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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ecotoxicologia de um sistema florestal de eucalipto tratado com lodo de esgoto / Ecotoxicology of eucalyptus forest system treated with sewage sludge

Brossi, Maria Julia de Lima 29 August 2008 (has links)
A aplicação do lodo de esgoto em sistemas florestais busca o aprimoramento da produção, favorecendo as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo e das plantas. Entretanto, o lodo pode conter patógenos e, elementos orgânicos e inorgânicos tóxicos, e o efeito destes contaminantes no solo e na planta ainda é pouco conhecido. Sendo assim, foi estabelecida a hipótese de que o lodo de esgoto, quando aplicado ao solo, com base na norma P 4.230, da CETESB, não causa efeitos tóxicos ao sistema solo-eucalipto. Com o objetivo de testar a hipótese acima, foi proposta a determinação da concentração dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos, a avaliação da toxicidade e genotoxicidade do solo tratado com lodo de esgoto e a verificação da correlação entre essas variáveis. O experimento de campo foi instalado em dezembro de 2004, quando mudas de Eucalyptus grandis foram plantadas e tratadas com lodo de esgoto, nas doses de 0; 7,7; 15,4 e 23,1 tha-1, base seca, em área comercial de cultivo de eucalipto da companhia Suzano Bahia Sul Papel e Celulose S.A., em Itatinga, SP. Amostras de solo foram coletadas aos 18, 21, 24, 27 e 34 meses após a aplicação do lodo. Foram determinadas as concentrações de Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb no solo, extraídos por DTPA, Mehlich-1 e com HNO3+HCl, e quantificados por ICP-MS. A toxicidade do solo foi avaliada por meio dos testes com Daphnia magna (concentração letal-CL50), com Pseudokcrichirella subcaptata (inibição de crescimento-CI50), com Lactuca sativa (crescimento de raiz) e com Allium cepa (índice mitótico, aberrações cromossômicas e micronúcleos). Os resultados mostraram um aumento nos teores de Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb no solo de acordo com as doses. Foi observado um aumento da toxicidade para D.magna, P.subcaptata e genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade para A. cepa de acordo com as doses. O lodo de esgoto aplicado ao solo na dose de 15,1 t ha-1, recomendada pela norma da CETESB, não causa efeito tóxico, genotóxico ou mutagênico no sistema solo-planta, de acordo com os testes realizados. Há correlação entre os testes de toxicidade com P. subcaptata, de mutagênicidade com A. cepa (micronúcleos), com os teores dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos no solo. O teste com D. magna constitui uma importante ferramenta na avaliação toxicológica do lodo aplicado ao solo, apesar de não se correlacionar com os teores de elementos potencialmente tóxicos no solo, indicando que a toxicidade do lodo pode estar relacionada também a outros compostos orgânicos tóxicos e/ou agentes patógenos.O teste de toxicidade com L.sativa é inadequado na avaliação toxicológica da aplicação de lodo em relação as doses, por refletir efeitos dos nutrientes e não dos componentes tóxicos do lodo, porém reflete a toxicidade de acordo com o tempo de aplicação do resíduo / The application of sewage sludge in forest systems quests the improvement of the production, favoring the physical, chemistries and biological characteristics of the soil and of the plants. However, the sludge can contain pathogen and, organic and inorganic toxics elements, and the effect of these pollutants in the soil and in the plant is still unknown. It was established the hypothesis that the sewage sludge, when applied to the soil, according to the norm P4.230 of CETESB, doesn\'t cause toxics effects to the soil-eucalyptus system. To test the hypothesis above, it was established as objective, the determination of the concentration of the potentially toxics elements, the evaluation of the toxicity and genotoxicity of the sewage sludge treated soil, and the verification of the correlation among those variables. The field experiment was conducted in December of 2004, when seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis were planted and treated with sewage sludge, in the doses of 0; 7,7; 15,4 and 23,1 tha 1, dry base, in commercial area of eucalyptus cultivation of the Suzano Bahia Sul Papel and Celulose S.A company, in Itatinga, SP. Soil samples were collected to the 18, 21, 24, 27 and 34 months after the application of the sludge. They were established the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil, extracted for DTPA, Mehlich-1 and with concentrated HNO3+HCl, and quantified by ICP-MS. The toxicity of the soil was evaluated through the tests with D. magna (lethal concentration -LC50), with Pseudokcrichirella subcaptata (growth inhibition - IC50), with Lactuca sativa (root growth) and with Allium cepa (mitotic index, cromossomic aberration and micronucleus). The results showed an increase in the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil in agreement with the doses. An increase of the toxicity was observed for D. magna, P. subcaptata and an increase of the genotoxicity and mutagenicity for A. cepa in agreement with the doses. The applied sewage sludge to the soil in the dose of 15,1t ha-1, recommended by CETESB, doesn\'t cause toxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effect in the system soilplant, in agreement with the accomplished tests. There is correlation among the toxicity tests with P. subcaptata, of mutagenicity with A. cepa (micronucleus) with the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil. The test with D. magna is an important tool in the toxicological evaluation of the sludge applied to the soil, however it wasnt correlated with the concentration of potentially toxics elements in the soil, indicating that the toxicity of the sludge can also be related to the other toxic organic compound or pathogen agents. The L.sativa toxicity test is inadequate in the toxicological evaluation of the sludge application, according to the doses, for reflecting effects of the nutrients and it doesnt reflect the toxic components of the sludge, however it reflects the toxicity in agreement with the time of residue application
2

Ecotoxicologia de um sistema florestal de eucalipto tratado com lodo de esgoto / Ecotoxicology of eucalyptus forest system treated with sewage sludge

Maria Julia de Lima Brossi 29 August 2008 (has links)
A aplicação do lodo de esgoto em sistemas florestais busca o aprimoramento da produção, favorecendo as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo e das plantas. Entretanto, o lodo pode conter patógenos e, elementos orgânicos e inorgânicos tóxicos, e o efeito destes contaminantes no solo e na planta ainda é pouco conhecido. Sendo assim, foi estabelecida a hipótese de que o lodo de esgoto, quando aplicado ao solo, com base na norma P 4.230, da CETESB, não causa efeitos tóxicos ao sistema solo-eucalipto. Com o objetivo de testar a hipótese acima, foi proposta a determinação da concentração dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos, a avaliação da toxicidade e genotoxicidade do solo tratado com lodo de esgoto e a verificação da correlação entre essas variáveis. O experimento de campo foi instalado em dezembro de 2004, quando mudas de Eucalyptus grandis foram plantadas e tratadas com lodo de esgoto, nas doses de 0; 7,7; 15,4 e 23,1 tha-1, base seca, em área comercial de cultivo de eucalipto da companhia Suzano Bahia Sul Papel e Celulose S.A., em Itatinga, SP. Amostras de solo foram coletadas aos 18, 21, 24, 27 e 34 meses após a aplicação do lodo. Foram determinadas as concentrações de Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb no solo, extraídos por DTPA, Mehlich-1 e com HNO3+HCl, e quantificados por ICP-MS. A toxicidade do solo foi avaliada por meio dos testes com Daphnia magna (concentração letal-CL50), com Pseudokcrichirella subcaptata (inibição de crescimento-CI50), com Lactuca sativa (crescimento de raiz) e com Allium cepa (índice mitótico, aberrações cromossômicas e micronúcleos). Os resultados mostraram um aumento nos teores de Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb no solo de acordo com as doses. Foi observado um aumento da toxicidade para D.magna, P.subcaptata e genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade para A. cepa de acordo com as doses. O lodo de esgoto aplicado ao solo na dose de 15,1 t ha-1, recomendada pela norma da CETESB, não causa efeito tóxico, genotóxico ou mutagênico no sistema solo-planta, de acordo com os testes realizados. Há correlação entre os testes de toxicidade com P. subcaptata, de mutagênicidade com A. cepa (micronúcleos), com os teores dos elementos potencialmente tóxicos no solo. O teste com D. magna constitui uma importante ferramenta na avaliação toxicológica do lodo aplicado ao solo, apesar de não se correlacionar com os teores de elementos potencialmente tóxicos no solo, indicando que a toxicidade do lodo pode estar relacionada também a outros compostos orgânicos tóxicos e/ou agentes patógenos.O teste de toxicidade com L.sativa é inadequado na avaliação toxicológica da aplicação de lodo em relação as doses, por refletir efeitos dos nutrientes e não dos componentes tóxicos do lodo, porém reflete a toxicidade de acordo com o tempo de aplicação do resíduo / The application of sewage sludge in forest systems quests the improvement of the production, favoring the physical, chemistries and biological characteristics of the soil and of the plants. However, the sludge can contain pathogen and, organic and inorganic toxics elements, and the effect of these pollutants in the soil and in the plant is still unknown. It was established the hypothesis that the sewage sludge, when applied to the soil, according to the norm P4.230 of CETESB, doesn\'t cause toxics effects to the soil-eucalyptus system. To test the hypothesis above, it was established as objective, the determination of the concentration of the potentially toxics elements, the evaluation of the toxicity and genotoxicity of the sewage sludge treated soil, and the verification of the correlation among those variables. The field experiment was conducted in December of 2004, when seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis were planted and treated with sewage sludge, in the doses of 0; 7,7; 15,4 and 23,1 tha 1, dry base, in commercial area of eucalyptus cultivation of the Suzano Bahia Sul Papel and Celulose S.A company, in Itatinga, SP. Soil samples were collected to the 18, 21, 24, 27 and 34 months after the application of the sludge. They were established the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil, extracted for DTPA, Mehlich-1 and with concentrated HNO3+HCl, and quantified by ICP-MS. The toxicity of the soil was evaluated through the tests with D. magna (lethal concentration -LC50), with Pseudokcrichirella subcaptata (growth inhibition - IC50), with Lactuca sativa (root growth) and with Allium cepa (mitotic index, cromossomic aberration and micronucleus). The results showed an increase in the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil in agreement with the doses. An increase of the toxicity was observed for D. magna, P. subcaptata and an increase of the genotoxicity and mutagenicity for A. cepa in agreement with the doses. The applied sewage sludge to the soil in the dose of 15,1t ha-1, recommended by CETESB, doesn\'t cause toxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effect in the system soilplant, in agreement with the accomplished tests. There is correlation among the toxicity tests with P. subcaptata, of mutagenicity with A. cepa (micronucleus) with the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the soil. The test with D. magna is an important tool in the toxicological evaluation of the sludge applied to the soil, however it wasnt correlated with the concentration of potentially toxics elements in the soil, indicating that the toxicity of the sludge can also be related to the other toxic organic compound or pathogen agents. The L.sativa toxicity test is inadequate in the toxicological evaluation of the sludge application, according to the doses, for reflecting effects of the nutrients and it doesnt reflect the toxic components of the sludge, however it reflects the toxicity in agreement with the time of residue application
3

Kontaminace vybraných částí města Brna těžkými kovy / Heavy metals contamination of selected Brno city localities

Debnárová, Andrea January 2010 (has links)
This thesis is focused on the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals in urban area of Brno. Samples were collected in three periods from October 2009 to March 2010, to represent different seasons and their impact on the concentration of heavy metals in examined soil. Ten locations was chosen, each with different level of concentration, starting with busy traffic area where the concentration of means was high continuing to areas located around habitation or parks. As result four elements were determined in every sample: Cu, Cd, Hg and Pb. Presence of copper and lead were detected by flame atomic absortion spectroscopy (F-AAS) and, cadmium by the help of electrothermal atomic absortion spectroscopy (ET-AAS). For the determination of mercury was used advanced mercury analyzer (AMA).

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