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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Computer simulations of liquid crystals

Cook, Melanie Joanna January 2000 (has links)
Molecular simulations performed on modern computers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of both static and dynamic properties of liquid crystals. In this thesis several properties of liquid crystal mesogens have been investigated using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. The helical twisting power, βm, determines the pitch of the chiral nematic phase produced when a nematic liquid crystal is doped with a low concentration of chiral solute molecules. A new simulation technique that allows the prediction of both the sign and the magnitude of βm is described. The method employs fully atomistic MC simulations of a chiral dopant molecule in the presence of a twisted nematic solvent composed of Gay-Berne particles. Eighteen different chiral dopant molecules were examined and in all cases the results were in good agreement with existing experimental data. The Kirkwood correlation factor, g(_1), has been evaluated for the molecules PCH5, PCH5-C1, me5NF and GGP5C1 using MD simulations in the pre-transitional region of the isotropic phase. The calculations employed an all-atom force field, which was developed specifically for liquid crystal molecules. PCH5 and meSNF were seen to favour anti-parallel dipole alignment whereas, PCH5-C1 and GGP5C1 preferred a parallel arrangement of the molecular dipoles. With the exception of GGP5C1, the simulations gave g(_1) values that were in accordance with existing experimental dielectric measurements. Detailed analysis of the MD trajectories showed that certain molecular pair configurations were preferred in the bulk and indicated which molecular groups were responsible for the stabilization of these configurations. Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were carried out in order to evaluate the rotational viscosity coefficient, γ(_1), for a Gay-Berne mesogen using two independent analysis techniques. The methods gave consistent results, which were comparable to experimental data for real mesogens of similar shape and size.
2

Tester la conjecture de Curie-de Gennes / Testing the Curie-de Gennes conjecture

Rida, Fatima 11 October 2017 (has links)
“La vie ne produit pas de corps symétrique”L. Pasteur. Briser la symétrie-miroir est un sujet fascinant qui revêt un rôle crucial en physique, en chimie et en biologie.Le but ultime de cette étude est de démontrer expérimentalement la conjecture de Curie de-Gennes. Cette hypothèse a été proposée pour la première fois par P. Curie 1894 et plus tard développée par De-Gennes. Elle indique qu’il est possible de générer une dissymétrie (excès énantiomérique (e.e.)) en soumettant un mélange racémique à l'influence combinée de champs magnétique et électrique colinéaires. Une telle influence modifie la cinétique du système : selon l'orientation relative des champs magnétique et électrique, l'un des énantiomères est formé plus rapidement que l'autre en raison d’une énergie d'activation inférieure (Ea). Une telle influence a été ultérieurement appelée « faussement chirale » par Barron. Pour démontrer expérimentalement cette conjecture, deux expériences différentes ont été développées :1) La cristallisation énantiosélective d'un réseau de coordination chiral sous des influences physiques externes (champ magnétique ou force de rotation) par diffusion lente. Un petit e.e. est supposé être créé puis amplifié par la croissance des cristaux à l'interface solvant/vapeur d'éthanol. Dans cette expérience, nous avons constaté que la démonstration de conjecture de Curie de Gennes est difficile à atteindre en raison de la forte dispersion de la moyenne des valeurs du e.e. obtenues et de la faiblesse de l'effet attendu.2) La création d'un e.e. dans un atropisomère racémique d’un cristal liquide à base de biphényle en appliquant des champs magnétique et électrique (anti) parallèles. Un arrangement supramoléculaire hélicoïdal des molécules de biphényles dans la phase nématique augmentera le signal lié à la présence d’un e.e. à un niveau mesurable. Au cours de cette seconde expérience, nous avons observé expérimentalement un e.e des dérivés à base de biphényle induit par une combinaison (anti)parallèle de champs magnétique et électrique. Cet excès dépend linéairement du produit des champs magnétique et électrique et l’ordre de grandeur des résultats observés expérimentalement correspond aux estimations théoriques. Compte tenu des résultats obtenus, sous réserve d’ultimes vérifications, cette expérience constitue une démonstration expérimentale convaincante de la conjecture Curie de-Gennes. / “La vie ne produit pas de corps symétrique” L. Pasteur Mirror symmetry breaking is an ever-fascinating topic that plays a crucial role in physics, chemistry, and biology. The ultimate goal of this study is to demonstrate experimentally the so-called Curie de-Gennes conjecture. It was proposed for the first time by P. Curie (1894) and later developed by de-Gennes. It stipulates that it is possible to generate dissymmetry (enantiomeric excess (e.e.)) by submitting a racemic mixture to the combined influence of collinear magnetic and electric fields. Such influence modifies the kinetics of the system: depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic and electric fields, one of the enantiomers is formed faster than the other because of a lower activation energy (Ea),. This influence was later named by Barron as « falsely chiral ». To demonstrate this conjecture, two different experiments were developed:1) The enantioselective crystallization of a chiral metal-organic framework under external physical influence (magnetic field or rotation force) by slow diffusion. The small e.e. is expected to be created and amplified by crystal growth at the interface aqueous solution / ethanol-saturated vapors. In this experiment, we have found that the Curie de-Gennes conjecture demonstration is difficult to achieve due to high dispersion of the average of the observed e.e. and the weakness of the expected effect. 2) Creating an e.e. in a racemic atropisomeric biphenyl based liquid crystal by applying (anti)parallel magnetic and electric fields. The helical twisting power of biphenyls molecules in the nematic phase will enhance the dichroic signal related to the expected e.e. to a measurable level. During this second experiment we have experimentally observed an e.e. in biphenyl-based nematic liquid crystals induced by (anti)parallel combination of magnetic and electric fields. This excess was linearly dependent on the product of magnetic and electric fields and, within one order of magnitude, its absolute value corresponds to the theoretical estimation. Ultimate checks shall confirm that these results constitute a convincing experimental demonstration of the Curie de Gennes conjecture.

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