Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: Dr. Yogendra Joshi; Committee Member: Dr. S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan; Committee Member: Dr. Sheldon Jeter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Dr. Srinivas Garimella; Committee Member: Dr. Samuel Graham; Committee Member: Dr. Sheldon Jeter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

This study examines five potential improvement projects that could be implemented at the Continental Tire manufacturing plant located in Mount Vernon, IL. The study looks at insulating of tire molds, installation of variable frequency drives on circulating pumps, pressure reduction turbines, waste heat utilization used for absorption cooling, and cogeneration using a gas turbine cycle. A feasibility study and cost analysis was performed for each project to determine recommendation for implementation. The two most appealing projects are the insulation addition and the installation of variable frequency drives. Adding insulation would produce energy savings in the range of 908 kJ/s (3,097 Btu/hr) to 989 kJ/s (3,374 Btu/hr) and annual savings between $13,390 and $14,591. Installation of variable frequency drives on two 200 hp circulating pumps would produce energy savings between 74.6 kW (100 hp) and (104.6 kW (140.2 hp) with annual monetary savings in the range of $41,646 to $58,384.

Orientador: Arai Augusta Bernardez Pecora / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SosaArnao_JuanHarold_M.pdf: 12758044 bytes, checksum: 5ef66bd14ee2b7077556c4bb0ea78325 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi realizado o estudo experimental da geração de entropia em um trocador de calor, o qual opera com leito fluidizado raso e recupera o calor contido na areia proveniente de um incinerador. Este trocador de calor é caracterizado por apresentar dois fluidos (ar e água) que ganham energia das partículas sólidas (areia). O objetivo foi analisar a influência dos fatores que afetam o desempenho do trocador de calor, visando determinar as condições operacionais ótimas do mesmo. Para isso foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial 23 com três pontos centrais, o qual permitiu a identificação dos fatores estatisticamente significativos sobre a variável de resposta. Os fatores estudados foram: a área de transferência de calor (A), analisada em 3 níveis diferentes (0,066 ; 0,1 04 e 0,130 m2); o número de chicanas (No) no casco (O, 3, e 6); e a razão entre as capacidades caloríficas do material sólido e da água (C) que variou também em 3 níveis (0,05; 0,075 e 0,1). A variável de resposta estudada foi o número de unidades de geração de entropia (Ns). Também foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis de resposta: eficiência exergética (N=:), eficiência energética (Ecne) e efetividade do trocador de calor (E). A aplicação do método de minimização de geração de entropia (EGM) e da análise exergética nos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, mostrou que a melhor configuração para o trocador de calor estudado ocorreu quando o diâmetro do tubo imerso no leito estava em seu valor médio, enquanto o número de chicanas e a razão entre as capacidades caloríficas estavam em seus valores máximos. A análise estatística dos resultados mostrou que o número de chicanas e a área de transferência de calor possuem influência significativa sobre o Ns. Verificou-se também que as melhores condições de operação (Ns mínimo e Nc:xe máximo) ocorreram quando a variação da exergia do sólido foi unifonnemente distribuída entre os fluxos de ar e de água. A análise de primeira lei refletida através da eficiência energética do sistema, foi um indicador interessante mas insuficiente para a análise do sistema. Quando esta análise é combinada com a análise exergética e o método de minimização de geração de entropia, os critérios de otimização e a adequada operação do sistema podem ser atingidos. A definição de efetividade do trocador de calor (E), usada tradicionalmente na avaliação deste tipo de equipamento, mostra-se adequada quando só a água é o produto útil, mas quando a intenção é o uso posterior dos fluxos de ar e de água esta definição pode levar a conclusões incompletas / Abstract: This work presents an experimental study of the entropy generation in a fluidized bed heat exchanger used for heat recovering of contained sand particles discharged ftom an incinerator. This heat exchanger is characterized by presenting two fluids (air for fluidization and water flowing inside an immersed tube) that gains energy ITom solid particles (sand). The objective was to analyze the influence of the factors that affect the heat exchanger performance, being aimed to determine the best operational conditions for the equipment. A factorial experimental planning 23 with three central points was developed, in order to obtain the identification of the statistically significant factors about the reply variables. The studied factors were: heat transfer area (A), analyzed in 3 different levels (0.066; 0.104 and 0.130 m2); number ofbaflles immersed in the fluidized bed (Nc=0,3, and 6); and rate between the calorific capacities of solid material and water (C) that also varied in 3 levels (0.05; 0.075 and 0.1). The first studied reply variable was the number of units of entropy generation (Ns). Also the following reply variables had been analyzed: exergetic efficiency (Nexe), energy efficiency <Eene) and effectiveness of the heat exchanger (E). The application of the entropy generation minimization method (EGM) and ofthe exergetic analysis in the experimentally gotten results, showed that the best confíguration for the studied heat exchanger occurred when the diameter of the immersed tube in the fluidized bed was in the medium size tested, while, the number ofbaflles and the rate calorific capacities ratio were in their maximum values. Statistics analysis of the resu1ts showed that the number and bafl1es and the heat transfer area have significant int1uence on Ns. It was also verified that the best operational conditions (minimum Ns and maximum Ncoo:) had occurred when the solid exergy variation was unifonnly distributed between water and air flows. The fust law analysis reflected through the energetic efficiency of the system was an interesting but insufficient indicator for the system analysis. When this analysis is combined with the exergetic analysis and entropy generation minimization method, the criteria of optimization and an adequate operation of the system can be reached. The definition of effectiveness ofthe heat exchanger (E), used traditiona11y to evaluate such equipment, reveals adequate when the water is the only useful product, but when there are more useful products this definition can induce to incomplete conclusions / Mestrado / Termica e Fluidos / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

M.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This thesis evaluates domestic water heating systems in conjunction with energy saving technologies such as solar water heating, drain water heat recovery, and heat pump water heating. Five dynamic models are developed using Matlab Simulink® with a time-step of one minute. Using minute resolution hot water flow, hourly solar radiation data and ambient temperature, the performance of various configurations are assessed when operating in Victoria, Kamloops, and Williams Lake, B.C. Twelve different demand profiles on a summer day and winter day are simulated. Some specific metrics, such as conventional energy consumption, system energy factor, and equivalent CO2 emissions are used as the basis of evaluating the system efficiency. Results indicate the potential improvements in system performance over a conventional domestic water heating system in lower conventional energy consumption and lower CO2 emissions when applying any one of the three energy saving technologies mentioned above. For example, on a representative summer day (Day 228) in Victoria with a load profile of a low-use two-person family on a weekday, the system‟s energy factor can be improved from 0.50 to up to 2.84, and the corresponding conventional energy consumption and the CO2 emissions decrease from 9.86 kwh to 1.67 kwh, and 1.77 kg/day to 0.06 kg/day, respectively depending on which energy saving technology is applied. The modeling tool developed in this research can be used to guide the design of domestic water heating systems with various system configurations. / Graduate

The motivation of this research project was in response to problems of re-condensation in drying, reduced drying rate encountered by the food and beverage packaging industry which led to the aim of developing a better performing drying system as well as achieving high energy efficiency. A hybrid dryer suited for rapid drying applications is designed, constructed and experimentally tested and considered in atmospheric environment only. The system employs a heat pump in conjunction with a heat reactivated desiccant wheel to provide an efficient drying capability and supply low dew point temperature (DPT) conditions. The combined system utilises the heat dissipated by the condenser in regenerating the desiccant wheel, to increase the economic feasibility of such a hybrid system. Up to 60% heat energy can be saved by using the hybrid system in the rapid surface drying applications. Mathematical models are developed to obtain the correlations among the design operating and performance parameters of the dehumidification systems. The mathematical models can be used to estimate the performance of the hybrid system as well as the performance of the individual components of the system. A prototype model was designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental facility consisted of a heat pump desiccant dehumidifier with the new ecological R134a as a refrigerant which used the heat dissipated by the condenser. An analysis of the experimental data was conducted to determine the practical relationship between the operational parameters (COP, ma and TR) and performance parameters (SMER, DPT and ε) of the system. The observed behaviours of the test cases are suggested to be governed by a specific combination of the operation parameters. The analysis shows that the proposed hybrid system can deliver supply air at a much lower DPT compared with the single refrigerant circuit and a desiccant wheel. It is shown that the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) for conventional dryers is 0.5 - 1 kg/kWh and SMER for heat pump based system is 3 - 4 kg/kWh whereas the hybrid system achieves SMER >5 kg/kWh. By operating the combined system in tandem, a greater amount of dehumidification could be realised due to the improved ratio of latent to the total load. The present research also confirms the importance of improving heat recovery to improve the performance of a heat-pump-assisted drying system.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for M.Tech.: Electrical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / Industrial plants are excellent sources of waste heat and provide many opportunities for energy harvesting using thermo-electric principles. A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is utilized in this study for harvesting expended heat from various sources. The main challenge associated with this type of technology lies in the creation of a sufficient thermal gradient between the hot side and the cold side of the TEG device. This is necessary for the module to generate an appreciable quantity of electrical energy. The performance of the TEG generator is tested using different configurations, different heat sources and different cooling methods. Heat sources included electrically driven devices, gas, biomass and gel fuel. Expended heat from different sites within an industrial environment was also chosen for operating the TEG device. The power produced by the generator is sufficient to operate low power LED lights, a DC radio receiver and a cellular phone charger. / M

A combined cycle is one of the thermal cycles used in thermal power plants. It consists of a combination of a gas and a steam turbine, where the waste heat from the gas turbine is used for steam generation in the heat recovery steam generator. The aim of the diploma thesis was the conceptual design of a combined cycle electricity source and the balance calculation of the cycle. The calculation is based on the thermodynamic properties of the substances and the basic knowledge of the Brayton and Rankin-Clausius cycle. The result is the amount and parameters of air, flue gases, and steam/water in individual places and the technological scheme of the source, in which these parameters are listed.

In most previous studies that have been conducted on converting waste heat energy from exhaust gases into useful energy, the engine waste heat recovery system has been placed along the exhaust flow pipe where the temperature differs from the temperature just behind the exhaust valves. This means that an important fraction of the energy from the exhaust gases is still lost to the environment. The present work investigates the potential thermodynamic analysis of an integrated exhaust waste heat recovery (EWHR) system based on a Rankine cycle on an engine's exhaust manifold. The amount of lost energy contained in the exhaust gases at the exhaust manifold level, at average temperatures of 500 °C and 350 °C (for petrol and diesel), and the thermodynamic composition of these gases were determined. For heat to occur, a temperature difference (between the exhaust gas and the working fluid) at the pinch point of 20°C was considered. A thermodynamic analysis was performed on different configurations of EWHR thermal efficiencies and the selected suitable working fluids. The environmental and economic aspects of the integrated EWHR system just behind the exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine (ICE) were analysed. Among all working fluids that were used when the thermodynamic analysis was performed, water was selected as the best working fluid due to its higher thermal efficiency, availability, low cost and environmentally friendly characteristics. Using the typical engine data, results showed that almost 29.54% of exhaust waste heat can be converted. This results in better engine efficiency and fuel consumption on a global scale by gaining an average of 1 114.98 Mb and 1 126.63 Mb of petrol and diesel respectively from 2020 to 2040. It can combat global warming by recovering 56.78 1 011 MJ and 64.65 1 011 MJ of heat rejected from petrol and diesel engines, respectively. A case study of a Volkswagen Citi Golf 1.3i is considered, as it is a popular vehicle in South Africa. This idea can be applied to new-design hybrid vehicles that can use the waste heat to charge the batteries when the engine operates on fossil fuel. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / MSc / Unrestricted