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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelling and optimisation of a decentralised heat network and energy centre in London Docklands

Janjua, Azeem January 2018 (has links)
The following project aims to create a decentralised heat network development methodology which makes best use of heat sources and loads and can be widely applied to evaluate the energy economics of a heat network scheme and energy centre. As the energy transition takes shape, the key is connectivity and the potential now, or in the future to aid progressive development of energy systems and technologies rather than traditional models that consider schemes individually in isolation and not holistically; where with the latter we’re more likely to end up with robust, future-proof solutions.   A methodology was formulated which encompassed various elements of decentralised energy masterplanning approaches and enabled heat demand loads and associated profiles to be simulated. The development of an optimisation model enabled strategies to be devised (maximisation of energy generation and revenue independently) over a set technology lifetime for the energy centre.   The results have concluded that the maximisation of revenue optimisation strategy is the most viable economically. An energy generation optimisation for the energy centre produced optimal results in terms of its heat generation profile, however, the scheme was not economically viable due to significantly high capital costs associated with piping connections to multiple clusters.   A CO2 emission analysis was carried out for a selection of energy technologies (CHP, heat pumps and gas boilers) for the heat network energy centre. An evaluation of the results has concluded that the optimal selection of technology for the energy centre for the minimisation of CO2 emissions is heat pumps. When selecting combinations of technologies for peak and base loads within the energy centre, heat pumps (base load) and gas boilers (peak load) are optimal when aiming to maximise revenue generation whilst minimising CO2 emissions. In this case, reductions in associated CO2 emissions have been calculated to achieve up to 89.07% when compared to a base case gas boiler technology (energy centre) scenario alone.   The methodology and models developed in this project can be widely applied to decentralised heat network projects in London in order to identify optimal development and expansion strategies and evaluate the energy economics of schemes.
2

Optimisation de chaufferies collectives multi-energies : dimensionnement et commande de systèmes de stockage thermique par hydro-accumulation

Labidi, Mouchira 30 April 2015 (has links)
Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l’optimisation d’une chaufferie collective multi-énergie en l’équipant d’un système de stockage thermique de type hydro-accumulation. L’efficacité de ce dernier dépend de sa capacité à conserver son énergie initiale. Ainsi, pour minimiser les pertes thermiques, le système de stockage doit être correctement isolé. Un modèle de ballon d’hydro-accumulation stratifié est développé et validé expérimentalement. Une étude paramétrique est menée afin d’étudier l’impact, sur les pertes thermiques, de paramètres géométriques et météorologiques. Ensuite, une approche de dimensionnement, fondée sur une stratégie de gestion séquentielle et une étude paramétrique est proposée. Plusieurs critères énergétiques et économiques peuvent ainsi être évalués pour différents volumes de stockage thermique. L’approche de dimensionnement proposée a été appliquée à plusieurs sites exploités par Cofely GDF-Suez, notre partenaire industriel. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le dimensionnement optimal du système de stockage et la gestion intelligente du procédé permettent d'optimiser le fonctionnement d’un site. Des économies énergétiques et financières importantes peuvent ainsi être réalisées. La stratégie de gestion séquentielle proposée n’anticipe pas les besoins du réseau de chaleur. C’est pourquoi une stratégie fondée sur la commande prédictive (MPC pour Model Predictive Control) est susceptible d’améliorer le fonctionnement et les performances d’une chaufferie collective équipée d’un système d’hydro-accumulation. Afin de mettre en œuvre un tel contrôleur, la puissance thermique demandée par le réseau de chaleur doit être correctement prédite. Par conséquent, une méthode de prédiction a été développée. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse multi-résolution par transformée en ondelettes discrète et sur l’utilisation de réseaux de neurones artificiels de type perceptron multicouche. La stratégie séquentielle (non prédictive) et la stratégie prédictive ont été appliquées à une chaufferie collective mixte située dans une commune du nord de la France. Pour ce cas d’étude, la stratégie prédictive est plus efficace. De plus, les résultats montrent que, quelle que soit la stratégie utilisée, équiper la chaufferie d’un système d’hydro-accumulation correctement dimensionné est un investissement rentable. Il permet de minimiser la consommation d’énergie fossile et, par conséquent, le coût économique et les émissions de CO2. / The present work deals with optimizing a multi-energy district boiler by adding to the plant a thermal water storage tank. The effectiveness of such a system depends on how long the stored energy can be kept without considerable degradation. The storage tank should be properly insulated to reduce the rate of heat loss. Thus, firstly, a stratified water thermal storage model is developed and experimentally validated. A parametric study is carried out to determine the influence of geometric and meteorological parameters on heat loss. Next, a reliable sizing method based on a sequential management strategy and a parametric study is proposed. Various energy and economic criteria have been evaluated for a range of thermal storage sizes. The proposed methodology has been applied to many plants managed by Cofely GDF-Suez, our industrial partner. Results highlight the ability of a thermal storage tank (optimally sized and managed) to improve the operation of a multi-energy district boiler and realize significant energy and economic savings. The main drawback of the proposed sequential management strategy lies in not taking into account the future power demand. That is why a strategy based on a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is likely to improve operation and performance. In order to implement such a controller, the power demand has to be accurately forecasted. As a consequence, a short-term forecast method, based on wavelet-based Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) and multilayer Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is proposed. Both the sequential and the predictive strategies are applied to a northeast France multi-energy district boiler selected as a case study. The main result to retain is that the efficiency of water thermal storage tank is mainly related to its design and the way it is managed. For this case study, the predictive strategy regardless the size of the storage tank, the predictive strategy is more reliable. Furthermore, in all cases an adequately sized and managed thermal storage tank is a profitable investment. It allows the fossil energy consumption to be significantly reduced. The same remark applies to the functioning costs and CO2 emissions.

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