M.Ing. (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the most difficult problems in microwave dielectric heating is the generation and control of field and heating patterns. A technique allowing the synthesis of different, pre-determinable heating patterns by interference modulation is proposed. The proposed concept may be described by the term 'interference modulation'. Interference modulation is a technique which enables particular patterns, called features, to be obtained by signals from several sources interfering with each other. The relative phases of the signals are modulated, by which process known features may be selected. Weights are assigned to these features, which may be combined over time to form a new heating pattern. Phase changes may then be used to switch to specific, known features, with weights which will determine the contribution of each feature to the desired overall pattern. In the practical implementation described, magnetron tubes are the sources. Each of these narrow-band high-power sources was injection locked to a low power control signal. The control signals are derived from a reference source and their phase is set to select a corresponding feature. Calculation and measurement showed that reliable locking occurs with a control signal power of at least 3% of the magnetron's emitted power. Measurements of patterns were carried out with materials formed into sheets and blocks. Some were chemically prepared to reveal the overall heating pattern. The observed patters, simulations and field measurements concur, thus validating the concept and operation of the proposed topology. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die moeilikste probleme in mikrogolf diëlektriese verhitting is die opwekking en beheer van veld- en verhittingspatrone. 'n Tegniek wat voorsiening maak vir die sintese van verskillende, voorafbepaalde verhittingspatrone deur interferensie word hier voorgestel. Die voorgestelde beginsel kan beskryf word deur die term "interferensie modulasie". Interferensie modulasie is 'n tegniek wat spesifieke patrone, genoem kenmerke, moontlik maak deur seine van verskillende bronne met mekaar te laat interfereer. Bekende kenmerke kan geselekteer word deur die relatiewe fases van die seine te moduleer. Gewigte word aan hierdie kenmerke toegeken wat oor tyd gekombineer kan word om nuwe verhittingspatrone te vorm. Faseveranderings kan dan gebruik word om na 'n spesifieke, bekende kenmerk te skakel met gewigte wat die bydrae van elke kenmerk van die verlangde algehele patroon bepaal. Magnetrons word gebruik as bronne in die praktiese implimentering wat beskryf word. Elkeen van hierdie nouband, hoë drywing bronne is injeksie-gesluit met 'n lae drywing beheersein. Die beheerseine is afgekoppel van 'n verwysingsbron en hul fases is gestelom 'n ooreenstemmende kenmerk te verkry. Berekening en meting toon dat betroubare sluiting voorkom wanneer die beheersein ten minste 3% van die magnetron se uittree-drywing is. Metings van patrone is gemaak met materiale wat in lae en blokke gevorm is. Sommiges is met chemikalië voorberei sodat die algehele verhittingspatroon gesien kan word. Die waargeneemde patrone, simulasies en veldmetings stem goed ooreen en bevestig die beginsel en werking van die voorgestelde topologie.

Nickel-based super alloys are widely employed in the aerospace industry due to their high- temperature strength and high corrosion resistance. Because of the special application, the superficial residual stress of the super alloy is mandatory to 100% compressive stress according to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. In manufacturing of nickel-based super alloy components, grinding processes are necessarily applied as the final material removal step for achieving the stringent tolerance and surface finish requirements. During the traditional grinding process of Nickel based alloy, due to the thermal effect, tensile residual stress might be generated on the surface of the alloy. It's critical to transfer the tensile residual stress to compressive one which benefits on the fatigue life of alloy. In the thesis, a novel technology is developed to generate the superficial compressive residual stress with the method of embed a subsurface heating layer inside the workpiece to regulate the distribution of temperature field very before mechanical process. The residual stress might be reduced much, even transfer to compressive stress after combining the thermal effect. The numerical model will be built in the thesis including the induction model, heat transfer model, grinding heat model. Effects of different parameters on final subsurface heating layer will be studied including the coil parameters, concentrator parameters, coolant parameters, feed rate and also electromagnetic field properties such as the skin effect, proximity effect and slot effect. The thesis creates a system combining induction heating and cooling processes to regulate the temperature distribution in subsurface area that will be used for further stress analysis.

<p>In this study 4 solar and pellet heating systems have been studied with the help of annual dynamic simulations. Two of the systems comprised a pellet stove and two systems were solar combisystems; one with a store integrated pellet burner, the other with a separate pellet boiler.</p><p>The aim was to evaluate their thermal performance and their CO-emissions. The systems have been modelled based on lab measurements of the single system components. The used models allow a detailed study of the dynamic behaviour of the systems.</p><p>The stove systems have the least primary energy consumption provided the auxiliary electricity is taken into account with a conversion factor of 100%. If the auxiliary electricity is taken into account with a conversion of 40% and/or the systems are placed in the heated area the combisystems need less or a similar amount of primary energy.</p><p>Modulating combustion power reduces the number of starts and stops and for most pellet units this reduces the total CO emissions. The obtained annual CO emissions are higher than the values obtained from the standard test methods. It was shown that the average emissions under realistic annual conditions were greater than the limit values of two Eco-labels.</p><p>The system performance can be significantly improved by a proper control of the pellet heater and by sizing the pellet heater according to the size of the peak space heating demand.</p><p>Based on these findings from the simulations two prototypes of a combined solar and pellet heating system has been designed, built and tested; one for the lab and one that has been installed in a demonstration house. The system is very compact and is suitable for detached houses with no heating room or little space for a heating room.</p>

In this study 4 solar and pellet heating systems have been studied with the help of annual dynamic simulations. Two of the systems comprised a pellet stove and two systems were solar combisystems; one with a store integrated pellet burner, the other with a separate pellet boiler. The aim was to evaluate their thermal performance and their CO-emissions. The systems have been modelled based on lab measurements of the single system components. The used models allow a detailed study of the dynamic behaviour of the systems. The stove systems have the least primary energy consumption provided the auxiliary electricity is taken into account with a conversion factor of 100%. If the auxiliary electricity is taken into account with a conversion of 40% and/or the systems are placed in the heated area the combisystems need less or a similar amount of primary energy. Modulating combustion power reduces the number of starts and stops and for most pellet units this reduces the total CO emissions. The obtained annual CO emissions are higher than the values obtained from the standard test methods. It was shown that the average emissions under realistic annual conditions were greater than the limit values of two Eco-labels. The system performance can be significantly improved by a proper control of the pellet heater and by sizing the pellet heater according to the size of the peak space heating demand. Based on these findings from the simulations two prototypes of a combined solar and pellet heating system has been designed, built and tested; one for the lab and one that has been installed in a demonstration house. The system is very compact and is suitable for detached houses with no heating room or little space for a heating room.

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