes) and type X collagen (hypertrophic chondrocyte matrix gene) were also analyzed. / The effect of the inhibition of S-1P on the expression levels of cartilage related components was studied by inhibiting S-1P using an R134E prosegment mutant (pro-SKI-1), which has been shown a potent cellular inhibitor of S-1P. The DNA of the pro SKI-1 variant was subcloned into pIRES-EGFP (provided by Dr. Nabil Seidah) and transfected into ATDC 5 cells. Stably transfected cells were selected and the expression of S-1P and other cartilage components were quantitatively evaluated by studying the transfected cells using Real Time-PCR. Functional inhibition of S-1P was confirmed using an artificial substrate reporter construct adapted for specific cleavage by this protease. / Overall the results showed that inhibition of S-1P activity had drastic effects in chondrogenesis---the expression of cartilage components (Aggrecan, Collagen I, Collagen II and Collagen X) were significantly lowered. Inhibition of S-1P seemed to prevent the chondrogenesis process in ATDC 5 cells.
222

Pharmacological induction of Islet Neogenesis and subsequent beta-cell mass expansion

Lipsett, Mark Andrew. January 2006 (has links)
Current therapies for diabetes mellitus are insufficient to prevent the devastating complications associated with this disease. A novel approach for the treatment of diabetes is the restoration of an insulin-producing beta-cell mass through the stimulation of endogenous progenitor cells. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to determine if pharmacological initiation of islet neogenesis and subsequent beta-cell mass expansion will lead to the reversal of hyperglycaemia in a response that is under homeostatic regulation and has efficacy in humans. / A pentadecapeptide fragment of Islet Neogenesis Associated Protein (INGAP 104-108), was administered to normoglycaemic hamsters and was found to result in an expanded beta-cell mass as measured by immunohistochemical morphometric analysis. This expansion was shown to occur through the transformation of duct- and acinar-associated progenitors. In order to determine if this therapeutic approach would be effective in mammals other than hamsters, INGAP 104-108 was administered to normoglycaemic mice, dogs and monkeys, hyperglycaemic mice, and to human pancreatic tissue cultures. / INGAP104-108 administration led to a dose-dependent increase of beta-cell mass in mice, with similar trends observed in dogs. Similarly, administration of INGAP104-108 to normoglycaemic monkeys for 90 days resulted in profound areas of islet neogenesis. Administration of INGAP104-108 to diabetic mice resulted in restoration of euglycaemia and a dramatic increase in beta-cell mass. Furthermore, INGAP104-108 administration to cultured human acinar tissue, led to the formation of insulin-producing islet-like structures. These results suggest that INGAP 104-108 therapy has the ability to reverse a diabetic state and could be effective in humans. However, it was necessary to determine whether the continual stimulation of islet neogenesis through INGAP 104-108 administration is a safe therapeutic approach. / The beta-cell mass dynamics of euglycaemic mice administered INGAP 104-108 at various doses for 31 or 90 days were determined. beta-cell mass was greatly increased at 31 days of therapy, though by 90 days of therapy there was no difference in total beta cell mass between all treatment groups. However, there were marked instances of islet neogenesis in mice treated with INGAP104-108 for 90 days. This elevation in islet neogenesis was tempered by decreased beta-cell replication and increased beta-cell apoptosis, resulting in no overall difference in total beta-cell mass. These results suggest that inherent homeostatic regulation persisted to maintain a net beta-cell mass that matched the physiological need, even in the setting of continual induction of islet neogenesis. / INGAP104-108 therapy has been shown to expand the insulin-producing beta-cell mass in a safe homeostatic manner and reverse diabetic hyperglycaemia. These findings suggest that a novel pharmacological agent for the successful stimulation of beta-cell mass expansion is within reach, enabling new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes.
223

Delivery of marrow stromal cells for angiogenesis : therapeutic implications

Alsabti, Hilal. January 2005 (has links)
There is tremendous enthusiasm for the utilization of angiogenesis as a therapeutic modality for atherosclerotic arterial disease. Augmentation of physiological neo-vascularization in cardiovascular disease can be achieved through different pathways. Marrow stromal cells may serve as an ideal cellular vehicle for the in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins or production of these proteins by the cells themselves. The use of autologous marrow stromal cells is highly desirable since marrow stromal cells are abundant and available in all human of all ages and they are easy to harvest and reimplant without the fear of rejection. Our primary data showed that marrow stromal cells injected locally into ischemic animals promote angiogenesis. Exploring various routes of delivery is important for developing these cells as a novel therapeutic tool for treatment. We found that injecting these cells intravenously in high doses has a beneficial effect in restoring blood flow into the ischemic area in the ischemic hind limb animal model. Implantation of these cells into distant organs did not show any local or remote effects.
224

Morphologic and molecular investigation of pulmonary branching in the Nitrofen-rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with or without tracheal occlusion

Baird, Robert, 1976- January 2006 (has links)
Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) has been investigated as a treatment option for lung hypoplasia secondary to Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). While it has been shown to promote larger lungs, it is unclear whether TO stimulates mature lung growth or simply induces alveolarization without concomitant bronchial development, a distinction with important clinical implications. We employed the Nitrofen rat model of CDH to investigate the effect of TO on fetal lung branching through morphometric examination, lung casting, lung histology and comparison of two molecular markers involved in lung growth. Nitrofen administration retarded lung growth through decreased lung branching and delayed molecular marker expression profiles. TO did not promote lung branching as manifest by unchanged gross branching, although TO and the stress of in utero surgery may induce late lung maturation.
225

The effects of pneumoperitoneum and fluid administration on renal perfusion /

Demyttenaere, Sebastian. January 2006 (has links)
Minimally invasive surgeons are performing increasingly complex and time-consuming procedures on increasingly frail patients. Understanding the complex physiologic consequences of pneumoperitoneum is therefore of critical importance. This is especially true in the field of live laparoscopic donor nephrectomy where a thorough understanding of the effects of pneumoperitoneum on renal perfusion and function is mandated. A systematic review of the literature is undertaken and reveals that both renal perfusion and function are decreased during pneumoperitoneum. Next, a porcine model is established and used to compare the effects of aggressive fluid hydration (28cc/kg/h) versus maintenance fluid hydration (5cc/kg/h). We demonstrate that renal perfusion is preserved with aggressive fluid hydration. Finally, a noninvasive fluid administration algorithm based on esophageal Doppler stroke volume measurements is assessed. Using this technique, renal perfusion is preserved during pneumoperitoneum, using less fluid (10cc/kg/h) than a bolus group (25cc/kg/h). Fluid administration via the esophageal Doppler is a noninvasive way to target individual hemodynamics to maintain renal perfusion during pneumoperitoneum.
226

Bioresorbable inorganic setting systems for bone repair

Flynn, Andrew January 2011 (has links)
Calcium phosphate-based materials have become the first choice for surgeons when they look for a synthetic material for the repair and augmentation of bone. Numerous studies and commercial use over the last three decades have made these materials popular options. These materials are not without their negative aspects, and properties such as poor in vivo resorption and low setting pH are well documented. Magnesium phosphates represent a poorly investigated group of materials with chemical structures similar to those of the calcium phosphates.In this thesis we investigate magnesium phosphates for use as inorganic materials for bone repair. We demonstrated that heat-treatment of magnesium phosphate created a cement reactant, which upon mixing with citric acid or sodium phosphate solutions set to form a cement. Investigation into alternate applications for the cement showed the cement could be dip-coated onto titanium rods. The dip coating formulations were also tested for their ability to release bioactive compounds, showing a relationship between initial burst and sustained release with powder-to-liquid ratio. In vitro testing of the cement showed good biocompatibility with osteoblast-like cells, inducing the expression of osteoblast markers. Preliminary in vivo data showed good material resorption and osteoconduction compared to brushite by four weeks time.Our results demonstrate that magnesium phosphate can be used in bone repair applications. Further study and development may lead to them becoming a viable alternative to calcium phosphates. / Les matériaux à base de phosphate de calcium sont devenus le premier choix pour les chirurgiens quand ils choisissent un matériau synthétique pour la réparation et l'augmentation osseuse. De nombreuses études et d'utilisation commerciale au cours des trois dernières décennies ont fait de ces matériaux une option populaire. Ces matériaux ne sont pas sans désavantages, et les propriétés telles que une résorption lente in vivo et une faible mise en pH sont bien documentés. Les phosphates de magnésium représente un groupe de matériaux peu étudié avec des structures chimiques similaires à celles des phosphates de calcium. Dans cette thèse, nous avons examine les phosphates de magnésium pour l'utilisation en taut que matériaux inorganiques pour la réparation osseuse. Nous avons démontré que le traitement thermique du phosphate de magnésium crée un réactif de ciment, qui apres mélange avec de l'acide citrique ou de solutions de phosphate de sodium forment un ciment. Enquête sur les demandes de remplacement pour le ciment ont démontré que le ciment pourrait être enduit (revêti) sur des tiges de titane. Les formulations de revêtement ont également été testés pour leur capacité à libérer des composés bioactifs, démontrant une relation entre l'éclatement initial et à la libération prolongée avec un rapport poudre-liquide. Des essais in vitro ont démontré que ce ciment a une bonne biocompatibilité avec des cellules ostéoblastiques, ce qui induit l'expression des marqueurs ostéoblastiques. Les données préliminaires in vivo ont montré une bonne résorption du matériel et une ostéoconduction comparable par rapport à brushite par quatre semaines. Nos résultats démontrent que le phosphate de magnésium peut être utilisé dans des applications de réparation osseuse. Une étude plus poussée et le développement de ce matériau pourra le conduire à une alternative viable aux phosphates de calcium.
227

Expression of PCSK9 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Bhat, Mamatha January 2012 (has links)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an often fatal condition due to late diagnosis, resistance to existing anticancer agents, as well as underlying liver disease that can limit the use of hepatotoxic chemotherapy. Proprotein convertases (PCs) are serine proteases that convert a variety of growth factors, cell surface glycoproteins, receptors and metalloproteinases into their active forms, thus regulating the biological activity of these proteins. PCs have been found to be upregulated in various malignancies. Growth factors implicated in HCC, such as IGF-1, HGF, VEGF and PDGF, have all been shown to be converted into their active forms by PCs. In this study, I explored the hypothesis that expression of proprotein convertases, specifically PCSK9, furin and PC5, is elevated in HCC. This was evaluated through construction of a Tissue Microarray and staining for these proteins. We found that PCSK9 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tumours associated with poorer survival. PCSK9 is upregulated in the context of liver regeneration and has been involved in cholesterol metabolism, with development of monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9 to treat hypercholesterolemia. Its altered expression in aggressive HCC tumours potentially indicates that HCC is able to modulate its local microenvironment to enable a constant energy supply. There has recently been a move in oncology research to study suppression of suppress tumour growth by modifying energy supply and metabolism (for eg, metformin in prostate and breast cancer). Further confirmation at the mRNA level is required to confirm the altered expression of PCSK9, however this appears to be a promising finding and potential chemotherapeutic target. / Contexte et hypothèses: Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) est le 5e cancer le plus courant dans le monde entier et la 3ème cause de décès par cancer dans le monde entier, avec une survie médiane à 5 ans de 8,9%. La reconnaissance tardive en raison du manque de biomarqueurs pour détecter la maladie résécable, une résistance aux agents anticancéreux, ainsi qu'une maladie du foie sous-jacente limitant l'utilisation de chimiothérapie hépatotoxique sont des facteurs qui diminuent le taux de survie. Les proprotéines convertases (PCs) sont des sérine-protéases qui convertissent une variété de facteurs de croissance, glycoprotéines de surface cellulaire, les récepteurs, et les métalloprotéinases à leurs formes actives, contrôlant ainsi l'activité biologique de ces protéines. On a démontré l'expression augmentée de PCs dans de diverses tumeurs malignes. On a prouvé que les facteurs de croissance impliqués dans le CHC, tels que l'IGF-1, HGF, VEGF et PDGF, sont convertis à leurs forme actives par les PC. Notre hypothèse est que l'expression de proprotéines convertases est élevée dans le CHC, permettant l'activation de différentes protéines essentielles dans le développement et la progression du CHC. L'objectif de recherche était d'évaluer l'expression des PCs PCSK9, furine et PC5 dans le CHC par rapport aux stroma environnant, zones péri-cirrhotiques, et foie normal afin de déterminer si un gradient d'expression existe. PCSK9 en particulier est connu comme étant plus exprimé chez le foie régénérateur post-hepatectomie. Les diapositives de pathologie de CHC stockés dans le département de pathologie du CUSM ont été examinés par une pathologiste, et les zones appropriées (tumeur de CHC, interface de tumeur et du foie, le foie cirrhotique, et d'autres échantillons d'hépatite et de foie normal) dans les blocs de tissu correspondants ont été creusés et ont été incorporées dans un microarray de tissu (TMA). Des lignes cellulaires de CHC etablies, dont le HepG2 et le Huh7, avec des profils d'expression de PC connus, ont été incorporées sous forme de pastilles de cellules dans la TMA, afin de servir de témoins positifs et négatifs. La TMA a été sectionnée en diapositives, qui ont été colorées avec des anticorps de la PCSK9, furine et PC5. On a découvert que le niveau d'expression de PCSK9 était diminuée dans les CHC avec un pire prognostique. L'expression augmentée de PCSK9 dans les CHC plus aggressifs pourrait indiquer un rôle du PCSK9 dans la tumorigenèse, directement ou indirectement. Il se peut que les CHCs plus aggressifs sont capables de modifier l'environnement local pour apprivoiser l'énergie métabolique, et que le PCSK9 permet que le cholestérol soit utilisé comme source d'énergie. La confirmation de son importance fonctionnelle avec mRNA pourrait potentiellement mener au développement de chimiothérapie ciblée avec des anticorps contre le PCSK9 (stratégie en étude pour l'hypercholestérolémie). Compte tenu des options chimiothérapeutiques actuellement limitées pour le CHC, une telle constatation pourrait améliorer la prise en charge clinique du CHC.
228

Measuring the effect of an auditory cognitive distraction on technical and cognitive performance during a simulated laparoscopic procedure

Thakkar, Vidhi January 2012 (has links)
Physical and computer-based simulators are used to help residents and medical students practise various surgical techniques. Within the operating room, auditory cognitive distractions often occur. Currently, limited studies examine the effect of increasing task complexity and multi-tasking on expert and novice performance in the operating room. We studied how training on a surgical simulator leads to the development of automaticity. With the LapSim computer simulator, the effect of a secondary dual task on performance of laparoscopic skills tasks was examined. We increased the level of surgical task difficulty to amplify any effects of distraction on performance and to see whether participants could dual-task. A cohort study of 24 participants (undergraduate medical students and expert staff) completed the technical task of cutting a blood vessel on the LapSim at baseline. Participants were then asked only math questions (cognitive task). In the evaluation phase, participants completed both the technical task on the simulator and the cognitive task of answering math questions. We found that expert surgeons were able to dual task at both easy and medium levels of difficulty. This study adds to the growing literature of how dual-tasking and automaticity are achieved as residents learn surgical tasks. / Les simulateurs physiques et informatiques sont fréquemment utilisés pour aider les résidents et étudiants en médecine à pratiquer les techniques chirurgicales. Dans la salle d'opération, il y a souvent des distractions auditives. Actuellement, il y a peu d'études qui examinent l'effet de la complexité des tâches et la capacité de faire plusieurs choses à la fois sur la performance des chirurgiens experts et des novices dans la salle d'opération. Nous avons étudié comment l'entrainement à l'aide d'un simulateur chirurgical peut aider à développer l'automaticité. Avec le simulateur informatique LapSim, nous avons examiné l'effet d'une tâche supplémentaire sur l'exécution de tâches laparoscopiques. Nous avons augmenté le niveau de difficulté de la tâche chirurgicale pour amplifier tout effet de la distraction sur la performance et pour déterminer si les participants pouvaient réaliser deux choses simultanément. Une étude de cohorte de 24 participants (étudiants en médecine et chirurgiens experts) ont complété la tâche technique de couper un vaisseau sanguin sur la LapSim au début. Ensuite, on a posé des questions mathématiques aux participants (tâche cognitive). Durant la phase d'évaluation, les participants ont complété la tâche technique sur le simulateur et la tâche cognitive en même temps. Cette étude s'ajoute à un nombre croissant d'expertises concernant la capacité qu'ont les chirurgiens résidents d'effectuer plusieurs tâches simultanément et de manière automatique lors de procédures chirurgicales.
229

Anti-inflammatory therapy with high dose insulin in brain dead organ donors

Aljiffry, Murad Mustafa January 2012 (has links)
Brain death is considered a major stress on the body that is associated with a massive inflammatory response or what is known as the "cytokine storm", which is characterized by the exaggerated release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This heightened inflammatory response in brain dead organ donors leads to major disturbances in glucose homeostasis resulting in insulin resistance and systemic hyperglycemia. Acute hyperglycemia is intimately related to the inflammatory response and marks an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Severe inflammation in brain dead donors can also lead to increased graft immunogenicity before transplantation and increased risk of graft dysfunction following transplantation. In addition, to the maintenance of normoglycemia Insulin therapy has expressed anti-inflammatory effects in clinical and experimental studies. The rational of this project was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of high dose insulin therapy on brain dead organ donors and if this therapy is successful in maintaining normoglycemia in these donors. The anti-inflammatory effect was measured by comparing the change in the levels of serum cytokines in these donors. Insulin therapy was delivered using the hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp (HNC) technique. The study was carried out in the context of a prospective pilot trial registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01304290). Fifteen brain dead organ donors were recruited including 6 donors were given the HNC protocol "experimental group" and 9 donors received routine management "control group". The insulin therapy was provided for a minimum of 6 hours and continued until the organ retrieval procedure. The donors were assigned to either experimental or control groups based on the location of the donation procedure. Blood samples were taken from all patients at various time points. The samples were analyzed to identify the levels of several predetermined inflammatory cytokines. Comparison of the changes in these levels with therapy in both groups was performed. High dose insulin therapy in the form of HNC was successful in maintaining normoglycemia in the brain dead organ donors, without severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect was clearly demonstrated in the experimental group as expressed by the decreased levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to the control group following treatment. Future studies with a focus on the effect of such therapy on the transplanted organs and patients are warranted. / L'état de mort cérébrale est considéré comme un stress majeur pour l'organisme qui est associé à une réaction inflammatoire massive, que l'on appelle la « tempête de cytokine », caractérisée par la libération excessive de cytokines pro inflammatoires. Cette réaction inflammatoire aiguë chez les donneurs d'organe en état de mort cérébrale est à l'origine de perturbations majeures de l'homéostasie du glucose qui provoquent l'insulinorésistance et l'hyperglycémie systémique. L'hyperglycémie aiguë est étroitement liée à la réaction inflammatoire et se traduit par un risque accru de morbidité et de mortalité. Une inflammation sévère chez les donneurs en état de mort cérébrale peut également augmenter l'immunogénicité du greffon avant la transplantation et le risque de dysfonctionnement de ce dernier à l'issue de la transplantation. Outre qu'elle permet de maintenir la normoglycémie, l'insulinothérapie a des effets anti inflammatoires selon des études cliniques ou expérimentales. L'objectif du présent projet était d'étudier les propriétés anti-inflammatoires de l'insuline administrée à fortes doses à des donneurs en état de mort cérébrale et d'établir si cette thérapie permet de maintenir la normoglycémie chez ces donneurs. L'effet anti-inflammatoire a été mesuré en comparant les fluctuations des niveaux de cytokines sériques chez ces donneurs. L'insulinothérapie a été administrée à l'aide de la pince hyperinsulinémique normoglycémique (PHN). L'étude a été effectuée dans le contexte d'un essai pilote prospectif inscrit sur le site clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01304290). Quinze donneurs en état de mort cérébrale y ont pris part, dont six ont fait partie du « groupe expérimental » qui a suivi le protocole PHN et neuf du « groupe de contrôle ». L'administration d'insuline a duré au moins six heures et s'est poursuivie jusqu'au moment du prélèvement d'organe. La répartition des donneurs dans le groupe expérimental ou le groupe de contrôle était fondée sur le lieu de la procédure de don. Des échantillons de sang ont été prélevés chez tous les patients à différents moments. Ces échantillons ont été analysés afin de mesurer les niveaux de plusieurs cytokines inflammatoires prédéterminées. Des comparaisons ont été établies entre les fluctuations de ces niveaux et l'administration de la thérapie chez les patients des deux groupes. L'insulinothérapie à forte dose à l'aide de la PHN a permis de maintenir la normoglycémie chez les donneurs d'organe en état de mort cérébrale sans provoquer d'hypoglycémie sévère. Qui plus est, à l'issue du traitement, l'effet anti inflammatoire a été clairement démontré dans le groupe expérimental, comme en témoignent les niveaux réduits de plusieurs cytokines pro inflammatoires, comparativement au groupe de contrôle. Des études ultérieures s'imposent qui porteraient essentiellement sur l'effet de cette thérapie sur les organes transplantés et les patients.
230

Toward excellence as the standard for medical practice variation in documentation and surgeons' opinion in the breast clinic

Ghaderi, Iman January 2004 (has links)
Recently, there has been a growing movement toward an Electronic Health Record (EHR) to improve quality of care. The paper-based medical record is still the primary source of information in today’s medical practice. In order to design the EHR, knowledge with regard to the current medium of documentation is required. In the MUHC Cedars Breast Clinic, 112 medical records for 7 surgeons were audited to determine what was recorded in the initial visits between year 2002 and 2003. A Likert scale questionnaire was developed and included 46 questions derived from the chart review. It was introduced to assess their opinions on important variables in managing breast patients. The correlation between the medical records and surgeons’ opinions was then sought. The majority of data points had a low rate of documentation with wide variation; breast cancer risk factors were recorded in less than one third of charts. Family history and physical examinations had relatively high rates of documentation. The survey showed a considerable variation among surgeons’ opinions. Surgeons reported that they addressed 63% of all data points (29 of 46 questions) very often/always. There was weak correlation between what each surgeon records and what he/she thinks is important. / Récemment, il y a eu un mouvement grandissant vers le dossier électronique de santé (EHR) pour améliorer la qualité du soin. Le dossier médical sur papier est toujours la source primaire d'information dans la pratique en matière, aujourd'hui. Afin de concevoir EHR, la connaissance en ce qui concerne le milieu courant de la documentation est exigée. Dans la Clinique du sein de l'Institut des cèdres du CUSM, 112 disques médicaux pour 7 chirurgiens ont été apurés pour déterminer ce qui est enregistré dans les visites initiales en l'année 2002 et l'année 2003. Un questionnaire de balance de Likert comprenant 46 questions dérivées des dossiers a été présenté pour évaluer leur avis sur des variables importantes dans les patients de gestion de sein. La corrélation entre ces deux a été cherchée. La majorité de points de repères a eu un bas taux de documentation avec une grande variation; des facteurs de risque de cancer de sein ont été enregistrés dans moins d'un tiers de dossiers. Les antécédents familiaux et les examens physiques ont eu des taux relativement élevés de documentation. L'aperçu a montré une variation considérable parmi l'opinion des chirurgiens. Les chirurgiens ont rapporté qu'ils ont adressé 63% de points de repères (29 de 46 questions) très souvent/toujours. Il y avait corrélation faible entre ce que chaque chirurgien enregistre et quel il/elle pense est important. fr

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