La rénovation de la voie professionnelle en 2009 a abouti à la mise en place du baccalauréat professionnel en trois années de formation après la classe de troisième. Les enjeux sociaux et politiques affichés par le ministère s’articulent autour d’un objectif d’élévation des niveaux de qualification pour favoriser l’employabilité des jeunes. Nous avons contextualisé la mise en place de cette politique dans un secteur de formation particulier, le secteur sanitaire et social. Nous étudions à partir d'écrits scolaires et institutionnels et d'entretiens d'élèves le lien entre, d’une part, les enjeux politiques et économiques nationaux présidant à l’élaboration des diplômes, et, d’autre part, la façon dont les enseignants et acteurs de la formation investissent le nouveau référentiel et ses incidences sur le rapport au curriculum et la construction professionnelle des élèves. / The renovation of the vocational education and training (VET) in 2009 led to the introduction of the vocational baccalaureate in three years of training. The social and political issues raised by the ministry revolve around a goal of raising the levels of qualification to promote the employability of young people. We have contextualized the implementation of this policy in a particular training sector, the health and social sector. We study from academic and institutional writings and student interviews the link between, on the one hand, the national political and economic issues governing the development of diplomas, and, on the other hand, the way in which teachers and VET actors invest in the new curriculum and its impact on the relationship to the curriculum and the professional construction of students.

The thesis deals with the issue of cooperation between the health care and social care sectors in the framework of care for the elderly in the home environment. It focuses more closely on the case of the city of Prague. The aim of the thesis is to examine the current state of cooperation of the health care and social care sector in the city of Prague in the field of care for the elderly and to identify the impact of government decisions as well as decisions of individual city districts of Prague on the work of field workers. Attention is paid to the needs of field workers and to specific barriers that they have themselves identified and which, according to the workers, make it impossible to set up a functional cooperation system. On the basis of an analysis of national level documents, documents issued by the capital city of Prague or specific districts, good practice from European Union countries (namely Sweden, the Netherlands and Belgium) a set appropriate ways of dealing with the issue has been proposed.