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A incorpora??o da sa?de bucal no Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia do Rio Grande do Norte: investigando a possibilidade de convers?o do modelo assistencialSouza, Tatyana Maria Silva de 09 February 2005 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2005-02-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Health Family Program (HFP) was founded in the 1990s with the objective of changing the health care model through a restructuring of primary care. Oral health was officially incorporated into HFP mainly through the efforts of dental professionals, and was seen as a way to break from oral health care models based on curative, technical biological and inequity methods. Despite the fast expansion of HFP oral health teams, it is essential to ask if changes are really occurring in the oral health model of municipalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the incorporation of oral health teams into the Health Family Program by analyzing the factors that may interfere positively or negatively in the implementation of this strategy and consequently in the process of changing oral health care models in the National Health System in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This evaluation involves three dimensions: access, work organization and strategies of planning. For this purpose,19 municipalities, geographically distributed according to Regional Public Health Units (RPHU), were randomly selected. The data collection instruments used were: structured interview of supervisors and dentists, structured observation, documental research and data from national health data banks. It was possible to identify critical points that may be impeding the implementation of oral health into HFP, such as, low incomes, no legal employment contract, difficulty in referring patients for high-complexity procedures, in developing intersectoral actions and program strategies such as epidemiologic diagnosis and evaluation of the new actions. The majority of municipalities showed little or no improvement in oral health care after incorporating the new model into HFP. All of them had failures in most of the aspects mentioned above. Furthermore, these municipalities are similar in other areas, such as low educational levels in children from 7 to 14 years of age, high child mortality rates and wide social inequalities. On the other hand, the five municipalities that had improved oral health, according to the categories analyzed, offered better living conditions to the population, with higher life expectancy, low infant mortality rates, per capita income among the highest in the state as well as high Human Development Index (HDI) means. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that public policies that include aspects beyond the health sector are decisive for a real change in health care models / O Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia (PSF) surgiu na d?cada de 1990, como uma proposta de mudan?a do modelo assistencial a partir de uma reorganiza??o da Aten??o B?sica, atrav?s da vigil?ncia ? sa?de. Entendendo a sa?de bucal como integrante desse processo, a sua incorpora??o oficial no PSF, fruto principalmente de uma luta corporativa, tem sido vista como possibilidade de romper com os modelos assistenciais em sa?de bucal baseados no curativismo, tecnicismo, biologicismo e excludentes. Apesar da r?pida expans?o das Equipes de sa?de bucal no PSF, ? preciso questionar se realmente est? ocorrendo mudan?as no modelo assistencial em sa?de bucal dos munic?pios. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a incorpora??o da Sa?de Bucal no Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia a partir da an?lise de fatores que possam interferir positiva ou negativamente, na implementa??o dessa estrat?gia e, conseq?entemente no processo de mudan?a nos modelos assistenciais de sa?de bucal no Sistema ?nico de Sa?de no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Esta avalia??o tomou como refer?ncia tr?s dimens?es as quais foram, o acesso, a organiza??o do trabalho e as estrat?gias de programa??o. Para isto, foram sorteados 19 munic?pios no estado, distribu?dos geograficamente pelas Unidades Regionais de Sa?de P?blica (URSAPs). Os instrumentos de coleta foram a entrevista estruturada aplicada a gestores e dentistas; a observa??o estruturada; a pesquisa documental e os dados do Sistema de Informa??o em Sa?de dos munic?pios. Foi poss?vel identificar pontos cr?ticos, que podem estar dificultando a implementa??o da sa?de bucal no PSF, os quais foram as prec?rias rela??es de trabalho, as dificuldades no referenciamento dos pacientes para a??es de m?dia e alta complexidade, no desenvolvimento de a??es intersetoriais e nas estrat?gias de programa??o como diagn?stico epidemiol?gico e avalia??o das a??es. A maioria dos munic?pios apresentou pouco ou nenhum avan?o no modelo assistencial em sa?de bucal, ap?s a incorpora??o da mesma no PSF, demonstrando falhas na maior parte dos aspectos relacionados acima. Al?m disso, s?o munic?pios, que apresentam caracter?sticas semelhantes em outros aspectos, como altas taxas de analfabetismo em crian?as de 7 a 14 anos, altas taxas de mortalidade infantil e grandes desigualdades sociais. Por outro lado, os cinco munic?pios que demontraram avan?os na sa?de bucal, de acordo com as categorias analisadas, apresentaram caracter?sticas de melhores condi??es de vida da popula??o, como alta expectativa de vida ao nascer, baixas taxas de mortalidade infantil, valores per capita entre os mais altos do estado, bem como, altos valores de IDH-M. Portanto, ? poss?vel concluir que as pol?ticas p?blicas mais amplas, que contemplem aspectos situados al?m do setor sa?de, s?o decisivas para uma real mudan?a nos modelos assistenciais em sa?de
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