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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Senzory pro ptačí chřipku

Krejčová, Ludmila January 2014 (has links)
Mutation rate of influenza viruses is up to a hundred times higher, when compared to other viruses. Thanks to the speed of mutational changes, influenza is considered as the strongest member of the group of potential pandemics agents. In order to prevent the occurrence and spread of pandemic, which could have impact on worldwide population, we need methods for rapid detection of each subtype of influenza viruses. One of the most progressive way of detection of biomolecules are electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The aim of the thesis was to design sensors and biosensors for influenza virus detection, especially avian influenza H5N1, that are based on the isolation of two different parts of influenza virion using paramagnetic particles, coupled with subsequent electrochemical detection of isolated target molecules. We designed and optimized methods for isolation and detection of influenza antigen (hemagglutinin) and influenza nucleic acid (DNA oligonucleotide derived from genomic RNA of influenza). In both cases, quantum dots (QDs) were used as the label of target molecules for electrochemical detection. Two fast, sensitive and low-cost method for isolation and electrochemical detection by square-wave voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were applied.
2

Strukturní analýza filamentózního hemaglutininu (FhaB) z Bordetella pertussis / Structural analysis of filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) from Bordetella pertusis

Jurnečka, David January 2015 (has links)
: Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is adhesive protein molecule that is secreted by Gram- negative bacterium Bordetella pertusis, the causative agent of whooping cough (pertussis). The C-terminal segment of FHA plays a crucial role in host-pathogen interaction, however, the structural features are still unknown. Here, we identified the C-terminal residue of FHA and processed form of FHA (FHA*) as alanine residues in position 2304 and 2228, respectively. Circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the C-terminal segment of FHA(FHA 1995-2228) is characterized by alpha-helical contribution without any compact protein fold. Moreover, suppression of transcription of small regulatory RNA pairing to the 5'-end of fhaB transcript resulted in two- fold increase of FHA production. These data suggested that the C-terminal segment of FHA appear to be an unstructured protein and FHA secretion is negatively regulated by small regulatory RNA. (In Czech) Keywords: Bordetella pertussis, filamentous hemagglutinin, small RNA
3

Un nuevo virus A/H1N1, una nueva pandemia: Influenza un riesgo permanente para una humanidad globalizada

Osores Plenge, Fernando, Gómez Benavides, Jorge, Suárez Ognio, Luis, Cabezas Sánchez, César, Alave Rosas, Jorge, Maguiña Vargas, Ciro 16 July 2014 (has links)
La influenza es una enfermedad altamente infectocontagiosa de la cual se tienen registros históricos descriptivos desde la época griega y de certeza etiológica tan solo hace casi ocho décadas atras. Su agente causal es el virus del influenza de los que se conoce exiten tres grandes tipos: A B y C. El tipo A tiene la propiedad de circular por diversos reservorios biológicos, tales como el hombre, los cerdos y las aves, entre otros. Representa además una elevada variabilidad genética lo que le permite continuos cambios o derivas antigénicas menores responsables de la influenza humanas epidémicas y a veces reordenamientos amplios con cambios antigénicos mayores los que originan la temida influenza pandémica. En un mundo cada vez mas globalizado, con una población superior a los seis mil millones de personas, marcado por grandes inequidades sociales y con cambios climáticos evidentes, los virus de la influenza serán un riesgo permanente para la seguridad de la humanidad. La clínica de los diversos subtipos virales pueden balancearce desde las formas inaparentes hasta las formas graves de gripe o influenza, dependiendo de la virulencia del subtipo viral infectante y del huesped. Aunque nuestra tecnología diagnóstica y de inmunización ha avanzado sorprendentemente, la preparación y disposición de los nuevos kits diagnósticos suelen tardar al principio y en el caso de las vacunas estas no están disponibles para el un nuevo subtipo viral pandémico en el momento que se las necesita. El desarrollo de antivirales contra la gripe no es notorio, contándose aprobados para uso humano los amadantanes como la amantadina y la rimantadina y los inhibidores de la neuraminidasa como oseltamivir y sanamivir principalmente. Claramente los más vulnerables en este contexto son los países en vías de desarrollo y en especial aquellos mas pobres, hecho que nos debería llamar a una profunda reflexión. / Influenza is a highly contagious disease. There are some historical descriptions of this condition by ancient Greek physicians, and the etiological agents have been known only for the last eight decades. The causative agent is the influenza virus, which has three main types: A, B, and C. Type A is capable of circulating within many different biological reservoirs, including humans, swine, and birds. It also has high genetic variability, which allows it to have minor antigenic drifts or mutations which are responsible of epidemics in humans. Sometimes changes are quite marked, leading to pandemics. In a globalized world, with more than 6 billion inhabitants, with many social inequities and evident climate changes, influenza viruses are a permanent risk for mankind. Clinical features for the different viral subtypes may vary from subtle infections to full blown and severe, life-threatening forms. Event with the great advances in diagnostics and immunization, the manufacture and distribution of new diagnostic kits may take some time, and new vaccines are not always readily available. Specific therapies against influenza are not well developed. There are two groups of drugs, the so called adamantane derivatives, such as amantadine and rimantadine, and the neuraminidase inhibitors, such as oseltamivir and zanamivir. Most vulnerable areas for the new flu pandemics include developing countries, particularly the poorest ones, so that the greatest effort must be made for helping these areas.
4

Analysis of maturation of measles virus hemaglutinin in yeast S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris secretory pathway and humanization of yeast cells / Tymų viruso hemagliutinino baltymo brendimo procesų mielių S. cerevisiae ir P. pastoris ląstelių sekreciniame kelyje tyrimas ir mielių humanizavimas

Čiplys, Evaldas 27 December 2011 (has links)
The aims of the study were to determine the reasons for unsuccessful expression of measles virus hemaglutinin (MeH) in the yeast cells and to generate a stable yeast strains with integrated genes of protein secretory pathway of human cells and to examine influence of coded human proteins on MeH maturation. For the firs time, overexpression of MeH in yeast S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris was described. It was demonstrated that mechanisms of cotranslational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and protein maturation in the ER of yeast cells are not adapted to deal with for such complex virus glycoproteins. Proteomic analysis revealed, that overexpression of human virus surface protein precursors induces cytosolic unfolded protein response (UPR-cyto) in the yeast S. cerevisiae. A key feature of this response is the formation of extremely large aggregates involving macromolecular structures of eEF1A. Efficient mammalian like cotranslational translocation pathway was attempted to reconstitute in yeast cells by transferring human SRP, Sec61 complexes and TRAM1 protein. Human chaperones BiP, clanexin, calreticulin, ERp57 and PDI were transferred to the yeast cells to create suitable environment for maturation of MeH in the ER. Even though yeast strains, able to produce biologically active MeH protein, were not generated during this study, results show, that humanization of yeast secretory pathway, designed for producing active virus glycoproteins, is possible. / Baigiamojo darbo tikslai – nustatyti neefektyvios žmogaus virusų glikobaltymų raiškos mielėse priežastis ir sukurti mielių kamienus su integruotais žmogaus ląstelių sekrecinio kelio genais bei ištirti jų įtaką glikobaltymų sintezei ir brendimui mielėse. Darbo eigoje pirmą kartą buvo aprašytos tymų viruso hemagliutinino (TVH) sintezės galimybės mielėse Saccharomyces cerevisiae ir Pichia pastoris. Parodyta, kad mielių ko-transliacinio baltymų perkėlimo į endoplazminį tinklą (ET) ir ET baltymų sulankstymo mechanizmai nėra pritaikyti sudėtingų virusinių baltymų brendimui, todėl klasikinės mielių rūšys ir standartiniai rekombinantinių baltymų raiškos ir gryninimo protokolai nėra tinkami diagnostikai ir vakcinų kūrimui reikalingo TVH baltymo gavimui. Proteominė S. cerevisiae ląstelių, sintetinančių TVH baltymą, analizė leido nustatyti kad, TVH sintezė mielėse sukelia neseniai literatūroje aprašytą citoplazminį nesusivyniojusių baltymų atsaką (UPR-cyto). Pagrindinis šiame darbe aprašyto atsako į stresą požymis yra ypatingai didelių baltymų agregatų, kurių šerdį sudaro TVH ir mielių eEF1A baltymai, susidarymas. Žmogaus tipo ko-transliacinį baltymų pernešimą į ET mielių ląstelėse bandyta atkurti perkeliant žmogaus SRP, Sec61 kompleksų ir TRAM1 baltymus, o siekiant sukurti tinkamas TVH baltymo brendimui sąlygas, mielių ląstelių ET buvo sintetinami pagrindiniai žmogaus ląstelių ET šaperonai – BiP, kalretikulinas, kalneksinas, PDI ir ERp57. Nors šiame darbe nepavyko sukurti mielių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
5

Tymų viruso hemagliutinino baltymo brendimo procesų mielių S. cerevisiae ir P. pastoris ląstelių sekreciniame kelyje tyrimas ir mielių humanizavimas / Analysis of maturation of measles virus hemaglutinin in yeast S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris secretory pathway and humanization of yeast cells

Čiplys, Evaldas 27 December 2011 (has links)
Baigiamojo darbo tikslai – nustatyti neefektyvios žmogaus virusų glikobaltymų raiškos mielėse priežastis ir sukurti mielių kamienus su integruotais žmogaus ląstelių sekrecinio kelio genais bei ištirti jų įtaką glikobaltymų sintezei ir brendimui mielėse. Darbo eigoje pirmą kartą buvo aprašytos tymų viruso hemagliutinino (TVH) sintezės galimybės mielėse Saccharomyces cerevisiae ir Pichia pastoris. Parodyta, kad mielių ko-transliacinio baltymų perkėlimo į endoplazminį tinklą (ET) ir ET baltymų sulankstymo mechanizmai nėra pritaikyti sudėtingų virusinių baltymų brendimui, todėl klasikinės mielių rūšys ir standartiniai rekombinantinių baltymų raiškos ir gryninimo protokolai nėra tinkami diagnostikai ir vakcinų kūrimui reikalingo TVH baltymo gavimui. Proteominė S. cerevisiae ląstelių, sintetinančių TVH baltymą, analizė leido nustatyti kad, TVH sintezė mielėse sukelia neseniai literatūroje aprašytą citoplazminį nesusivyniojusių baltymų atsaką (UPR-cyto). Pagrindinis šiame darbe aprašyto atsako į stresą požymis yra ypatingai didelių baltymų agregatų, kurių šerdį sudaro TVH ir mielių eEF1A baltymai, susidarymas. Žmogaus tipo ko-transliacinį baltymų pernešimą į ET mielių ląstelėse bandyta atkurti perkeliant žmogaus SRP, Sec61 kompleksų ir TRAM1 baltymus, o siekiant sukurti tinkamas TVH baltymo brendimui sąlygas, mielių ląstelių ET buvo sintetinami pagrindiniai žmogaus ląstelių ET šaperonai – BiP, kalretikulinas, kalneksinas, PDI ir ERp57. Nors šiame darbe nepavyko sukurti mielių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aims of the study were to determine the reasons for unsuccessful expression of measles virus hemaglutinin (MeH) in the yeast cells and to generate a stable yeast strains with integrated genes of protein secretory pathway of human cells and to examine influence of coded human proteins on MeH maturation. For the firs time, overexpression of MeH in yeast S. cerevisiae and P. pastoris was described. It was demonstrated that mechanisms of cotranslational translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and protein maturation in the ER of yeast cells are not adapted to deal with for such complex virus glycoproteins. Proteomic analysis revealed, that overexpression of human virus surface protein precursors induces cytosolic unfolded protein response (UPR-cyto) in the yeast S. cerevisiae. A key feature of this response is the formation of extremely large aggregates involving macromolecular structures of eEF1A. Efficient mammalian like cotranslational translocation pathway was attempted to reconstitute in yeast cells by transferring human SRP, Sec61 complexes and TRAM1 protein. Human chaperones BiP, clanexin, calreticulin, ERp57 and PDI were transferred to the yeast cells to create suitable environment for maturation of MeH in the ER. Even though yeast strains, able to produce biologically active MeH protein, were not generated during this study, results show, that humanization of yeast secretory pathway, designed for producing active virus glycoproteins, is possible.

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