Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo sobre a razão da produção difrativa e total de B+ decaindo em J=y +K+, no ambiente do experimento CMS do colisor de prótons LHC do CERN, contribuindo assim com a compreensão geral do Modelo Padrão (SM) como a teoria das interações fundamentais entre as partículas elementares. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma análise com o intuito de selecionar os eventos que possuem um méson B+, uma vez que o canal de decaimento mencionado: poderá ser a primeira medida da produção exclusiva do méson B à escala de energia do LHC; é um dos principais canais de fundo para outras análises; e possibilita a utilização de um canal limpo para a calibração do CMS. Em seguida, é apresentada a forma de se identificar eventos difrativos no CMS, utilizando a baixa multiplicidade de torres ativas nos calorímetros CASTOR e HF. Esse estudo foi baseado em simulações computacionais, as quais reproduziram as condições físicas esperadas para o CMS/LHC, à energia de centro de massa de 10 TeV. Utilizou-se na geração de eventos o Monte Carlo POMWIG para as amostras difrativas e o PYTHIA para as demais. / This work concerns the study of the diffractive production ratio of the B+ meson decaying into J=y + K+, in the CMS/LHC environment, thus contributing to an general understanding of the Standard Model (SM) as the theory of fundamental interactions between elementary particles. To begin with, an analysis is done in order to select the events that have B+, as the study of the mentioned channel could provide the first measurement of the exclusive production of B mesons at the energy scale of the LHC. Also, it is an important channel both for further analysis and to make CMS calibrations. Furthermore, we show how to identify diffractive events in CMS, using low multiplicity of active cells in the forward calorimeters, HF and CASTOR. This study was based on computer simulations, which reproduce the Physics conditions expected for CMS at 10 TeV. The POMWIG generator was used to produce the diffractive samples and the others were done with PYTHIA.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo sobre a razão da produção difrativa e total de B+ decaindo em J=y +K+, no ambiente do experimento CMS do colisor de prótons LHC do CERN, contribuindo assim com a compreensão geral do Modelo Padrão (SM) como a teoria das interações fundamentais entre as partículas elementares. Inicialmente, é apresentada uma análise com o intuito de selecionar os eventos que possuem um méson B+, uma vez que o canal de decaimento mencionado: poderá ser a primeira medida da produção exclusiva do méson B à escala de energia do LHC; é um dos principais canais de fundo para outras análises; e possibilita a utilização de um canal limpo para a calibração do CMS. Em seguida, é apresentada a forma de se identificar eventos difrativos no CMS, utilizando a baixa multiplicidade de torres ativas nos calorímetros CASTOR e HF. Esse estudo foi baseado em simulações computacionais, as quais reproduziram as condições físicas esperadas para o CMS/LHC, à energia de centro de massa de 10 TeV. Utilizou-se na geração de eventos o Monte Carlo POMWIG para as amostras difrativas e o PYTHIA para as demais. / This work concerns the study of the diffractive production ratio of the B+ meson decaying into J=y + K+, in the CMS/LHC environment, thus contributing to an general understanding of the Standard Model (SM) as the theory of fundamental interactions between elementary particles. To begin with, an analysis is done in order to select the events that have B+, as the study of the mentioned channel could provide the first measurement of the exclusive production of B mesons at the energy scale of the LHC. Also, it is an important channel both for further analysis and to make CMS calibrations. Furthermore, we show how to identify diffractive events in CMS, using low multiplicity of active cells in the forward calorimeters, HF and CASTOR. This study was based on computer simulations, which reproduce the Physics conditions expected for CMS at 10 TeV. The POMWIG generator was used to produce the diffractive samples and the others were done with PYTHIA.

Les désintégrations semileptoniques du méson $B$ participent à la détermination de certains paramètres fondamentaux du Modèle Standard. Ce travail décrit essentiellement l'étude des deux canaux de désintégrations $B_s \to D_s \ell \bar\nu_\ell$ et $B\to D^{**} \ell\bar\nu_\ell$ (où les $D^{**}$ sont les premières excitations orbitales des mésons $D$ ayant une parité positive). Le cadre théorique est celui de la QCD sur réseau qui, en discrétisant l'espace-temps, permet de calculer non perturbativement les fonctions de Green de la théorie. En utilisant l'action à masse twistée avec deux saveurs dégénérées de quarks dynamiques ($N_f=2$), nous avons commencé par étudier la spectroscopie des états charmés scalaires $D_0^*$ et tenseurs $D_2^*$. Ensuite, nous avons réalisé la détermination du facteur de forme $G_s(1)$ décrivant le processus $B_s\to D_s \ell \bar\nu_\ell$ dans le Modèle Standard. Ce paramètre offre un moyen d'extraire l'élément de la matrice CKM $V_{cb}$. Par ailleurs, et pour la première fois en QCD sur réseau, nous avons déterminé les rapports $F_0(q^2)/F_+(q^2)$ et $F_T(q^2)/F_+(q^2)$ dans la région proche du recul nul: ces contributions sont en effet nécessaires afin de discuter ce canal de désintégration dans certains modèles au-delà du Modèle Standard. Enfin, une étude préliminaire du canal de désintégration $B\to D^{**}$ a été abordée où nous avons trouvé une valeur non nulle de l'élément de matrice décrivant la désintégration $B\to D_0^*$ à recul nul contrairement de ce qui est connu à la limite des quarks lourds. Dans le cas du $B \to D_2^*$, nos résultats ont montré un signal indiquant une différence par rapport aux prédictions de masse infinie. Ces calculs sont indispensables afin de tirer une conclusion plus solide concernant le ``puzzle 1/2 vs 3/2''. / Semileptonic decays of $B$ mesons provide a rich source of knowledge for determining fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. This work reports mainly on the study of two semileptonic decay channels: the $B_s \to D_s \ell\bar\nu_\ell$ and $B\to D^{**} \ell\bar\nu_\ell$ (where the $D^{**}$ are the first orbitally excited states of the $D$ mesons having a positive parity). The theoretical framework is Lattice QCD which is considered as the only satisfying approach which calculates in a non perturbative way the transition amplitudes from first principles. By using the twisted mass QCD on the lattice with $N_f = 2$ dynamical flavors we studied, first, the spectroscopy of the scalar $D_0^*$ and the tensor $D_2^*$ states. Then, we determined the normalization $G_s(1)$ of the form factor dominating $B_s \to D_s \ell \bar\nu_\ell$ in the Standard Model which provides a means of extracting the CKM matrix element $V_{cb}$. Next, we make the first lattice determination of $F_0(q^2)/F_+(q^2)$ and $F_T(q^2)/F_+(q^2)$ near the zero recoil. The obtained results are important for the discussion of this decay in various scenarios of physics beyond the Standard Model. Finally, we did a preliminary study of $B\to D^{**}$ where we have obtained a non vanishing matrix element corresponding to the decay of $B$ into the $D_0^*$ at zero recoil contrary to what was known in the heavy quark limit. Moreover, the computations corresponding to $B\to D_2^*$ show a signal indicating a difference with respect to the infinite mass limit prediction. These results are important to draw a firm conclusion on the ``1/2 vs 3/2 puzzle''.

Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude des désintégrations B0 s → φγ au LHCb afin de mesurer la polarisation du photon . Au niveau des quarks, ces désintégrations procèdent via une transition pingouin b→ sγ et sont sensibles aux éventuelles contributions virtuelles de Nouvelle Physique. La mesure de la polarisation du photon permet de tester la structure V – A du couplage du Modèle Standard dans les processus des diagrammes de boucles de pingouin. Cette mesure peut être réalisée en étudiant le taux de désintégration dépendant du temps des mésons B. Une analyse délicate a été faite pour comprendre la distribution du temps propre et l’acceptance de sélection qui affecte cette distribution. Afin de contrôler l’acceptance de temps propre, des méthodes basées sur les données ont été développées. Plusieurs stratégies utilisées dans la mesure de la polarisation des photons sont introduites et des résultats préliminaires sont présentés. De plus, une étude de certains effets systématiques est discutée. Dans le cadre de l’étude des désintégrations radiatives, une nouvelle procédure d’identification de photons a été développée et nous avons fourni un outil pour calibrer la performance de la variable de séparation photon/pion neutre sur la simulation. Ces outils sont d’intérêt général pour la collaboration LHCb et sont largement utilisés. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of the photon polarization in B0 s → φγ decays at LHCb. At the quark level, such decays proceed via a b→ sγ penguin transition and are sensitive to possible virtual contributions from New Physics. The measurement of the photon polarization stands also as a test of the V – A structure of the Standard Model coupling in the processes mediated by loop penguin diagrams. The measurement of the photon polarization can be done through a study of the time-dependent decay rate of the B meson. A delicate treatment has been done to understand the proper time distribution and the selection acceptance affecting it. To control the proper time acceptance, data driven control methods have been developed. Several possible strategies to measure the photon polarization are introduced and preliminary blinded results are presented. A study of some of the systematic effects is discussed. In the context of studying radiative decays, the author has developed a new photon identification procedure and has provided a tool to calibrate the performance of the photon/neutral pion separation variable on simulation. Those tools are of general interest for the LHCb collaboration and are widely used.