Vitamin E is a fat soluble compound which acts as an antioxidant scavenging free radicals. Effects of deficiency of vitamin E in the diet have not been fully analyzed in the testis and epididymis. In the present study, Sprague-Dawley female rats bearing litters were fed a vitamin E deficient diet when the pups were postnatal 10 days old and were maintained on this diet until the pups were 21 days old. The most severe effects were noted in the group that received a vitamin E deficient diet from day 10 until 21 through the mother and then fed a vitamin E deficient diet until day 48. In this group, spermatogenesis was incomplete since late spermatids from steps 9-19 were rarely encountered in all tubules. Many steps 7-8 spermatids were seriously affected and showed a large vacuolation in their nucleus, disrupted acrosome and patchy dense granular cytoplasm suggesting cell degeneration. In the epididymis, principal cells along the entire duct appeared undifferentiated. In other groups of animals that received a vitamin E deficient diet until day 48 and then fed a normal diet for an additional 30 or 48 days, the testis and epididymis were comparable to the control animals. The present results thus demonstrate that spermatogenesis is incomplete and that late spermatids are most severely affected by vitamin E deficiency. However, the situation is reversible when vitamin E is replaced in the diet. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2006. / (UMI)AAI3226737. Adviser: Mary M. Boggiano. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 4147.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: B, page: 2920. Adviser: Manabu T. Nakamura. Includes bibliographical references. Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

Thesis (M.S.)--Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1982. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 33-06, page: 1874. Adviser: Thomas S. Freund.

<p> The purpose of this study was to conduct a secondary analysis to examine the association between the change from baseline to follow-up in Latino mothers&rsquo; self-reported nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, intentions, food label use, and role modeling from baseline to follow-up with their reports of children&rsquo;s dietary intake measured at follow-up. Data were obtained from from Sanos y Fuertes, a culturally-tailored community-based nutrition education intervention. The participants were Latino mothers and their children ages 2 to 8 years old. A dietary quality scoring system was created using food frequency data. To account for reported frequencies, five set points were created to define criteria for high dietary quality. Logistic regression tests were conducted for the five set points. The change in nutrition knowledge (<i>p</i> = .019) and role modeling (<i>p</i> = .034) of the mothers significantly predicted probability of higher child dietary quality at follow-up. Findings suggest the need for interventions that focus on increasing parental dietary knowledge while emphasizing the importance of role modeling. Further research is needed to explore cultural-related dietary differences between Latinos and non-Latinos.</p><p>

<p> The high rates of obesity in the United States are alarming and the mind body link with hunger is a rich area for study. The purpose of this study was to identify overarching patterns in individuals&rsquo; relationships with hunger. The study findings touch on the fields of obesity, mind body medicine, and personal development.</p><p> The research methodology used for this study was classic grounded theory, which is a theory generating approach consisting of data collection and analysis. The process begins in an open-ended fashion and then becomes more refined as the theoretical patterns emerge from the process, at which point current literature is integrated.</p><p> The theory of hungering emerged from the analyzed data of eleven interviews, including adults who struggled with hunger, who had achieved mastery of physical hunger, and who were professionals in the fields of hunger and psychology. Two types of hunger&ndash;physical hunger and soul hunger&ndash;each require separate processes for simple nourishment and each include additional nuances beyond simple nourishment. The achievement of physical hunger mastery can include interoceptive awareness, hunger anticipation, hunger preparation, an eating schedule, and balanced nutrition. Nourishment can be interrupted at both the physical and the soul level, leading to hunger confusion and hunger suffering in some people. Interrupted nourishment can include lack of awareness, cognitive interference, emotional interference, family influence, and environmental influence. This tangled web can exacerbate food use, including binge eating and emotional eating, which can be related to food attachment, food language, dieting, and body image struggles. It may be possible for some people to escape this maze of confusion and interruptions through the process of self-awareness and personal development, which can include self-care, self-trust, effort to change, thought regulation, emotion regulation, social support, and structured nourishment.</p><p> While steps were taken to limit research bias, the lens through which the data was analyzed may have been impacted by personal interest, academic study, and professional experience. However, this substantive theory offers a unique perspective that may serve as a lens for future studies in the fields of obesity, weight loss, mind body medicine, and personal development.</p>

Abstract not available.

The consequences of soy isoflavone consumption on steroidogenesis were examined in F1 male rats from a multi-generation reproduction study investigating the effects of diets varying in isoflavone content. F1 male rats were obtained from a multi-generation study where the parental generation was fed diets containing alcohol-washed soy protein supplemented with increasing amounts of Novasoy, a commercially available isoflavone supplement. A control group was maintained on a soy-free casein-based diet (AIN93G). Testicular and serum androgen levels were assayed with commercial kits and were approximately doubled at postnatal day (PND) 120 for rats fed a diet of elevated levels of isoflavones. Steroidogenic enzyme activities were significantly increased at PND 28 and immunohistochemistry revealed approximately 25% greater numbers of Leydig cells stained for steroidogenic factor 1 at both PND 28 and 120 amongst rats fed elevated levels of isoflavones, resembling high human consumption rates. These findings show that F1 male rats continuously exposed to a mixture of dietary soy isoflavones from conception onwards exhibit altered gene expression at PND 28, which may lead to increased microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activity at this age and serum and testicular androgen profiles in adulthood. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

During cold exposure, carbohydrates (CHO) play a substantial role in providing substrate for shivering muscles. To date, little is known about the effects of CHO ingestion on substrate utilization in the cold. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of exogenous glucose oxidation (RGox-exo) and quantify the rate of substrate utilization during low-intensity shivering when: (1) glucose is given from the onset (GO) or after 60 min (G60) or (2) ingesting glucose alone or in equal parts with fructose (GF60). Results showed that although CHO and lipid oxidation and their relative contribution to heat production increased during cold exposure when ingesting a CHO beverage, the timing and type of CHO ingested had no effect on overall substrate utilization. However, RGox-exo during cold exposure was significantly greater in the GO and GF60 condition relative to G60 (p&lt;0.05) but no significant difference was found between the GO and GF60.

No description available.