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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Foldamères d’oligoamides aromatiques pour le développement de structures secondaires bio-inspirées / Aromatic oligoamide foldamers for the development of bio-inspired secondary structures

Lamouroux, Arthur 19 December 2018 (has links)
Pour mimer le repliement des structures tridimensionnelles des biomolécules, les chimistes ont développé des oligomères artificiels capables d’adopter des formes repliées et bien définie en solution : les foldamères. Néanmoins, la variété des structures secondaires isolées que l’on rencontre au sein des foldamères n’atteint pas encore celle des biomolécules. La combinaison de différentes séquences d’oligoamides aromatiques ayant des structures secondaires distinctes a permis le développement d’architectures de type « hélice-feuillet-hélice » définie dans lesquelles chaque sous-composant secondaire conserve son intégrité respective. Ces objets uniques en forme de panier possèdent une fenêtre ouverte modulable inscrite dans le squelette du foldamère par laquelle une molécule invitée peut être accueillie. Comme preuve de concept, la liaison et le relargage d’une molécule invitée à l’une de ces structures se sont révélées rapides à l’échelle de la RMN 1H. Ensuite, le développement de brins oligomériques composés de monomères codant pour de faibles rayons de courbure a permis l’obtention d’hélices doubles. Ces structures auto-assemblées de haut-poids moléculaires possèdent un diamètre de l’ordre du nanomètre. Enfin, des segments hélicoïdaux codant pour des diamètres larges ont été couplés à des pseudo-coudes artificiels dans le but d’obtenir des architectures possédant une large cavité polaire inspirés de la structure des tonneaux β. Ces approches ouvrent la voie vers la conception d’objets moléculaires toujours plus complexes au-delà la chimie des biomolécules. / To mimic the particular folding of the biomolecules’ three-dimensional structures, chemists have developed artificial oligomers that fold into a compact and well-defined structures in solution: foldamers. Nevertheless, the variety of isolated secondary structures of foldamers is not equal to those of biomolecules. The association of different sequences of aromatic oligoamide having distinct secondary structures allowed the development of well-defined helix-sheet-helix architectures in which subcomponents conserve their respective integrity. These unique basket-like objects possess an open-window within the foldamer backbone in which a molecular guest can be accommodate. As a proof of concept, guest binding to one of these structures was found to be fast on the NMR time scale. Then, the development of oligoamide aromatic strands made of monomer encoding for low curvature has allowed to obtain double helices structures. These self-assembled structures showing high molecular weights present a nanometer scale diameter. Eventually, these oligomeric strands were coupled to artificial turn units to obtain β-barrels-like architectures having a large polar cavity. These approaches open the access to the design of ever more complex molecular objects beyond the chemistry of biomolecules.
2

Exploring the molecular architecture of proteins: Method developments in structure prediction and design

Chavan, Archana G. 01 January 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Proteins are molecular machines of life in the truest sense. Being the expressors of genotype, proteins have been a focus in structural biology. Since the first characterization and structure determination of protein molecule more than half a century ago1, our understanding of protein structure is improving only incrementally. While computational analysis and experimental techniques have helped scientist view the structural features of proteins, our concepts about protein folding remain at the level of simple hydrophobic interactions packing side-chain at the core of the protein. Furthermore, because the rate of genome sequencing is far more rapid than protein structure characterization, much more needs to be achieved in the field of structural biology. As a step in this direction, my dissertation research uses computational analysis and experimental techniques to elucidate the fine structural features of the tertiary packing in proteins. With these set of studies, the knowledge of the field of structural biology extends to the fine details of higher order protein structure.

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