<p> The purpose of this proposal was to identify the need and write a grant to fund a mental health school based program for adolescents that have a variety of mental health concerns using cognitive behavior therapy techniques. The sponsoring school for the grant proposal was Gladstone High School in Azusa, California. If funded, the school will be able to implement provide mental health services specifically to the students of Gladstone High School. This program that consists of a licensed clinical social worker and 3 master of social work interns will help assess mental health needs of students, provide cognitive behavioral interventions in individual counseling sessions, psychoeducation groups for students, mental health trainings for students, teachers, and families, and meeting with students/families to track their progress.</p>

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1949.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1949.

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Also available in print.

There is a well-established link between F&V and health, and are an essential part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle. They are rich in essential nutrients that are believed to promote good health, such as vitamins, minerals, fibre, and phytochemicals. Due to the low adherence to F&V recommendation among people across all ages, it is essential to tackle this problem - especially among children. One way to achieve this is to gain a good understanding of the relationship between F&V intake and health parameters; this will help emphasise the importance of consuming the recommend five-a-day for the whole family. In addition, the younger generation should be provided with nutritional education regarding their food choices, including snacks. The investigation in this thesis focuses on children's F&V intake and healthy snack awareness and its relationship with measured health parameters, as currently very little is known about this relationship, particularly among Scottish children. To this end, six studies were conducted and are presented here. The first and second studies examined the relationship between F&V intake and health parameters using a combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional data (n=475 and 466, respectively) from children of primary school age (5 to 12 in Aberdeenshire). Parents completed either a seven-day total food intake questionnaire - dietary record (TFIQ) or a two-day fruit and vegetable questionnaire (FVQ) on behalf of their children. Health parameters (weight, height, body fat, waist/hip circumference, blood pressure and lung function) were measured at their school. Higher F&V intake was correlated with improved health parameters when using the two-day FVQ. These are summarised as follows: lowered systolic blood pressure, some measures of lung function and reduced weight, body fat, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio. Of note, the health parameters did not appear correlated with F&V intake measured using the seven-day TFIQ, with the exception of a negative relationship with blood pressure when using the longitudinal data. F&V intake using two instruments (seven-day TFIQ and two-day FVQ) was compared in the third study within the same individuals (primary school children, n=51). The estimated portions of F&V using the focused (two-day) FVQ was higher than the seven-day TFIQ. It is unclear whether parents tended to overestimate their children's F&V intake using the FVQ or under-estimate it using the TFIQ. These studies led to the fourth study, which focused on identifying biomarkers of F&V intake using the new technique of metabolomics - liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), using urine samples collected from the children. This involved correlating biomarkers in urine with children's F&V intake as measured by the FVQ. Participants included 29 primary age children, recruited as a part of the cross sectional F&V study in Chapter Two. The findings revealed 15 food/F&V biomarkers, excluding food/F&V biomarkers (n=5) that reflected children's dietary behaviour which was identified as a result of the significant correlation with children's F&V intake. The identified biomarkers which were revealed from two different approaches - stepwise regression and literature searching - are as follows: citric acid; benzoic acid; 2-Pyrrolidinone; Glycine; Alanine; N-Nitrosopyrrolidine; Isocitric acid; Isocitrate; 1-Acetoxypinoresino; Proline betaine; Adenosine; Adenine; Hippuric acid; Carnitine, and Ethanol. Children's F&V intake was correlated with three urinary metabolites (4, 427, 109) in which very few correlations (n=4, one positive and three negative correlations) were significant. These correlations that compared the identified biomarker with what was reported in the FVQ were generally poor in terms of not showing agreement with children's F&V intake. One exception was the positive correlation that was found with the urinary excretion of gamma guanidinobutyric acid, which may reflect children's fruit intake. Urinary excretion of formic acid, butanoic acid and 1-propanamine were all negatively correlated with children's F&V intake and were used as a robust biomarker of fruit and dairy products among children. With the use of the metabolomics technique, there is more precision in children's dietary profile presentation compared with relying on a single method, such as the FVQ. Metabolomics has the potential to be used as a validation/reference tool and in detecting novel biomarkers. A fifth study was carried out to explore children's perceptions of snack healthiness and snack preferences, and the relationship between these and their health parameters. Participants were children of nursery and primary age (3-12 years old, n=472). A card sorting exercise was implemented using 18 popular snack types, and basic health parameters (weight, height, body fat, waist/hip circumference), both of which were measured in the children's school. The children showed good understanding of snack healthiness based on the nutritional composition of the 18 snacks, and the findings showed that as children develop, their perception of healthiness increases. Nevertheless, the unhealthier snacks were still the most preferable type to children. A follow-up study was conducted to examine parents' (n=142) views on snack healthiness and snack preferences for their children. Participants were parents of nursery and primary school age children. An online survey was designed and implemented as a tool for data collection. Parents exhibited a good awareness of healthy snacks, however stated that their children showed more preference for unhealthy snacks. There was no statistically significant relationship between parents' knowledge of snack healthiness and their age, sex, education level, employment status and ethnicity. Although parents demonstrated that nutritional value is one of the most important goals for them in snack selection for their children, taste and peer pressure are two factors that significantly affected children's snack choice. It is still not clear why the parents' snack choices were not always the healthy choice. Overall, the findings from the above-conducted studies demonstrated that: 1) Scottish children still do not adhere to the five-a-day recommendation; 2) some aspects of children's health were correlated to their F&V intake when using a focused two-day FVQ, and expressed more F&V intake for their children when the focus was on the two-day FVQ; 3) urine metabolomics has potential for identifying biomarkers of F&V intake; 4) both children and their parents showed a good perception and knowledge of what constitutes a healthy snack - even children of nursery age were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy types; 5) nevertheless, children's eating habits (particularly towards snack preference) need to be improved. It is hoped that these data will aid in the production and testing of further hypotheses related to short- and long-term health in children.

<p> This master&rsquo;s thesis proposed an integrative group counseling intervention utilizing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), attachment theory, and mindfulness for youth who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The proposed group is intended as a Tier 2 support in a trauma-informed multi-tiered system of supports on a school campus; however, the group can be offered in mental health treatment settings. Synopses of the research described the symptomology of trauma, detailing the adverse consequences for youth who have experienced trauma, including the neurobiological impairments, mental health challenges, social limitations, maladaptive behavioral outcomes, harmful academic impact, and negative health outcomes. The literature review substantiated the probable benefits of the use each component of this integrative group counseling intervention to support youth with post-trauma difficulties. The integrative intervention is designed to reduce trauma symptomology, improve attachment patterns, and increase mindfulness in youth who have ACEs. Limitations, implications and recommended future research are discussed.</p><p>

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1946.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1946.

A promoção da saúde (PS) na escola visa colaborar para a construção da autonomia de alunos e professores, de forma a gerar microtransformações na comunidade local, nos aspectos que tangem à saúde. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar os sentidos atribuídos por crianças e adolescentes às atividades de PS na escola, e os objetivos específicos foram identificar os sentidos atribuídos pelas crianças e adolescentes às atividades de (PS) na escola e analisar relações que fazem sobre saúde em seu cotidiano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na abordagem histórico-cultural de Lev Vigotski e colaboradores, em que se empregou a análise temática de Braun e Clarke como ferramenta para a análise de dados. Foram realizados 4 grupos focais de alunos com idades entre 11 e 14 anos, que vivenciaram atividades de PS em uma escola pública de Ribeirão Preto. Esses participantes produziram ainda, por escrito e ao final do grupo focal, impressões sobre as atividades de PS. Foram também obtidas informações de documentos escolares e de registros de observações da pesquisadora. Os resultados levaram à constituição dos seguintes temas: Temas apresentados pelos alunos - com contextualização das dinâmicas das atividades realizadas pelas coordenadoras das atividades de PS (estagiárias de enfermagem) na escola; Aspectos constitutivos da aprendizagem em saúde - apontam a apropriação dos conceitos científicos feitas pelos alunos, e a presença do vínculo e do acolhimento na relação que se estabeleceu entre coordenadoras das atividades de PS e os alunos; Repercussão das aprendizagens no cotidiano - destacaram-se situações vivenciadas na escola levadas para o dia a dia dos participantes, gerando pequenas transformações no contexto familiar e escolar, mostrando que o aprendizado compreende a tomada de consciência para a mudança de atitude e passa a fazer parte das atividades dos alunos no cotidiano; Princípios da Promoção da Saúde - definidos pela OMS, destacaram-se: Ações Multiestratégicas - metodologias ativas nas atividades de PS; Concepção Holística da Saúde - a relação do bullying com a saúde mental (depressão) e com a responsabilidade pelo bem-estar dos demais, considerando que podem levar à morte (suicídio) ou salvar vidas; Intersetorialidade -relação entre educação (professores) e saúde (coordenadoras das atividades de PS); Sustentabilidade - continuidade necessária das atividades para que ocorram as transformações no cotidiano e no ambiente escolar; Participação Social - pequenas atitudes podem causar consequências importantes para as pessoas que estão próximas e no contexto local; Empoderamento - pequenas transformações adotadas pelos participantes demonstraram a potencialidade de se tornarem atividades que colaboram para a ressignificação da saúde e para transformações na sociedade; Equidade - importância do respeito para a construção de uma boa convivência escolar; por fim o tema: Sugestões dos alunos para as atividades de Promoção da Saúde - sugestão de autoestima e saúde bucal como temas e visita à USP para atividades de PS na escola. Os sentidos atribuídos pelos alunos às experiências vivenciadas nas atividades de PS apontaram aprendizagem e transformações no cotidiano, que contribuem para a vivência mais saudável e comunitária, indicando a importância do trabalho de PS nas escolas / Promotion of health (PS) in school aims to collaborate for the construction of the autonomy of students and teachers, in order to generate micro transformations in the local community, in aspects that affect health. The general objective of this study was to analyze the meanings attributed by children and adolescents to PS activities at school, and the specific objectives were to identify the meanings attributed by children and adolescents to the activities of (PS) at school and analyze relationships that they make about health in your daily life. This is a qualitative research, anchored in the historical-cultural approach of Lev Vigotski et al., in which the thematic analysis of Braun and Clarke was used as a tool for data analysis. Four focus groups were carried out on students aged 11 to 14 years, who experienced PS activities in a public school in Ribeirão Preto. These participants also produced, in writing and at the end of the focus group, impressions on PS activities. Information was also obtained from school documents and records of the researcher observations. The results led to the constitution of the following themes: Topics presented by the students - with contextualization of the dynamics of the activities carried out by the coordinators of the PS activities (nursing trainees) in the school; Constitutive aspects of health learning - point out the appropriation of the scientific concepts made by the students, and the presence of the bond and the reception in the relationship that was established between coordinators of the PS activities and the students; Repercussion of learning in the daily life - highlighted situations experienced in the school taken to the daily life of the participants, generating small transformations in the family and school context, showing that the learning comprises the awareness for the change of attitude and becomes part of student daily activities; Principles of Health Promotion - defined by the WHO, were highlighted: Multi-strategic actions - active methodologies in the activities of PS; Holistic Health Conception - the relationship of bullying to mental health (depression) and responsibility for the well-being of others, considering that they can lead to death (suicide) or save lives; Intersectoriality - relationship between education (teachers) and health (coordinators of PS activities); Sustainability - necessary continuity of activities in order to bring changes in the daily life and in the school environment; Social Participation - small attitudes can have important consequences for people who are close and in the local context; Empowerment - small transformations adopted by the participants demonstrated the potential of becoming activities that contribute to the re-signification of health and to changes in society; Equity - importance of respect for the construction of a good school life; Finally, the theme: Suggestions of the students for the activities of Health Promotion - suggestion of self-esteem and oral health as themes and visit to USP for PS activities in school. The senses attributed by the students to the experiences lived in the activities of PS pointed to learning and transformations in the daily life, which contribute to a healthier and more communal life, indicating the importance of PS work in schools

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1945.